Android 兼容性定义文档变更日志

安卓 13

2023 年 3 月 20 日

2. 设备类型

3. 软件

  • 3.18.联系人

    见修订

    开始新的需求

    新联系人的默认帐户： Contacts Provider 提供 API 来管理创建新联系人时默认帐户的设置。

    如果设备实现预加载联系人应用程序，则预加载的联系人应用程序：

    • [C-2-1] 必须处理意向ContactsContract.Settings.ACTION_SET_DEFAULT_ACCOUNT以启动用于选择帐户的 UI，并在选择帐户时将设置保存到联系人提供程序。

    • [C-2-2] 在处理ContactsContracts.Contacts.CONTENT_TYPE和ContactsContract.RawContacts.CONTENT_TYPE的Intent.ACTION_INSERT and Intent.ACTION_INSERT_OR_EDIT时，必须通过初始选择帐户来遵循默认帐户设置。

  • 3.2.3.5。有条件的申请意向

    见修订

    [移至 2.2.3]

    开始新的需求

    如果设备实现的设置应用程序使用活动嵌入实现了拆分功能，那么它们：

6. 开发工具和选项兼容性

7. 硬件兼容性

  • 7.3.13。 IEEE 802.1.15.4 (超宽带)

    见修订

    [移至 7.4.9]

    开始新的需求

    如果设备实现包括对 802.1.15.4 的支持并将该功能公开给第三方应用程序，则它们：

    • [C-1-1] 必须在 android.uwb 中实现相应的 Android API。
    • [C-1-2] 必须报告硬件功能标志 android.hardware.uwb。
    • [C-1-3] 必须支持 Android 实现中定义的所有相关 UWB 配置文件。
    • [C-1-4] 必须提供一种允许用户切换 UWB 无线电开/关状态的方式。
    • [C-1-5] 必须强制使用 UWB 无线电的应用持有 UWB_RANGING 权限（在 NEARBY_DEVICES 权限组下）。
    • [C-1-6] 强烈建议通过标准组织定义的相关一致性和认证测试，包括FIRA 、 CCC和CSA 。

  • 7.4.1.电话

    见修订

    如果设备实现包括 GSM 或 CDMA 电话报告android.hardware.telephony功能，然后：

    如果设备实现包括 GSM 或 CDMA 电话报告android.hardware.telephony功能并提供系统状态栏，然后：

    • [C- 6个-7 -1 ] 必须为给定的组 UUID选择一个有代表性的活动订阅，以在提供 SIM 状态信息的任何可供性中显示给用户。此类可供性的示例包括状态栏蜂窝信号图标或快速设置磁贴。
    • [C-SR-1] 强烈建议选择代表订阅作为活动数据订阅，除非设备正在进行语音通话，在此期间强烈建议代表订阅是活动语音订阅。

    如果设备实现包括 GSM 或 CDMA 电话报告android.hardware.telephony功能，然后：

    • [C-6- 8个7 ] 必须能够根据 ETSI TS 102 221 为每个 UICC 打开和同时使用最大数量的逻辑通道（总共 20 个）。
    • [C-6- 10 8 ] 不得自动或未经用户明确确认将以下任何行为应用于活动的运营商应用程序（由TelephonyManager#getCarrierServicePackageName指定）：
      • 撤销或限制网络访问
      • 撤销权限
      • 限制 AOSP 中包含的现有电源管理功能以外的后台或前台应用程序执行
      • 禁用或卸载应用程序

    如果设备实现包括 GSM 或 CDMA 电话报告android.hardware.telephony功能，并且共享一个组 UUID 的所有活动的、非机会主义的订阅被禁用、从设备中物理删除或标记为机会主义，然后设备：

    • [C- 7 8 -1] 必须自动禁用同一组中所有剩余的活动机会订阅。

    如果设备实现包括 GSM 电话但不包括 CDMA 电话，则：

    如果设备实现支持具有多个端口和配置文件的 eUICC，则它们：

  • 7.4.9.超宽带

    见修订

    如果设备实现报告通过android.content.pm.PackageManager类支持android.hardware.uwb功能，如果设备实现包括对 802.1.15.4 的支持并将该功能公开给第三方应用程序，则它们：

    开始新的需求

    • [C-1-1] 必须在 android.uwb 中实现相应的 Android API。
    • [C-1-2] 必须报告硬件功能标志 android.hardware.uwb。
    • [C-1-3] 必须支持 Android 实现中定义的所有相关 UWB 配置文件。
    • [C-1-4] 必须提供一种允许用户切换 UWB 无线电开/关状态的方式。
    • [C-1-5] 必须强制使用 UWB 无线电的应用持有 UWB_RANGING 权限（在 NEARBY_DEVICES 权限组下）。
    • [C-SR-1] 强烈建议通过标准组织定义的相关一致性和认证测试，包括FIRA 、 CCC和CSA 。
    • [C-1- 1个6 ] 必须确保距离测量值在非反射室中 1 米距离的视线环境中 95% 的测量值在 +/-15 厘米以内。
    • [C-1- 2个7 ] 必须确保距参考设备 1 米处的距离测量值的中值在 [0.75 米，1.25 米] 范围内，其中地面真实距离是从面朝上并倾斜 45 度的 DUT 的顶部边缘测量的。
    • [C-SR-2] 强烈建议遵循存在校准要求中指定的测量设置步骤。

    强烈建议遵循存在校准要求中指定的测量设置步骤。

  • 7.8.2.2.数字音频端口

    见修订

    为了与使用 USB-C 连接器的耳机和其他音频配件兼容，并按照Android USB 耳机规范中的定义在整个 Android 生态系统中实施（USB 音频类）。

2022 年 10 月 19 日

2. 设备类型

  • 2.2.3 软件

    见修订

    如果手持设备实现未在锁定任务模式下运行，当内容被复制到剪贴板时，它们：

    • [3.8.17/H-1-1] 必须向用户提供数据已复制到剪贴板的确认信息（例如，缩略图或“内容已复制”的警告）。此外，如果剪贴板数据将跨设备同步，请在此处包括指示。

3. 软件

  • 3.2.3.5。有条件的申请意向

    见修订

    如果设备实现的设置应用程序使用活动嵌入实现了拆分功能，那么它们：

    如果设备实现支持VoiceInteractionService并且一次安装了多个使用此 API 的应用程序，则它们：

  • 3.4.1 网页视图兼容性

    见修订

    • [C-1-4]必须在与实例化 WebView 的应用程序不同的进程中呈现提供的内容或远程 URL 内容。具体来说，单独的渲染器进程必须拥有较低的权限，作为单独的用户 ID 运行，无法访问应用程序的数据目录，无法直接访问网络，并且只能通过 Binder 访问最低要求的系统服务。 WebView 的 AOSP 实现满足了这个要求。

7. 硬件兼容性

  • 7.4.2 IEEE 802.11（Wi-Fi）

    见修订

    如果设备实现支持 IEEE 802.11 标准中定义的 Wi-Fi 省电模式，则：

  • 7.4.3 蓝牙

    见修订

    如果设备实现包括对低功耗蓝牙 (BLE) 的支持，则它们：

    • [C-3-5] 必须实施不超过 15 分钟的可解析私有地址 (RPA) 超时，并在超时时轮换地址，以在设备主动使用 BLE 进行扫描或广告时保护用户隐私。为了防止定时攻击，超时间隔也必须在 5 到 15 分钟之间随机分配。

  • 7.5.5 相机方向

    见修订

    如果设备实现具有前置或后置摄像头，则此类摄像头：

    • [C-1-1] 必须调整方向，使相机的长尺寸与屏幕的长尺寸对齐。也就是说，当设备以横向放置时，相机必须以横向拍摄图像。无论设备的自然方向如何，这都适用；也就是说，它适用于横向主设备以及纵向主设备。

    满足以下所有条件的设备不受上述要求的约束：

    • 该设备采用可变几何屏幕，例如可折叠或铰链式显示器。
    • 当设备的折叠或铰链状态发生变化时，设备会在纵向主要方向和横向主要方向（或反之亦然）之间切换。

9. 安全模型兼容性

  • 9.11 密钥和凭证

    见修订

    当设备实现支持安全锁屏时，它：

    • [C-1-6] 必须支持 IKeymasterDevice 4.0、 IKeymasterDevice 4.1、IKeyMintDevice 版本 1 或 IKeyMintDevice 版本 2。

  • 9.17 安卓虚拟化框架

    见修订

    如果设备实现了对 Android 虚拟化框架 API ( android.system.virtualmachine.* ) 的支持，则 Android 主机：

    • [C-1-3] 不得修改、省略或替换上游 Android 开源项目 (AOSP) 中提供的系统/sepolicy 中存在的 neverallow 规则，并且该政策必须使用所有存在的 neverallow 规则进行编译。

    如果设备实现了对 Android 虚拟化框架 API ( android.system.virtualmachine.* ) 的支持，则任何受保护的虚拟机实例：

    • [C-2-4] 不得修改、省略或替换上游 Android 开源项目 (AOSP) 中提供的 system/sepolicy/microdroid 中存在的 neverallow 规则。

    如果设备实现了对 Android 虚拟化框架 API 的支持，那么对于密钥管理：

    • [C-6-2] 必须正确执行 DICE，即提供正确的值。但它可能不必达到那种详细程度。

2022 年 8 月 15 日

2. 设备类型

  • 2.2.1 硬件：硬件要求更改如下。

    • 输入设备：

      见修订

      手持设备实现：

      • [ 7.2 .3/H-0-5] 当返回手势开始或按下返回按钮 ( KEYCODE_BACK ) 时，必须在当前聚焦窗口上调用OnBackInvokedCallback.onBackStarted() 。
      • [ 7.2 .3/H-0-6] 必须在提交后退手势或释放后退按钮 (UP) 时调用OnBackInvokedCallback.onBackInvoked() 。
      • [ 7.2 .3/H-0-7] 当返回手势未提交或KEYCODE_BACK事件被取消时，必须调用OnBackInvokedCallback.onBackCancelled() 。

