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Identificadores de dispositivos

Android 10 changes the permissions for device identifiers so that all device identifiers are now protected by the READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE permission. Prior to Android 10, persistent device identifiers (IMEI/MEID, IMSI, SIM, and build serial) were protected behind the READ_PHONE_STATE runtime permission. The READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE permission is only granted to apps signed with the platform key and privileged system apps.

More information for the new permission requirements can be found in the Javadoc pages for TelephonyManager.java and Build.java.

This change affects the following APIs:

  • TelephonyManager#getDeviceId
  • TelephonyManager#getImei
  • TelephonyManager#getMeid
  • TelephonyManager#getSimSerialNumber
  • TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId
  • Build#getSerial

Access for carrier apps without READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE permission

Preloaded carrier apps that don't qualify for the READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE permission can implement one of the options in the table below.

Option Desciption Limitations
UICC carrier privileges The Android platform loads certificates stored on the UICC and grants permission to apps signed by these certificates to make calls to special methods. Legacy carriers have a large, established SIM population, which isn’t easily updatable. Also, carriers that don't have authoring rights to new SIMs (for example, MVNOs that have SIMs issued from MNOs) can't add or update certificates on the SIMs.
OEM whitelisting OEMs can use OP_READ_DEVICE_IDENTIFIER to provide device identifiers to whitelisted carrier apps. This solution isn’t scalable for all carriers.
Type allocation code (TAC) Use the getTypeAllocationCode method, introduced in Android 10, to expose the TAC that returns the manufacturer and model info. The information in the TAC is inadequate to identify a specific device.
MSISDN Carriers can use the phone number (MSISDN), available under TelephonyManager with the PHONE permission group, to look up the IMEI on their backend systems. This requires significant investment for carriers. Carriers that map their network keys using IMSI require significant technical resources to switch to MSISDN.

All carrier apps can access device identifiers by updating the CarrierConfig.xml file with the signing certificate hash of the carrier app. When the carrier app calls a method to read privileged information, the platform looks for a match of the app’s signing certificate hash (SHA-1 or SHA-256 signature of the certificate) in the CarrierConfig.xml file. If a match is found, the requested information is returned. If no match is found, a security exception is returned.

To implement this solution, carriers MUST follow these steps:

  1. Update CarrierConfig.xml with the signing certificate hash of the carrier app and submit a patch.
  2. Request OEMs to update their build with QPR1+ (recommended) OR these required platform patches and the patch containing updated CarrierConfig.xml file from step 1 above.

Implementation

Update your privileged permission whitelist to grant the READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE permission to those privileged apps that require access to device identifiers.

To learn more about whitelisting, refer to Privileged Permission Whitelisting.

To invoke the affected APIs, an app must meet one of the following requirements:

  • If the app is a preloaded privileged application, it needs the READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE permission declared in AndroidManifest.xml. The app also needs to whitelist this privileged permission.
  • Apps delivered through Google Play need carrier privileges. Learn more about granting carrier privileges on the UICC Carrier Privileges page.
  • A device or profile owner app that has been granted the READ_PHONE_STATE permission.

An app that doesn't meet any of these requirements has the following behavior:

  • If the app is targeting pre-Q and doesn't have the READ_PHONE_STATE permission granted, SecurityException is triggered. this is the current pre-Q behavior as this permission is required to invoke these APIs.
  • If the app is targeting pre-Q and does have the READ_PHONE_STATE permission granted, it receives a null value for all of the TelephonyManager APIs and Build.UNKNOWN for the Build#getSerial method.
  • If the app is targeting Android 10 or higher and doesn't meet any one of the new requirements then it receives a SecurityException.

Validation and testing

The Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) includes tests to verify the expected device identifier access behavior for apps with carrier privileges, device and profile owners, and those apps that are expected to not have access to device identifiers.

The following CTS tests are specific to this feature.

cts-tradefed run cts -m CtsCarrierApiTestCases -t
    android.carrierapi.cts.CarrierApiTest

cts-tradefed run cts -m CtsTelephonyTestCases -t
    android.telephony.cts.TelephonyManagerTest

cts-tradefed run cts -m CtsTelephony3TestCases

cts-tradefed run cts -m CtsPermissionTestCases -t
    android.permission.cts.TelephonyManagerPermissionTest

cts-tradefed run cts -m CtsDevicePolicyManagerTestCases -t
    com.android.cts.devicepolicy.DeviceOwnerTest#testDeviceOwnerCanGetDeviceIdentifiers

cts-tradefed run cts -m CtsDevicePolicyManagerTestCases -t
    com.android.cts.devicepolicy.ManagedProfileTest#testProfileOwnerCanGetDeviceIdentifiers

cts-tradefed run cts -m CtsDevicePolicyManagerTestCases -t
    com.android.cts.devicepolicy.ManagedProfileTest#testProfileOwnerCannotGetDeviceIdentifiersWithoutPermission

cts-tradefed run cts -m CtsDevicePolicyManagerTestCases -t
    com.android.cts.devicepolicy.DeviceOwnerTest#testDeviceOwnerCannotGetDeviceIdentifiersWithoutPermission