Android API のみを使用して作成されたアプリ。Android アプリの検索とダウンロードに Google Play ストアが広く利用されていますが、他にもさまざまな方法があります。デバイス メーカーが、デバイスのコア機能をサポートするために Android アプリをプリインストールする場合もあります。Android アプリの開発に興味がある場合は、developers.android.com をご覧ください。
特権アプリ
Android API と System API を組み合わせて作成されたアプリ。これらのアプリは、特権アプリとしてデバイスにプリインストールする必要があります。
System API は、アプリのバンドルに含めるためにパートナーと OEM のみが利用できる Android API の集合です。これらの API はソースコードで @SystemApi としてマークされています。
Android API
Android API は、サードパーティの Android アプリ デベロッパー向けに一般公開されている API です。Android API について詳しくは、Android API リファレンスをご覧ください。
Android フレームワーク
Java クラス、インターフェース、その他のプリコンパイルされたコードのグループ。これに基づいてアプリを作成します。Android API の使用を介して一般公開されている部分と、System API の使用を介して OEM のみが利用できる部分があります。Android フレームワークのコードは、アプリのプロセス内で実行されます。
システム サービス
システム サービスは、system_server、SurfaceFlinger、MediaService などの、機能を絞ってモジュール化されたコンポーネントです。Android フレームワーク API によって公開される機能は、システム サービスと通信して基盤となるハードウェアにアクセスします。
[[["わかりやすい","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["問題の解決に役立った","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["その他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["必要な情報がない","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["複雑すぎる / 手順が多すぎる","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["最新ではない","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["翻訳に関する問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["サンプル / コードに問題がある","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["その他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最終更新日 2025-03-26 UTC。"],[],[],null,["# Architecture overview\n\nThe *Android Open Source Project (AOSP)* is publicly available and modifiable\nAndroid source code. Anyone can download and modify AOSP for their device. AOSP\nprovides a complete and fully functional implementation of the Android mobile\nplatform.\n| **Note:** AOSP can't provide support for apps that require backend services, such as a cloud messaging or advanced location services app. AOSP also doesn't include a full set of end-user apps that might be needed for particular types of devices.\n\nThere are two levels of compatibility for devices implementing AOSP: AOSP\ncompatibility and Android compatibility. An *AOSP-compatible device* must\nconform to the list of requirements in the\n[Compatibility Definition Document (CDD)](/docs/compatibility/cdd). An\n*Android-compatible device* must conform to the list of requirements in the CDD\nand Vendor Software Requirements (VSR) and tests such as those in the\n[Vendor Test Suite (VTS)](/docs/core/tests/vts) and\n[Compatibility Test Suite (CTS)](/docs/compatibility/cts). For further\ninformation on Android compatibility, refer to the\n[Android compatibility program](/docs/compatibility).\n\nAOSP architecture\n-----------------\n\nThe software stack for AOSP contains the following layers:\n\n**Figure 1.** AOSP software stack architecture.\n\nFollowing is a list of definitions for terms used in Figure 1:\n\n*Android app*\n: An app created solely using the Android API. Google\n Play Store is widely used to find and download Android apps, though there are\n many other alternatives. In some cases, a device manufacturer might want to\n preinstall an Android app to support the core functionality of the device. If\n you're interested in developing Android apps, refer to\n [developers.android.com](https://developer.android.com/).\n\n*Privileged app*\n: An app created using a combination of the Android and system APIs. These apps\n must be preinstalled as privileged apps on a device.\n\n*Device manufacturer app*\n: An app created using a combination of the Android API, system API, and direct\n access to the Android framework implementation. Because a device manufacturer\n might directly access unstable APIs within the Android framework, these apps\n must be preinstalled on the device and can be updated only when the device's\n system software is updated.\n\n*System API*\n: The System API represents Android APIs available only to partners and\n OEMs for inclusion in bundled applications. These APIs are marked as @SystemApi\n in the source code.\n\n*Android API*\n: The Android API is the publicly available API for third-party Android app\n developers. For information on the Android API, refer to\n [Android API reference](https://developer.android.com/reference).\n\n*Android framework*\n: A group of Java classes, interfaces, and other precompiled code upon which\n apps are built. Portions of the framework are publicly accessible through the\n use of the Android API. Other portions of the framework are\n available only to OEMs through the use of the system APIs. Android\n framework code runs inside an app's process.\n\n*System services*\n: System services are modular, focused components such as `system_server`,\n SurfaceFlinger, and MediaService. Functionality exposed by Android framework API\n communicates with system services to access the underlying hardware.\n\n*Android runtime (ART)*\n: A Java runtime environment provided by AOSP. ART performs the\n translation of the app's bytecode into processor-specific instructions\n that are executed by the device's runtime environment.\n\n*Hardware abstraction layer (HAL)*\n: A HAL is an abstraction layer with a standard interface for hardware vendors\n to implement. HALs allow Android to be agnostic about lower-level driver\n implementations. Using a HAL lets you implement functionality without\n affecting or modifying the higher level system. For further information,\n see the [HAL overview](/docs/core/architecture/hal).\n\n*Native daemons and libraries*\n\n: Native daemons in this layer include `init`, `healthd`, `logd`, and\n `storaged`. These daemons interact directly with the kernel or other interfaces\n and don't depend on a userspace-based HAL implementation.\n\n Native libraries in this layer include `libc`, `liblog`, `libutils`,\n `libbinder`, and `libselinux`. These Native libraries interact directly with\n the kernel or other interfaces and don't depend on a userspace-based HAL\n implementation.\n\n*Kernel*\n\n: The kernel is the central part of any operating system and talks to the\n underlying hardware on a device. Where possible, the AOSP kernel is split\n into hardware-agnostic modules and vendor-specific modules. For a description,\n including definitions, of AOSP kernel components, refer to the\n [Kernel overview](/docs/core/architecture/kernel).\n\nWhat's next?\n------------\n\n- If you're new to AOSP, and want to get started with development, refer to the [Get started section](/docs/setup).\n- If you want to learn more about a specific layer of AOSP, click the section's name in the left navigation and begin with the overview for that section."]]