      如果设备通过声明PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_AWARE支持 WiFi 邻居感知网络 (NAN) 协议，并通过声明PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_RTT支持 Wi-Fi 位置（Wi-Fi 往返时间 - RTT），那么它们：

      • [ 7.4 .2.5/H-1-1] 必须在第 68 个百分位（根据累积分布函数计算）在 160 MHz 带宽时准确报告范围在 +/-1 米以内，在 80 MHz 带宽时在 +/-2 米范围内在第 68 个百分位，+/-4 米，40 MHz 带宽，第 68 个百分位，+/-8 米，20 MHz 带宽，第 68 个百分位，距离为 10 cm、1 m、3 m 和 5 m，如通过WifiRttManager#startRanging Android API观察。

      • [ 7.4 .2.5/H-SR] 强烈建议在 160 MHz 带宽的第 90 个百分位（根据累积分布函数计算）在 +/-1 米内准确报告范围，在 80 MHz 时为 +/-2 米通过WifiRttManager#startRanging Android API观察，第 90 个百分位数的带宽，第 90 个百分位数的 40 MHz 带宽 +/-4 米，第 90 个百分位数的 20 MHz 带宽 +/-8 米，距离为 10 厘米。

      强烈建议遵循存在校准要求中指定的测量设置步骤。

    • 音频延迟：

      见修订

      如果手持设备实现声明了android.hardware.audio.output和android.hardware.microphone ，它们：

      • [ 5.6 /H-1-1] 必须具有500的平均连续往返延迟800 5 次测量的毫秒或更少，平均绝对偏差小于50 100 ms，通过以下数据路径：“扬声器到麦克风”、3.5 毫米环回适配器（如果支持）、USB 环回（如果支持）。至少一个支持的路径。

      • [ 5.6 /H-1-1] 在扬声器到麦克风数据路径上的至少 5 次测量中，平均点击音延迟必须为 500 毫秒或更短。

    • 触觉输入：

      见修订

      如果手持设备实现包括至少一个触觉执行器，则它们：

      • [ 7.10 /H]* 不应使用偏心旋转质量 (ERM) 触觉致动器（振动器）。
      • [ 7.10 /H]* 应将执行器放置在通常用手握住或触摸设备的位置附近。
      • [ 7.10 /H]* 应在android.view.HapticFeedbackConstants中实现清晰触觉的所有公共常量，即（CLOCK_TICK、CONTEXT_CLICK、KEYBOARD_PRESS、KEYBOARD_RELEASE、KEYBOARD_TAP、LONG_PRESS、TEXT_HANDLE_MOVE、VIRTUAL_KEY、VIRTUAL_KEY_RELEASE、CONFIRM、REJECT、GESTURE_START）和
      • [ 7.10 /H]* 应在android.os.VibrationEffect中实现清晰触觉的所有公共常量，即（EFFECT_TICK、EFFECT_CLICK、EFFECT_HEAVY_CLICK 和 EFFECT_DOUBLE_CLICK），以及在android.os.VibrationEffect.Composition中实现丰富触觉的所有可行公共PRIMITIVE_*常量，即(PRIMITIVE_CLICK 和 PRIMITIVE_TICK) （点击、滴答、LOW_TICK、QUICK_FALL、QUICK_RISE、SLOW_RISE、旋转、THUD）。这些原语中的一些，例如 LOW_TICK 和 SPIN 可能仅在振动器可以支持相对较低的频率时才可行。

      • [ 7.10 /H]* 应该使用这些链接的触觉常量映射。

      如果手持设备实现包括至少一个线性谐振执行器，则它们：

      • [ 7.10 /H]* 应在纵向的 X 轴（左右）上移动触觉致动器。

      • [ 7.10 /H]* 应该验证并在需要时更新不支持原语的回退配置，如常量实施指南中所述。

      • [7.10/H]* 应提供后备支持以降低此处所述的失败风险。

  • 2.2.3 软件：

    • 授权简单的设备控制：

      见修订

      • [ 3.8 .16/H-1-5] 必须提供一种方式，让用户可以通过ControlsProviderService和Control Control.isAuthRequired API 从第三方应用程序注册的控件中选择退出应用程序指定的 auth-trivial 设备控件。

    • 媒体样式通知：

      见修订

      如果手持设备实现支持MediaStyle 通知，则它们：

      • [3.8.3.1/H-1-SR] 强烈建议提供从系统 UI 访问的用户功能（例如“输出切换器”），允许用户在适当的可用媒体路由（例如蓝牙设备和提供给MediaRouter2Manager的路由）之间切换当应用发布带有MediaSession 令牌的MediaStyle 通知时。

  • 2.2.4 性能和功率：对运行前台服务的应用程序的新要求。

    见修订

    手持设备实现：

    • [ 8.5 /H-0-1] 必须在“设置”菜单中为用户提供停止正在运行前台服务的应用程序并显示所有具有活动前台服务的应用程序以及每项服务的持续时间的能力按照SDK 文档中的描述启动。
      • 如SDK 文档中所述，某些应用程序可以免于停止或列在此类用户可供性中。

  • 2.2.7.1 媒体：手持设备要求媒体部分更新如下：

    见修订

    如果手持设备实现为android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.MEDIA_PERFORMANCE_CLASS返回android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.T ，那么它们：

    • [5.1/H-1-1] 必须通告可通过CodecCapabilities.getMaxSupportedInstances()和VideoCapabilities.getSupportedPerformancePoints()方法在任何编解码器组合中同时运行的硬件视频解码器会话的最大数量。
    • [5.1/H-1-2] 必须在以 1080p 分辨率@30 fps 同时运行的任何编解码器组合中支持 6 个硬件视频解码器会话实例（AVC、HEVC、VP9、AV1 或更高版本）。
    • [5.1/H-1-3] 必须通告可通过CodecCapabilities.getMaxSupportedInstances()和VideoCapabilities.getSupportedPerformancePoints()方法在任何编解码器组合中同时运行的硬件视频编码器会话的最大数量。
    • [5.1/H-1-4] 必须在以 1080p 分辨率@30fps 同时运行的任何编解码器组合中支持 6 个硬件视频编码器会话实例（AVC、HEVC、VP9、AV1 或更高版本）。
    • [5.1/H-1-5] 必须通告可通过CodecCapabilities.getMaxSupportedInstances()和VideoCapabilities.getSupportedPerformancePoints()方法在任何编解码器组合中同时运行的硬件视频编码器和解码器会话的最大数量。
    • [5.1/H-1-6] 必须支持以 1080p@30fps 分辨率同时运行的任何编解码器组合中的 6 个硬件视频解码器和硬件视频编码器会话实例（AVC、HEVC、VP9、AV1 或更高版本）。
    • [5.1/H-1-7] 在负载下，所有硬件视频编码器的 1080p 或更小视频编码会话的编解码器初始化延迟必须不超过 40 毫秒。此处的加载定义为并发的 1080p 到 720p 纯视频转码会话，使用硬件视频编解码器以及 1080p 音频-视频录制初始化。
    • [5.1/H-1-8] 在负载下，所有音频编码器的 128 kbps 或更低比特率音频编码会话的编解码器初始化延迟必须为 30 毫秒或更短。此处的加载定义为并发的 1080p 到 720p 纯视频转码会话，使用硬件视频编解码器以及 1080p 音频-视频录制初始化。
    • [5.1/H-1-9] 必须在以 1080p 分辨率@30 fps 同时运行的任何编解码器组合中支持 2 个安全硬件视频解码器会话实例（AVC、HEVC、VP9、AV1 或更高版本）。
    • [5.1/H-1-10] 必须在任何编解码器中支持 3 个非安全硬件视频解码器会话实例和 1 个安全硬件视频解码器会话实例（总共 4 个实例）（AVC、HEVC、VP9、AV1 或更高版本）组合以 1080p 分辨率@30fps 同时运行。
    • [5.1/ H-1-11] 必须支持设备上每个硬件 AVC、HEVC、VP9 或 AV1 解码器的安全解码器。
    • [5.1/H-1-12] 视频解码器初始化延迟必须不超过 40 毫秒。
    • [5.1/H-1-13] 音频解码器初始化延迟必须不超过 30 毫秒。
    • [5.1/H-1-14] 必须支持 AV1 硬件解码器 Main 10，Level 4.1。
    • [5.1/H-SR] 强烈推荐支持 AV1 硬件解码器的 Film Grain。
    • [5.1/H-1-15] 必须至少有 1 个支持 4K60 的硬件视频解码器。
    • [5.1/H-1-16] 必须至少有 1 个支持 4K60 的硬件视频编码器。
    • [5.3/H-1-1] 负载下的 1080p 60 fps 视频会话在 10 秒内丢帧不得超过 1 帧（即丢帧率小于 0.167%）。负载定义为使用硬件视频编解码器的并发 1080p 到 720p 纯视频转码会话，以及 128 kbps AAC 音频播放。
    • [5.3/H-1-2] 在加载 60 fps 视频会话的视频分辨率更改期间，10 秒内丢帧不得超过 1 帧。负载定义为使用硬件视频编解码器的并发 1080p 到 720p 纯视频转码会话，以及 128 kbps AAC 音频播放。
    • [5.6/H-1-1] 使用 OboeTester 按键音测试或 CTS Verifier 按键音测试时，按键音延迟必须为 80 毫秒或更短。
    • [5.6/H-1-2] 在至少一个受支持的数据路径上，往返音频延迟必须为 80 毫秒或更短。
    • [5.6/H-1-3] 必须支持 >=24 位音频，通过 3.5 毫米音频插孔（如果存在）和 USB 音频（如果通过整个数据路径支持低延迟和流式传输配置）进行立体声输出。对于低延迟配置，应用程序应在低延迟回调模式下使用 AAudio。对于流配置，应用程序应使用 Java AudioTrack。在低延迟和流式配置中，HAL 输出接收器应接受AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT 、 AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_24_BIT_PACKED 、 AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_32_BIT或AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT作为其目标输出格式。
    • [5.6/H-1-4] 必须支持 >=4 声道 USB 音频设备（DJ 控制器使用它来预览歌曲。）
    • [5.6/H-1-5] 必须支持类兼容 MIDI 设备并声明 MIDI 功能标志。
    • [5.7/H-1-2] 必须支持具有以下内容解密功能的MediaDrm.SECURITY_LEVEL_HW_SECURE_ALL 。
    最小样本量4 字节
    最小子样本数 - H264 或 HEVC 32
    最小子样本数 - VP9 9
    最小子样本数 - AV1 288
    最小子样本缓冲区大小1 字节
    最小通用加密缓冲区大小500 KB
    最小并发会话数30
    每个会话的最小密钥数20
    最小键总数（所有会话） 80
    DRM 密钥的最小总数（所有会话） 6个
    邮件大小16 KB
    每秒解密帧数60 帧/秒

  • 2.2.7.2 相机：更新媒体性能等级相机要求。

    见修订

    如果手持设备实现为android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.MEDIA_PERFORMANCE_CLASS返回android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.T ，那么它们：

    • [7.5/H-1-1] 必须有一个主后置摄像头，分辨率至少为 12 兆像素，支持 4k@30fps 的视频捕获。主后置摄像头是摄像头 ID 最小的后置摄像头。
    • [7.5/H-1-2] 必须有一个主前置摄像头，分辨率至少为 5 百万像素，并支持 1080p@30fps 的视频捕获。主前置摄像头是摄像头 ID 最小的前置摄像头。
    • [7.5/H-1-3] 必须支持两个主摄像头的android.info.supportedHardwareLevel属性为FULL或更好。
    • [7.5/H-1-4] 必须支持两个主摄像头的CameraMetadata.SENSOR_INFO_TIMESTAMP_SOURCE_REALTIME 。
    • [7.5/H-1-5] 对于 1080p 分辨率，两个主摄像头在 ITS 照明条件 (3000K) 下通过 CTS 摄像头性能测试测得的摄像头 2 JPEG 捕获延迟必须小于 1000 毫秒。
    • [7.5/H-1-6] 两个主摄像头在 ITS 照明条件 (3000K) 下通过 CTS 摄像头性能测试测得的摄像头 2 启动延迟（打开摄像头到第一个预览帧）必须小于 500 毫秒。
    • [7.5/H-1-8] 主后置摄像头必须支持CameraMetadata.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_RAW和android.graphics.ImageFormat.RAW_SENSOR 。
    • [7.5/H-1-9] 必须具有支持 720p 或 1080p @ 240fps 的后置主摄像头。
    • [7.5/H-1-10] 如果超宽 RGB 摄像头面向同一方向，则主摄像头的最小 ZOOM_RATIO 必须 < 1.0。
    • [7.5/H-1-11] 必须在主摄像头上实现并发的前后流。
    • [7.5/H-1-12] 必须支持主前置摄像头和主后置摄像头的CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE_PREVIEW_STABILIZATION 。
    • [7.5/H-1-13] 如果有超过 1 个 RGB 相机面向同一方向，则必须支持主相机的LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA功能。
    • [7.5/H-1-14] 必须支持主前置摄像头和主后置摄像头的STREAM_USE_CASE功能。

  • 2.2.7.3 硬件：更新硬件的媒体性能等级要求。

    见修订

    如果手持设备实现为android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.MEDIA_PERFORMANCE_CLASS返回android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.T ，那么它们：

    • [7.1.1.1/H-2-1] 屏幕分辨率必须至少为 1080p。
    • [7.1.1.3/H-2-1] 屏幕密度必须至少为 400 dpi。
    • [7.6.1/H-2-1] 必须至少有 8 GB 的物理内存。

  • 2.2.7.4 性能：更新媒体性能类的性能。

    见修订

    如果手持设备实现为android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.MEDIA_PERFORMANCE_CLASS返回android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.T ，那么它们：

    • [8.2/H-1-1] 必须确保至少 125 MB/s 的顺序写入性能。
    • [8.2/H-1-2] 必须确保至少 10 MB/s 的随机写入性能。
    • [8.2/H-1-3] 必须确保至少 250 MB/s 的顺序读取性能。
    • [8.2/H-1-4] 必须确保至少 40 MB/s 的随机读取性能。

  • 2.5.1 硬件：更新三轴加速度计和三轴陀螺仪要求，以及外视摄像头要求。

    见修订

    汽车设备实现：

    • [ 7.3 .1/A-0-4] 必须符合 Android汽车传感器坐标系。
    • [ 7.3 /A-SR] 强烈建议包括 3 轴加速度计和 3 轴陀螺仪。
    • [ 7.3 /A-SR] 强烈建议实施和报告TYPE_HEADING传感器。

    如果汽车设备实现包括加速度计，则它们：

    • [ 7.3 .1 /A-1-1] 必须能够以至少 100 Hz 的频率报告事件。

    如果设备实现包括 3 轴加速度计，则：

    • [ 7.3 .1/A-SR] 强烈建议为有限轴加速度计实施复合传感器。

    如果汽车设备实现包括少于 3 个轴的加速度计，则它们：

    • [ 7.3 .1/A-1-3] 必须实施并报告TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_LIMITED_AXES传感器。
    • [ 7.3 .1/A-1-4] 必须实施并报告TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_LIMITED_AXES_UNCALIBRATED传感器。

    如果汽车设备实现包括陀螺仪，则它们：

    • [ 7.3 .4/A-2-1] 必须能够以至少 100 Hz 的频率报告事件。
    • [ 7.3 .4/A-2-3] 必须能够测量高达每秒 250 度的方向变化。
    • [ 7.3 .4/A-SR] 强烈建议将陀螺仪的测量范围配置为 +/-250dps，以尽可能提高分辨率。

    如果汽车设备实现包括 3 轴陀螺仪，则它们：

    • [ 7.3 .4/A-SR] 强烈建议为有限轴陀螺仪实施复合传感器。

    如果汽车设备实现包括少于 3 轴的陀螺仪，则它们：

    • [ 7.3 .4/A-4-1] 必须实施并报告TYPE_GYROSCOPE_LIMITED_AXES传感器。
    • [ 7.3 .4/A-4-2] 必须实施并报告TYPE_GYROSCOPE_LIMITED_AXES_UNCALIBRATED传感器。

    如果汽车设备实现包含TYPE_HEADING传感器，则它们：

    • [ 7.3 .4/A-4-3] 必须能够以至少 1 Hz 的频率报告事件。
    • [ 7.3 .4/A-SR] 强烈建议报告频率至少为 10 Hz 的事件。
    • 应该参考真北。
    • 即使在车辆静止时也应该可用。
    • 分辨率至少应为 1 度。

    外视摄像头是一种对设备实现之外的场景进行成像的摄像头，例如后视摄像头行车记录仪.

    如果汽车设备实现包括外部摄像头，对于此类摄像头，它们：

    • [ 7.5 .5/A-SR] 强烈建议调整方向，使相机的长尺寸与地平线对齐。

    • 应支持Android 同步框架。

    • 可以在相机驱动程序中实现硬件自动对焦或软件自动对焦。

    If automotive device implementations include one or more exterior view cameras, and load Exterior View System (EVS) service, then for such a camera, they:

    • [ 7.5 /A-2-1] MUST NOT rotate or horizontally mirror the camera preview.

    Automotive device implementations:

    • MAY include one or more cameras that are available to third party applications.

    If automotive device implementations include at least one camera and make it available to third party applications then, they:

    • [ 7.5 /A-3-1] MUST report the feature flag android.hardware.camera.any .
    • [ 7.5 /A-3-2] MUST not declare the camera as a system camera .
    • MAY support external cameras described in section 7.5.3 .
    • MAY include features (such as auto-focus, etc.) available to rear-facing cameras as described in section 7.5.1 .

  • 2.5.5 Security Model : New requirements for camera permissions for automotive devices.

    See revision

    If Automotive device implementations declare android.hardware.camera.any , then they:

    • [ 9.8.2 /A-2-1] MUST display the camera indicator when an app is accessing live camera data, but not when the camera is only being accessed by app(s) holding the roles called out in Section 9.1 Permissions with CDD identifier [C-3-X].

    • [ 9.8.2 /A-2-2] MUST not hide the camera indicator for system apps that have visible user interfaces or direct user interaction.

  • 2.6.1 Tablet Requirements — Hardware : Update to tablet screen size requirements.

    See revision

    An Android Tablet device refers to an Android device implementation that typically meets all the following criteria:

    • Has a screen display size greater than 7” and less than 18", measured diagonally.

    Screen Size

    • [ 7.1 .1.1/Tab-0-1] MUST have a screen in the range of 7 to 18 inches.

3. Software

  • 3.2.2 Build Parameters : Updated ASCII characters in getSerial() .

    See revision

    • [C-0-1] To provide consistent, meaningful values across device implementations, the table below includes additional restrictions on the formats of these values to which device implementations MUST conform.
    Parameter Details
    getSerial() MUST (be or return) a hardware serial number, which MUST be available and unique across devices with the same MODEL and MANUFACTURER. The value of this field MUST be encodable as 7-bit ASCII and match the regular expression “^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$” .

  • 3.2.3.5 Conditional Application Intents : Update to requirements for conditional application intents.

    See revision

    If device implementations include a large display (generally having display width and height of 600dp+) and supports split functionality , then they:

  • 3.5.1 Application Restriction : Updates to application restrictions.

    See revision

    If device implementations implement a proprietary mechanism to restrict apps (eg changing or restricting API behaviors that are described in the SDK) and that mechanism is more restrictive than the Restricted App Standby Bucket , they:

    • [C-1-1] MUST allow the user to see the list of restricted apps.
    • [C-1-2] MUST provide user affordance to turn on / off all of these proprietary restrictions on each app.
    • [C-1-3] MUST not automatically apply these proprietary restrictions without evidence of poor system health behavior, but MAY apply the restrictions on apps upon detection of poor system health behavior like stuck wakelocks, long running services, and other criteria. The criteria MAY be determined by device implementers but MUST be related to the app's impact on the system health. Other criteria that are not purely related to the system health, such as the app's lack of popularity in the market, MUST NOT be used as criteria.
    • [C-1-4] MUST not automatically apply these proprietary restrictions for apps when a user has turned off app restrictions manually, and MAY suggest the user to apply these proprietary restrictions.

    • [C-1-5] MUST inform users if these proprietary restrictions are applied to an app automatically. Such information MUST be provided in the 24-hour period preceding the application of these proprietary restrictions.

    • [C-1-6] MUST return true for the ActivityManager.isBackgroundRestricted() method for any API calls from an app.

    • [C-1-7] MUST NOT restrict the top foreground app that is explicitly used by the user.

    • [C-1-8] MUST suspend these proprietary restrictions on an app whenever a user starts to explicitly use the app, making it the top foreground application.

    • [C-1-9] MUST report all these proprietary restrictions events via UsageStats.

    • [C-1-10] MUST provide a public and clear document or website that describes how proprietary restrictions are applied. This document or website MUST be linkable from the Android SDK documents and MUST include:

      • Triggering conditions for proprietary restrictions.
      • What and how an app can be restricted.
      • How an app can be exempted from such restrictions.
      • How an app can request an exemption from proprietary restrictions, if they support such an exemption for apps the user can install.

    If an app is pre-installed on the device and has never been explicitly used by a user for more than 30 days, [C-1-3] [C-1-5] are exempted.

  • 3.8.1 Launcher (Home Screen) : Updates to support for monochrome/adaptive-icon .

    See revision

    If device implementations support monochrome icons, these icons:

    • [C-6-1] MUST be used only when a user explicitly enables them (eg via Settings or wallpaper picker menu).

  • 3.8.2 Widgets : Update to third-party app widget presence in the Launcher.

    See revision

    If device implementations support third-party app widgets, they:

    • [C-1-2] MUST include built-in support for AppWidgets and expose user interface affordances to add, configure, view, and remove AppWidgets directly within the Launcher.

  • 3.8.3.1 Presentation of Notifications : Clarifying the definition of heads-up notifications.

    See revision

    Heads up notifications are notifications that are presented to the user as they come in independently of the surface the user is on.

  • 3.8.3.3 DND (Do not Disturb) / Priority Mode : Update to include Priority Mode in DND (Do Not Disturb) requirements.

    See revision

    3.8.3.3. DND (Do not Disturb) / Priority Mode

    If device implementations support the DND feature (also called Priority Mode), they:

  • 3.8.6 Themes : New requirements for dynamic color tonal palettes.

    See revision

    If device implementations include a screen or video output, they:

    • [C-1-4] MUST generate dynamic color tonal palettes as specified in the AOSP documentation of Settings.THEME_CUSTOMIZATION_OVERLAY_PACKAGES (see android.theme.customization.system_palette and android.theme.customization.theme_style ).

    • [C-1-5] MUST generate dynamic color tonal palettes using color theme styles enumerated in the Settings.THEME_CUSTOMIZATION_OVERLAY_PACKAGES documentation (see android.theme.customization.theme_styles ), namely TONAL_SPOT , VIBRANT , EXPRESSIVE , SPRITZ , RAINBOW , FRUIT_SALAD .

      "Source color" used to generate dynamic color tonal palettes when sent with android.theme.customization.system_palette (as documented in Settings.THEME_CUSTOMIZATION_OVERLAY_PACKAGES ).

    • [C-1-6] MUST have a CAM16 chroma value of 5 or larger.

      • SHOULD be derived from the wallpaper via com.android.systemui.monet.ColorScheme#getSeedColors , which provides multiple valid source colors to pick one from.

      • SHOULD use the value 0xFF1B6EF3 , if none of the provided colors meet the above source color requirement.

  • 3.8.17 Clipboard : Added new requirements section for content on the clipboard.

    See revision

    3.8.17. Clipboard

    Device implementations:

    • [C-0-1] MUST NOT send clipboard data to any component, activity, service, or across any network connection, without explicit user action (eg, pressing a button on the overlay), except for services mentioned in 9.8.6 Content Capture and App Search .

    If device implementations generate a user-visible preview when content is copied to the clipboard for any ClipData item where ClipData.getDescription().getExtras() contains android.content.extra.IS_SENSITIVE , they:

    • [C-1-1] MUST redact the user visible preview

    The AOSP reference implementation satisfies these clipboard requirements.

  • 3.9.1.1 Device Owner Provisioning : Updates to device owner provisioning requirements.

    See revision

    If device implementations declare android.software.device_admin , they:

    • [C-1-1] MUST support enrolling a Device Policy Client (DPC) as a Device Owner app as described below:
      • When the device implementation has neither users nor user data configured, it:
        • [C-1-5] MUST enroll the DPC application as the Device Owner app or enable the DPC app to choose whether to become a Device Owner or a Profile Owner, if the device declares Near-Field Communications (NFC) support via the feature flag android.hardware.nfc and receives an NFC message containing a record with MIME type MIME_TYPE_PROVISIONING_NFC .
        • [C-1-8] MUST send the ACTION_GET_PROVISIONING_MODE intent after device owner provisioning is triggered so that the DPC app can choose whether to become a Device Owner or a Profile Owner, depending on the values of android.app.extra.PROVISIONING_ALLOWED_PROVISIONING_MODES , unless it can be determined from context that there is only one valid option. (such as for NFC based provisioning where Profile Owner provisioning is not supported).
        • [C-1-9] MUST send the ACTION_ADMIN_POLICY_COMPLIANCE intent to the Device Owner app if a Device Owner is established during provisioning regardless of the provisioning method used. The user must not be able to proceed in the Setup Wizard until the Device Owner app finishes.
      • When the device implementation has users or user data, it:
        • [C-1-7] MUST not enroll any DPC application as the Device Owner App any more.
    • [C-1-2] MUST show an appropriate disclosure notice (such as referenced in AOSP ) and obtain affirmative consent from the end user prior to an app being set as Device Owner, unless the device is programmatically configured for retail demo mode prior to on-screen, end-user interaction. require some affirmative action before or during the provisioning process to consent to an app being set as Device Owner. Consent can be via user action or by some programmatic means but appropriate disclosure notice (as referenced in AOSP) MUST be shown before device owner provisioning is initiated. Also, the programmatic device owner consent mechanism used (by enterprises) for device owner provisioning MUST NOT interfere with the Out-Of-Box Experience for non-enterprise use.
    • [C-1-3] MUST NOT hard code the consent or prevent the use of other device owner apps.

    If device implementations declare android.software.device_admin , but also include a proprietary Device Owner device management solution and provide a mechanism to promote an application configured in their solution as a "Device Owner equivalent" to the standard "Device Owner" as recognized by the standard Android DevicePolicyManager APIs, they:

    • [C-2-1] MUST have a process in place to verify that the specific app being promoted belongs to a legitimate enterprise device management solution and has been configured in the proprietary solution to have the rights equivalent as a "Device Owner".
    • [C-2-2] MUST show the same AOSP Device Owner consent disclosure as the flow initiated by android.app.action.PROVISION_MANAGED_DEVICE prior to enrolling the DPC application as "Device Owner".
    • [C-2-3] MUST NOT hard code the consent or prevent the use of other device owner apps.
    • MAY have user data on the device prior to enrolling the DPC application as "Device Owner".

  • 3.9.4 Device Management Role Requirements : Added a section for Device Management Role Requirements.

    See revision

    3.9.4 Device Policy Management Role Requirements

    If device implementations report android.software.device_admin or android.software.managed_users , then they:

    • [C-1-1] MUST support the device policy management role as defined in section 9.1 . The application that holds the device policy management role MAY be defined by setting config_devicePolicyManagement to the package name. The package name MUST be followed by : and the signing certificate unless the application is preloaded.

    If a package name is not defined for config_devicePolicyManagement as described above:

    If a package name is defined for config_devicePolicyManagement as described above:

    • [C-3-1] The application MUST be installed on all profiles for a user .
    • [C-3-2] Device implementations MAY define an application that updates the device policy management role holder before provisioning by setting config_devicePolicyManagementUpdater .

    If a package name is defined for config_devicePolicyManagementUpdater as described above:

    • [C-4-1] The application MUST be preinstalled on the device.
    • [C-4-2] The application MUST implement an intent filter which resolves android.app.action.UPDATE_DEVICE_POLICY_MANAGEMENT_ROLE_HOLDER .

  • 3.18 Contacts : Adding information for new contacts.

    See revision

    Default account for new contacts: Contacts Provider provides APIs to manage the setting of the default account when creating a new contact.

    If device implementations preload a contacts app, then the pre-loaded contacts app:

    • [C-2-1] MUST handle the intent ContactsContract.Settings.ACTION_SET_DEFAULT_ACCOUNT to launch a UI for account selection and save the setting to Contacts Provider when an account is selected.

    • [C-2-2] MUST honor the default account setting when handling Intent.ACTION_INSERT and Intent.ACTION_INSERT_OR_EDIT for the ContactsContracts.Contacts.CONTENT_TYPE and ContactsContract.RawContacts.CONTENT_TYPE by initially selecting the account.

4. Application Packaging Compatibility

5. Multimedia Compatibility

  • 5.1.2 Audio Decoding : Added new requirements for decoders capable of outputting mutli-channel audio.

    See revision

    If device implementations support the decoding of AAC input buffers of multichannel streams (ie more than two channels) to PCM through the default AAC audio decoder in the android.media.MediaCodec API, then the following MUST be supported:

    • [C-7-1] MUST be able to be configured by the application using the decoding with the key KEY_MAX_OUTPUT_CHANNEL_COUNT to control whether the content is downmixed to stereo (when using a value of 2) or is output using the native number of channels (when using a value equal or greater to that number). For instance a value of 6 or greater would configure a decoder to output 6 channels when fed 5.1 content.
    • [C-7-2] When decoding, the decoder MUST advertise the channel mask being used on the output format with the KEY_CHANNEL_MASK key, using the android.media.AudioFormat constants (example: CHANNEL_OUT_5POINT1 ).

    If device implementations support audio decoders other than the default AAC audio decoder and are capable of outputting multi-channel audio (ie more than 2 channels) when fed compressed multi-channel content, then:

    • [C-SR] The decoder is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to be able to be configured by the application using the decoding with the key KEY_MAX_OUTPUT_CHANNEL_COUNT to control whether the content is downmixed to stereo (when using a value of 2) or is output using the native number of channels (when using a value equal or greater to that number). For instance a value of 6 or greater would configure a decoder to output 6 channels when fed 5.1 content.
    • [C-SR] When decoding, the decoder is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to advertise the channel mask being used on the output format with the KEY_CHANNEL_MASK key, using the android.media.AudioFormat constants (example: CHANNEL_OUT_5POINT1 ).

  • 5.4.1 Raw Audio Capture and Microphone Information : Updates to supported audio sources for audio input streams.

    See revision

    If device implementations declare android.hardware.microphone , they:

  • 5.4.2 Capture for Voice Recognition : Updated requirements for voice recognition audio stream and added requirements for microphone gain levels.

    See revision

    If device implementations declare android.hardware.microphone , they:

    • SHOULD record the voice recognition audio stream with approximately flat amplitude versus frequency characteristics: specifically, ±3 dB, from 100 Hz to 4000 Hz.
    • SHOULD record the voice recognition audio stream with input sensitivity set such that a 90 dB sound power level (SPL) source at 1000 Hz yields RMS of 2500 for 16-bit samples.

    • SHOULD exhibit approximately flat amplitude-versus-frequency characteristics in the mid-frequency range: specifically ±3dB from 100 Hz to 4000 Hz for each and every microphone used to record the voice recognition audio source.
    • [C-SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to exhibit amplitude levels in the low frequency range: specifically from ±20 dB from 30 Hz to 100 Hz compared to the mid-frequency range for each and every microphone used to record the voice recognition audio source.
    • [C-SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to exhibit amplitude levels in the high frequency range: specifically from ±30 dB from 4000 Hz to 22 KHz compared to the mid-frequency range for each and every microphone used to record the voice recognition audio source.
    • SHOULD set audio input sensitivity such that a 1000 Hz sinusoidal tone source played at 90 dB Sound Pressure Level (SPL) (measured next to the microphone) yields an ideal response of RMS 2500 within a range of 1770 and 3530 for 16 bit-samples (or -22.35 db ±3dB Full Scale for floating point/double precision samples) for each and every microphone used to record the voice recognition audio source.

  • 5.4.6 Microphone Gain Levels : Moved requirements for Microphone Gain Levels to section 5.4.2.

    See revision

    5.4.6. Microphone Gain Levels [Moved to 5.4.2]

    If device implementations declare android.hardware.microphone , they:

    • SHOULD exhibit approximately flat amplitude-versus-frequency characteristics in the mid-frequency range: specifically ±3dB from 100 Hz to 4000 Hz for each and every microphone used to record the voice recognition audio source.
    • [C-SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to exhibit amplitude levels in the low frequency range: specifically from ±20 dB from 5 Hz to 100 Hz compared to the mid-frequency range for each and every microphone used to record the voice recognition audio source.
    • [C-SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to exhibit amplitude levels in the high frequency range: specifically from ±30 dB from 4000 Hz to 22 KHz compared to the mid-frequency range for each and every microphone used to record the voice recognition audio source.
    • SHOULD set audio input sensitivity such that a 1000 Hz sinusoidal tone source played at 90 dB Sound Pressure Level (SPL) yields a response with RMS of 2500 for 16 bit-samples (or -22.35 dB Full Scale for floating point/double precision samples) for each and every microphone used to record the voice recognition audio source.

  • 5.5.4 Audio Offload : Updates to the audio offload playback requirements.

    See revision

    If device implementations support audio offload playback , they:

    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to trim the played gapless audio content between two clips with the same format when specified by the AudioTrack gapless API and the media container for MediaPlayer.

  • 5.6 Audio Latency : Updates to the audio latency requirements.

    See revision

    For the purposes of this section, use the following definitions:

    • cold output jitter . The variability among separate measurements of cold output latency values.
    • cold input jitter . The variability among separate measurements of cold input latency values.

    If device implementations declare android.hardware.audio.output , they MUST meet or exceed the following requirements:

    • [C-1-2] Cold output latency of 500 milliseconds or less.
    • [C-1-3] Opening an output stream using AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream() MUST take less than 1000 milliseconds.

    If device implementations declare android.hardware.audio.output they are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet or exceed the following requirements:

    • [C-SR] Cold output latency of 100 milliseconds or less over the speaker data path. Existing and new devices that run this version of Android are VERY STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet these requirements now. In a future platform release, we will require Cold output latency of 200 ms or less as a MUST.
    • [C-SR] Minimize the cold output jitter.

    If device implementations include android.hardware.microphone , they MUST meet these input audio requirements:

    • [C-3-2] Cold input latency of 500 milliseconds or less.
    • [C-3-3] Opening an input stream using AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream() MUST take less than 1000 milliseconds.

    If device implementations include android.hardware.microphone , they are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet these input audio requirements:

    • [C-SR] Cold input latency of 100 milliseconds or less over the microphone data path. Existing and new devices that run this version of Android are VERY STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet these requirements now. In a future platform release we will require Cold input latency of 200 ms or less as a MUST.

    • [C-SR] Continuous input latency of 30 milliseconds or less.
    • [C-SR] Minimize the cold input jitter.

  • 5.10 Professional Audio : Updates to audio latency requirements for professional audio support.

    See revision

    If device implementations report support for feature android.hardware.audio.pro via the android.content.pm.PackageManager class, they:

    • [C-1-2] MUST have the continuous round-trip audio latency, as defined in section 5.6 Audio Latency of 25 milliseconds or less and SHOULD be 10 milliseconds or less over at least one supported path.
    • [C-1-5] MUST meet latencies and USB audio requirements using the AAudio native audio API and AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY .
    • [C-1-8] MUST have an average Tap-to-tone latency of 80 milliseconds or less over at least 5 measurements over the speaker to microphone data path.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide a consistent level of CPU performance while audio is active and CPU load is varying. This should be tested using the Android app SynthMark . SynthMark uses a software synthesizer running on a simulated audio framework that measures system performance. See the SynthMark documentation for an explanation of the benchmarks. The SynthMark app needs to be run using the “Automated Test” option and achieve the following results: * voicemark.90 >= 32 voices * latencymark.fixed.little <= 15 msec * latencymark.dynamic.little <= 50 msec
    • SHOULD have a latency from touch input to audio output of less than or equal to 40 ms.

    If device implementations include a 4 conductor 3.5mm audio jack, they:

    • [C-2-1] MUST have a mean Continuous Round-trip Audio Latency, as defined in section 5.6 Audio Latency , of 20 milliseconds or less, over 5 measurements with a Mean Absolute Deviation less than 5 milliseconds over the audio jack path using an audio loopback dongle .

  • 5.12 HDR Video : Added a new section for HDR Video requirements.

6. Developer Tools and Options Compatibility

  • 6.1 Developer Tools : Updates to connectivity and GPU Kernel requirements.

    See revision

    If device implementations support adb connections to a host machine via Wi-Fi or Ethernet , they:

    • [C-4-1] MUST have the AdbManager#isAdbWifiSupported() method return true .

    If device implementations support adb connections to a host machine via Wi-Fi or Ethernet , and includes at least one camera, they:

    • [C-5-1] MUST have the AdbManager#isAdbWifiQrSupported() method return true .

    • GPU work information

      Device implementations:

      • [C-6-1] MUST implement the shell command dumpsys gpu --gpuwork to display the aggregated GPU work data returned by the power/gpu_work_period kernel tracepoint, or display no data if the tracepoint is not supported. The AOSP implementation is frameworks/native/services/gpuservice/gpuwork/ .

7. Hardware Compatibility

  • 7.1.4.1 OpenGL ES : Update to recommended extensions.

    See revision

    If device implementations support any of the OpenGL ES versions, they:

    • SHOULD support the EGL_IMG_context_priority and EGL_EXT_protected_content extensions.

  • 7.1.4.2 Vulkan : Updates to version supported for Vulkan.

    See revision

    If device implementations support OpenGL ES 3.1, they:

    • [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to include support for Vulkan 1.3 . Vulkan 1.1
    • MUST NOT support a Vulkan Variant version (ie the variant part of the Vulkan core version MUST be zero).

    If device implementations include a screen or video output, they:

    • [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to include support for Vulkan 1.3 . Vulkan 1.1

    If device implementations include support for Vulkan 1.0 or higher, they:

    • SHOULD support VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures and VK_EXT_global_priority .
    • [C-1-12] MUST NOT enumerate support for the VK_KHR_performance_query extension.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to satisfy the requirements specified by the Android Baseline 2021 profile.

  • 7.2.3 Navigation Keys :

    See revision

    Device implementations:

    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide all navigation functions as cancellable. 'Cancellable' is defined as the user's ability to prevent the navigation function from executing (eg going home, going back, etc.) if the swipe is not released past a certain threshold.

    If the back navigation function is provided and the user cancels the Back gesture, then:

    • [C-8-1] OnBackInvokedCallback.onBackCancelled() MUST be called.
    • [C-8-2] OnBackInvokedCallback.onBackInvoked() MUST NOT be called.
    • [C-8-3] KEYCODE_BACK event MUST NOT be dispatched.

    If the back navigation function is provided but the foreground application does NOT have an OnBackInvokedCallback registered, then:

    • The system SHOULD provide an animation for the foreground application that suggests that the user is going back, as provided in AOSP.

    If device implementations provide support for the system API setNavBarMode to allow any system app with android.permission.STATUS_BAR permission to set the navigation bar mode, then they:

    • [C-9-1] MUST provide support for kid-friendly icons or button-based navigation as provided in the AOSP code.

  • 7.3.1 Accelerometer : Updates to sensor requirements for accelerometers.

    See revision

    If device implementations include an accelerometer, a 3-axis accelerometer, they:

    • [C-1-2] MUST implement and report TYPE_ACCELEROMETER sensor.
    • [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement the TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION composite sensor.
    • [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement and report TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_UNCALIBRATED sensor. Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet this requirement so they will be able to upgrade to the future platform release where this might become REQUIRED.
    • SHOULD implement the TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION , TYPE_TILT_DETECTOR , TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR , TYPE_STEP_COUNTER composite sensors as described in the Android SDK document.

    If device implementations include a 3-axis accelerometer, they:

    • [C-2-1] MUST implement and report TYPE_ACCELEROMETER sensor.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement the TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION composite sensor.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement and report TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_UNCALIBRATED sensor. Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet this requirement so they will be able to upgrade to the future platform release where this might become REQUIRED.
    • SHOULD implement the TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION , TYPE_TILT_DETECTOR , TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR , TYPE_STEP_COUNTER composite sensors as described in the Android SDK document.

    If device implementations include an accelerometer with less than 3 axes, they:

    • [C-3-1] MUST implement and report TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_LIMITED_AXES sensor.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY_RECOMMENDED to implement and report TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_LIMITED_AXES_UNCALIBRATED sensor.

    If device implementations include a 3-axis accelerometer and any of the TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION , TYPE_TILT_DETECTOR , TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR , TYPE_STEP_COUNTER composite sensors are implemented:

    • [C-4-1] The sum of their power consumption MUST always be less than 4 mW.

    If device implementations include a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis gyroscope sensor, they:

    • [C-5-1] MUST implement the TYPE_GRAVITY and TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION composite sensors.

    If device implementations include a 3-axis accelerometer, a 3-axis gyroscope sensor, and a magnetometer sensor, they:

    • [C-6-1] MUST implement a TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR composite sensor.

  • 7.3.4 Gyroscopes : Updates to sensor requirements for gyroscopes.

    See revision

    If device implementations include a gyroscope, they:

    • [C-1-1] MUST be able to report events up to a frequency of at least 50 Hz.
    • [C-1-4] MUST have a resolution of 12-bits or more.
    • [C-1-5] MUST be temperature compensated.
    • [C-1-6] MUST be calibrated and compensated while in use, and preserve the compensation parameters between device reboots.
    • [C-1-7] MUST have a variance no greater than 1e-7 rad^2 / s^2 per Hz (variance per Hz, or rad^2 / s). The variance is allowed to vary with the sampling rate, but MUST be constrained by this value. In other words, if you measure the variance of the gyro at 1 Hz sampling rate it SHOULD be no greater than 1e-7 rad^2/s^2.
    • [C-SR] Calibration error is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to be less than 0.01 rad/s when device is stationary at room temperature.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have a resolution of 16-bits or more.
    • SHOULD report events up to at least 200 Hz.

    If device implementations include a 3-axis gyroscope, they:

    • [C-2-1] MUST implement the TYPE_GYROSCOPE sensor.

    If device implementations include a gyroscope with less than 3 axes, they:

    • [C-3-1] MUST implement and report TYPE_GYROSCOPE_LIMITED_AXES sensor.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY_RECOMMENDED to implement and report TYPE_GYROSCOPE_LIMITED_AXES_UNCALIBRATED sensor.

    If device implementations include a 3-axis gyroscope, an accelerometer sensor and a magnetometer sensor, they:

    • [C-4-1] MUST implement a TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR composite sensor.

    If device implementations include a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis gyroscope sensor, they:

    • [C-5-1] MUST implement the TYPE_GRAVITY and TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION composite sensors.

  • 7.3.10 Biometric Sensors : Updates to sensor requirements for biometric sensors.

    See revision

    Biometric sensors can be classified as Class 3 (formerly Strong ), Class 2 (formerly Weak ), or Class 1 (formerly Convenience ) based on their spoof and imposter acceptance rates, and on the security of the biometric pipeline. This classification determines the capabilities the biometric sensor has to interface with the platform and with third-party applications. Sensors need to meet additional requirements as detailed below if they wish to be classified as either Class 1 , Class 2 or Class 3 . Sensors are classified as Class 1 by default, and need to meet additional requirements as detailed below if they wish to be classified as either Class 2 or Class 3 . Both Class 2 and Class 3 biometrics get additional capabilities as detailed below.

    If device implementations wish to treat a biometric sensor as Class 1 (formerly Convenience ), they:

    • [C-1-11] MUST have a spoof and imposter acceptance rate not higher than 30%, with (1) a spoof and imposter acceptance rate for Level A presentation attack instrument (PAI) species not higher than 30%, and (2) a spoof and imposter acceptance rate of Level B PAI species not higher than 40%, as measured by the Android Biometrics Test Protocols.

    If device implementations wish to treat a biometric sensor as Class 2 (formerly Weak ), they:

    • [C-2-2] MUST have a spoof and imposter acceptance rate not higher than 20%, with (1) a spoof and imposter acceptance rate for Level A presentation attack instrument (PAI) species not higher than 20%, and (2) a spoof and imposter acceptance rate of Level B PAI species not higher than 30%, as measured by the Android Biometrics Test Protocols .

    If device implementations wish to treat a biometric sensor as Class 3 (formerly Strong ), they:

    • [C-3-3] MUST have a spoof and imposter acceptance rate not higher than 7%, with (1) a spoof and imposter acceptance rate for Level A presentation attack instrument (PAI) species not higher than 7%, and (2) a spoof and imposter acceptance rate of Level B PAI species not higher than 20%, as measured by the Android Biometrics Test Protocols .

  • 7.3.13 IEEE 802.1.15.4 (UWB) : Added a new requirements section for UWB.

    See revision

    7.3.13. IEEE 802.1.15.4 (UWB)

    If device implementations include support for 802.1.15.4 and expose the functionality to a third-party application, they:

    • [C-1-1] MUST implement the corresponding Android API in android.uwb.
    • [C-1-2] MUST report the hardware feature flag android.hardware.uwb.
    • [C-1-3] MUST support all the relevant UWB profiles defined in Android implementation.
    • [C-1-4] MUST provide a user affordance to allow the user to toggle the UWB radio on/off state.
    • [C-1-5] MUST enforce that apps using UWB radio hold UWB_RANGING permission (under NEARBY_DEVICES permission group).
    • [C-1-6] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to pass the relevant conformance and certification tests defined by standard organizations, including FIRA , CCC and CSA .

  • 7.4.1 Telephony : Updates to telephony requirements for GSM and CDMA telephony, and cellular usage settings.

    See revision

    If device implementations support eUICCs or eSIMs/embedded SIMs and include a proprietary mechanism to make eSIM functionality available for third-party developers, they:

    If device implementations include GSM or CDMA telephony, then:

    If the device device implementations include GSM or CDMA telephony and provide a system status bar, then:

    • [C-6-7] MUST select a representative active subscription for a given group UUID to display to the user in any affordances that provide SIM status information. Examples of such affordances include the status bar cellular signal icon or quick settings tile.
    • [C-SR] It is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED that the representative subscription is chosen to be the active data subscription unless the device is in a voice call, during which it is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED that the representative subscription is the active voice subscription.

    If device implementations include GSM or CDMA telephony, then:

    • [C-6-8] MUST be capable of opening and concurrently utilizing the maximum number of logical channels (20 in total) for each UICC per ETSI TS 102 221.
    • [C-6-10] MUST NOT apply any of the following behaviors to active carrier apps (as designated by TelephonyManager#getCarrierServicePackageName ) automatically or without explicit user confirmation:
      • Revoke or limit network access
      • Revoke permissions
      • Restrict background or foreground app execution beyond the existing power management features included in AOSP
      • Disable or uninstall the app

    If device device implementations include GSM or CDMA telephony and all active, non-opportunistic subscriptions that share a group UUID are disabled, physically removed from the device, or marked opportunistic, then the device:

    • [C-7-1] MUST automatically disable all remaining active opportunistic subscriptions in the same group.

    If device implementations include GSM telephony but not CDMA telephony, they:

    If the device implementations support eUICCs with multiple ports and profiles, they:

  • 7.4.1.1 Number Blocking Compatibility : Updates to the number blocking requirements.

    See revision

    If device implementations report the android.hardware.telephony feature , they:

    • [C-1-4] MUST write to the platform call log provider for a blocked call and MUST filter calls with BLOCKED_TYPE out of the default call log view in the pre-installed dialer app.
    • SHOULD provide a user affordance to show blocked calls in the pre-installed dialer app.

  • 7.4.1.3 Cellular NAT-T Keepalive Offload : New section for Cellular NAT-T Keepalive Offload.

    See revision

    7.4.1.3. Cellular NAT-T Keepalive Offload

    Device implementations:

    • SHOULD include support for Cellular keepalive offload.

    If device implementations include support for Cellular keepalive offload and exposes the functionality to third-party apps, they:

    • [C-1-1] MUST support the SocketKeepAlive API.
    • [C-1-2] MUST support at least one concurrent keepalive slot over cellular.
    • [C-1-3] MUST support as many concurrent cellular keepalive slots as are supported by the Cellular Radio HAL.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support at least three cellular keepalive slots per radio instance.

    If device implementations do not include support for cellular keepalive offload, they:

    • [C-2-1] MUST return ERROR_UNSUPPORTED.

  • 7.4.2.5 Wi-Fi Location (Wi-Fi Round Trip Time - RTT) : Updates to Wi-Fi location accuracy.

    See revision

    If device implementations include support for Wi-Fi Location and expose the functionality to third-party apps, then they:

    • [C-1-4] MUST be accurate to within 2 meters at 80 MHz bandwidth at the 68th percentile (as calculated with the Cumulative Distribution Function).
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to report it accurately to within 1.5 meters at 80 MHz bandwidth at the 68th percentile (as calculated with the Cumulative Distribution Function).

  • 7.4.2.6 Wi-Fi Keepalive Offload : Updated to add cellular keepalive offload requirements.

    See revision

    Device implementations:

    • SHOULD include support for Wi-Fi keepalive offload.

    If device implementations include support for Wi-Fi keepalive offload and expose the functionality to third-party apps, they:

    • [C-1-1] MUST support the SocketKeepAlive API.
    • [C-1-2] MUST support at least three concurrent keepalive slots over Wi-Fi
      and at least one keepalive slot over cellular.

    If device implementations do not include support for Wi-Fi keepalive offload, they:

  • 7.4.2.9 Trust On First Use (TOFU) : Added Trust on First Use requirements section.

    See revision

    7.4.2.9 Trust On First Use (TOFU)

    If device implementations support Trust on first usage (TOFU) and allow the user to define WPA/WPA2/WPA3-Enterprise configurations, then they:

    • [C-4-1] MUST provide the user an option to select to use TOFU.

  • 7.4.3 Bluetooth : Update to Bluetooth requirements.

    See revision

    If device implementations support Bluetooth Audio profile, they:

    • SHOULD support Advanced Audio Codecs and Bluetooth Audio Codecs (eg LDAC) with A2DP.

    If device implementations return true for the BluetoothAdapter.isLeAudioSupported() API, then they:

    • [C-7-1] MUST support unicast client.
    • [C-7-2] MUST support 2M PHY.
    • [C-7-3] MUST support LE Extended advertising.
    • [C-7-4] MUST support at least 2 CIS connections in a CIG.
    • [C-7-5] MUST enable BAP unicast client, CSIP set coordinator, MCP server, VCP controller, CCP server simultaneously.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to enable HAP unicast client.

    If device implementations return true for the BluetoothAdapter.isLeAudioBroadcastSourceSupported() API, then they:

    • [C-8-1] MUST support at least 2 BIS links in a BIG.
    • [C-8-2] MUST enable BAP broadcast source, BAP broadcast assistant simultaneously.
    • [C-8-3] MUST support LE Periodic advertising.

    If device implementations return true for the BluetoothAdapter.isLeAudioBroadcastAssistantSupported() API, then they:

    • [C-9-1] MUST support PAST (Periodic Advertising Sync Transfer).
    • [C-9-2] MUST support LE Periodic advertising.

    If device implementations declare FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE , they:

    • [C-10-1] MUST have RSSI measurements be within +/-9dB for 95% of the measurements at 1m distance from a reference device transmitting at ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH in line of sight environment.
    • [C-10-2] MUST include Rx/Tx corrections to reduce per-channel deviations so that the measurements on each of the 3 channels, on each of the antennas (if multiple are used), are within +/-3dB of one another for 95% of the measurements.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to measure and compensate for Rx offset to ensure the median BLE RSSI is -60dBm +/-10 dB at 1m distance from a reference device transmitting at ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH , where devices are oriented such that they are on 'parallel planes' with screens facing the same direction.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to measure and compensate for Tx offset to ensure the median BLE RSSI is -60dBm +/-10 dB when scanning from a reference device positioned at 1m distance and transmitting at ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH , where devices are oriented such that they are on 'parallel planes' with screens facing the same direction.

    It is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to follow the measurement setup steps specified in Presence Calibration Requirements .

    If device implementations support Bluetooth version 5.0, then they:

    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide support for:
      • LE 2M PHY
      • LE Codec PHY
      • LE Advertising Extension
      • Periodic advertising
      • At least 10 advertisement sets
      • At least 8 LE concurrent connections. Each connection can be in either connection topology roles.
      • LE Link Layer Privacy
      • A "resolving list" size of at least 8 entries

  • 7.4.9 UWB : Added a requirements section for UWB hardware.

    See revision

    7.4.9. UWB

    If device implementations report support for feature android.hardware.uwb via the android.content.pm.PackageManager class, then they:

    • [C-1-1] MUST ensure the distance measurements are within +/-15 cm for 95% of the measurements in the line of sight environment at 1m distance in a non-reflective chamber.
    • [C-1-2] MUST ensure that the median of the distance measurements at 1m from the reference device is within [0.75m, 1.25m], where ground truth distance is measured from the top edge of the DUT held face up and tilted 45 degrees.

    It is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to follow the measurement setup steps specified in Presence Calibration Requirements .

  • 7.5 Cameras : Updates to the requirements for HDR 10-bit output capability.

    See revision

    If device implementations support HDR 10-bit output capability, then they:

    • [C-2-1] MUST support at least the HLG HDR profile for every camera device that supports 10-bit output.
    • [C-2-2] MUST support 10-bit output for either the primary rear-facing or the primary front-facing camera.
    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support 10-bit output for both primary cameras.
    • [C-2-3] MUST support the same HDR profiles for all BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE-capable physical sub-cameras of a logical camera, and the logical camera itself.

    For Logical camera devices which support 10-bit HDR that implement the android.hardware.camera2.CaptureRequest#CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO API, they:

    • [C-3-1] MUST support switching between all the backwards-compatible physical cameras via the CONTROL_ZOOM_RATIO control on the logical camera.

  • 7.7.2 USB Host Mode : Revisions for dual role ports.

    See revision

    If device implementations include a USB port supporting host mode and USB Type-C, they:

    • [C-4-1] MUST implement Dual Role Port functionality as defined by the USB Type-C specification (section 4.5.1.3.3). For Dual Role Ports, On devices that include a 3.5mm audio jack, the USB sink detection (host mode) MAY be off by default but it MUST be possible for the user to enable it.

  • 7.11 Media Performance Class : Updated to include Android T.

    See revision

    If device implementations return non-zero value for android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.MEDIA_PERFORMANCE_CLASS , they:

    • [C-1-3] MUST meet all requirements for "Media Performance Class" described in section 2.2.7 .

    In other words, media performance class in Android T is only defined for handheld devices at version T, S or R.

    See section 2.2.7 for device-specific requirements.

9. Security Model Compatibility

  • 9.1 Permissions : Extend accepted paths for permissions allowlists for preinstalled apps to APEX files.

    See revision

    • [C-0-2] Permissions with a protectionLevel of PROTECTION_FLAG_PRIVILEGED MUST only be granted to apps preinstalled in the privileged path(s) of the system image (as well as APEX files ) and be within the subset of the explicitly allowlisted permissions for each app. The AOSP implementation meets this requirement by reading and honoring the allowlisted permissions for each app from the files in the etc/permissions/ path and using the system/priv-app path as the privileged path.

  • 9.7 Security Features : Updates to initialization requirements to maintain kernel integrity.

    See revision

    Kernel integrity and self-protection features are integral to Android security. Device implementations:

    • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to enable stack initialization in the kernel to prevent uses of uninitialized local variables ( CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL or CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO ). Also, device implementations SHOULD NOT assume the value used by the compiler to initialize the locals.

  • 9.8.7 Privacy — Clipboard Access : Automatically clear clipboard data after 60 minutes following a cut/copy/paste activity to protect user privacy.

    See revision

    Device implementations:

    • [C-0-1] MUST NOT return a clipped data from the clipboard (eg via the ClipboardManager API) unless the 3rd-party app is the default IME or is the app that currently has focus.
    • [C-0-2] MUST clear clipboard data at most 60 minutes after it has last been placed in a clipboard or read from a clipboard.

  • 9.11 Keys and Credentials : Updates to the secure lock screen requirements, including the addition of ECDH and 3DES to crypto algorithms.

    See revision

    When the device implementation supports a secure lock screen, it:

    • [C-1-2] MUST have implementations of RSA, AES, ECDSA, ECDH (if IKeyMintDevice is supported), 3DES, and HMAC cryptographic algorithms and MD5, SHA1, and SHA-2 family hash functions to properly support the Android Keystore system's supported algorithms in an area that is securely isolated from the code running on the kernel and above. Secure isolation MUST block all potential mechanisms by which kernel or userspace code might access the internal state of the isolated environment, including DMA. The upstream Android Open Source Project (AOSP) meets this requirement by using the Trusty implementation, but another ARM TrustZone-based solution or a third-party reviewed secure implementation of a proper hypervisor-based isolation are alternative options.

  • 9.11.1 Secure Lock Screen, Authentication, and Virtual Devices : Added requirements section for virtual devices and authentication transfers.

    See revision

    If device implementations add or modify the authentication methods to unlock the lock screen and a new authentication method is based on a physical token or the location:

    • [C-6-3] The user MUST be challenged for one of the recommended primary authentication methods (egPIN, pattern, password) at least once every 4 hours or less. When a physical token meets the requirements for TrustAgent implementations in CX, timeout restrictions defined in C-9-5 apply instead.

    If device implementations allow applications to create secondary virtual displays and do not support associated input events, such as via VirtualDeviceManager , they:

    • [C-9-1] MUST lock these secondary virtual display(s) when the device's default display is locked, and unlock these secondary virtual display(s) when the device's default display is unlocked.

    If device implementations allow applications to create secondary virtual displays and support associated input events, such as via VirtualDeviceManager , they:

    • [C-10-1] MUST support separate lock states per virtual device
    • [C-10-2] MUST disconnect all virtual devices upon idle timeout
    • [C-10-3] MUST have an idle timeout
    • [C-10-4] MUST lock all displays when the user initiates a lockdown , including via the lockdown user affordance required for handheld devices (see Section 2.2.5[9.11/H-1-2] )
    • [C-10-5] MUST have separate virtual device instances per user
    • [C-10-6] MUST disable the creation of associated input events via VirtualDeviceManager when indicated by DevicePolicyManager.setNearbyAppStreamingPolicy
    • [C-10-7] MUST use a separate clipboard solely for each virtual device (or disable the clipboard for virtual devices)
    • [C-10-11] MUST disable authentication UI on virtual devices, including knowledge factor entry and biometric prompt
    • [C-10-12] MUST restrict intents initiated from a virtual device to display only on the same virtual device
    • [C-10-13] MUST not use a virtual device lock state as user authentication authorization with the Android Keystore System. See KeyGenParameterSpec.Builder.setUserAuthentication* .

    When device implementations allow the user to transfer the primary authentication knowledge-factor from a source device to a target device, such as for initial setup of the target device, they:

    • [C-11-1] MUST encrypt the knowledge-factor with protection guarantees similar to those described in the Google Cloud Key Vault Service security whitepaper when transferring the knowledge-factor from the source device to the target device such that the knowledge-factor cannot be remotely decrypted or used to remotely unlock either device.
    • [C-11-2] MUST, on the source device , ask the user to confirm the knowledge-factor of the source device before transferring the knowledge-factor to the target device.
    • [C-11-3] MUST, on a target device lacking any set primary authentication knowledge-factor, ask the user to confirm a transferred knowledge-factor on the target device before setting that knowledge-factor as the primary authentication knowledge-factor for the target device and before making available any data transferred from a source device.

    If device implementations have a secure lock screen and include one or more trust agents, which call the TrustAgentService.grantTrust() System API with the FLAG_GRANT_TRUST_TEMPORARY_AND_RENEWABLE flag they:

    • [C-12-1] MUST only call grantTrust() with the flag when connected to a proximate physical device with a lockscreen of its own, and when the user has authenticated their identity against that lockscreen. Proximate devices can use on-wrist or on-body detection mechanisms after a one-time user unlock to satisfy the user authentication requirement.
    • [C-12-2] MUST put the device implementation into the TrustState.TRUSTABLE state when the screen is turned off (such as via a button press or display time out) and the TrustAgent has not revoked trust. The AOSP satisfies this requirement.
    • [C-12-3] MUST only move the device from TrustState.TRUSTABLE to the TrustState.TRUSTED state if the TrustAgent is still granting trust based on the requirements in C-12-1.
    • [C-12-4] MUST call TrustManagerService.revokeTrust() after a maximum of 24 hours from granting trust, an 8 hour idle window, or when the underlying connection to the proximate physical device is lost.

    If device implementations allow applications to create secondary virtual displays and support associated input events such as via VirtualDeviceManager and the displays are not marked with VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAG_SECURE, they:

    • [C-13-8] MUST block activities with the attribute android:canDisplayOnRemoteDevices or the meta-data android.activity.can_display_on_remote_devices set to false from being started on the virtualdevice.
    • [C-13-9] MUST block activities which do not explicitly enable streaming and which indicate they show sensitive content, including via SurfaceView#setSecure, FLAG_SECURE, or SYSTEM_FLAG_HIDE_NON_SYSTEM_OVERLAY_WINDOWS, from being started on the virtual device.
    • [C-13-10] MUST disable installation of apps initiated from virtual devices.

  • 9.11.2 Strongbox : Making insider attack resistance (IAR) a necessary requirement.

    See revision

    To validate compliance with [C-1-3] through [C-1-9], device implementations:

    • [C-SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide insider attack resistance (IAR), which means that an insider with access to firmware signing keys cannot produce firmware that causes the StrongBox to leak secrets, to bypass functional security requirements or otherwise enable access to sensitive user data. The recommended way to implement IAR is to allow firmware updates only when the primary user password is provided via the IAuthSecret HAL. IAR will become a MUST requirement in Android 14 (AOSP experimental).

  • 9.11.3 Identity Credential : Added information about the Identity Credential system reference implementation.

    See revision

    The Identity Credential System is defined and achieved by implementing all APIs in the android.security.identity.* package. These APIs allows app developers to store and retrieve user identity documents. Device implementations:

    The upstream Android Open Source Project provides a reference implementation of a trusted application ( libeic ) that can be used to implement the Identity Credential system.

  • 9.11.4 ID Attestation : Added a section for ID attestation requirement.

    See revision

    9.11.4. ID Attestation

    Device implementations MUST support ID attestation .

  • 9.17 Android Virtualization Framework : Added a requirements section for Android Virtualization Framework.

    See revision

    9.17. Android Virtualization Framework

    If the device implements support for the Android Virtualization Framework APIs ( android.system.virtualmachine.* ), the Android host:

    • [C-1-1] MUST support all the APIs defined by the android.system.virtualmachine.* package.
    • [C-1-2] MUST NOT modify the Android SELinux and permission model for the management of Protected Virtual Machines.
    • [C-1-3] MUST NOT modify, omit, or replace the neverallow rules present within the system/sepolicy provided in the upstream Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and the policy MUST compile with all neverallow rules present.
    • [C-1-4] MUST NOT allow untrusted code (eg 3p apps) to create and run a Protected Virtual Machine. Note: This might change in future Android releases.
    • [C-1-5] MUST NOT allow a Protected Virtual Machine to execute code that is not part of the factory image or their updates. Anything that is not covered by Android Verified Boot (eg files downloaded from the Internet or sideloaded) MUST NOT be allowed to be run in a Protected Virtual Machine.

    If the device implements support for the Android Virtualization Framework APIs ( android.system.virtualmachine.* ), then any Protected Virtual Machine instance:

    • [C-2-1] MUST be able to run all operating systems available in the virtualization APEX in a Protected Virtual Machine.
    • [C-2-2] MUST NOT allow a Protected Virtual Machine to run an operating system that is not signed by the device implementor or OS vendor.
    • [C-2-3] MUST NOT allow a Protected Virtual Machine to execute data as code (eg SELinux neverallow execmem).
    • [C-2-4] MUST NOT modify, omit, or replace the neverallow rules present within the system/sepolicy/microdroid provided in the upstream Android Open Source Project (AOSP).
    • [C-2-5] MUST implement Protected Virtual Machine defense-in-depth mechanisms (eg SELinux for pVMs) even for non-Microdroid operating systems.
    • [C-2-6] MUST ensure that the pVM firmware refuses to boot if it cannot verify the initial image.
    • [C-2-7] MUST ensure that the pVM firmware refuses to boot if the integrity of the instance.img is compromised.

    If the device implements support for the Android Virtualization Framework APIs ( android.system.virtualmachine.* ), then the hypervisor:

    • [C-3-1] MUST NOT allow any pVM to have access to a page belonging to another entity (ie other pVM or hypervisor), unless explicitly shared by the page owner. This includes the host VM. This applies to both CPU and DMA accesses.
    • [C-3-2] MUST wipe a page after it is used by a VM and before it is returned to the host (eg the pVM is destroyed).
    • [C-3-3] MUST ensure that the pVM firmware is loaded and executed prior to any code in a pVM.
    • [C-3-4] MUST ensure that BCC and CDIs provided to a pVM instance can only be derived by that particular instance.

    If the device implements support for the Android Virtualization Framework APIs, then across all areas:

    • [C-4-1] MUST NOT provide functionality to a pVM that allows bypassing the Android Security Model.

    If the device implements support for the Android Virtualization Framework APIs, then:

    • [C-5-1] MUST support Isolated Compilation of an ART runtime update.

    If the device implements support for the Android Virtualization Framework APIs, then for Key Management:

    • [C-6-1] MUST root DICE chain at a point that the user cannot modify, even on unlocked devices. (To ensure it cannot be spoofed).
    • [C-6-2] MUST do DICE properly ie provide the correct values. But it might not have to go to that level of detail.

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