تعريف التوافق مع أندرويد 9

1 المقدمة

يعدد هذا المستند المتطلبات التي يجب استيفاؤها حتى تكون الأجهزة متوافقة مع Android 9.

إن استخدام "يجب" و"يجب ألا" و"مطلوب" و"يجب" و"لا يجوز" و"ينبغي" و"ينبغي ألا" و"موصى به" و"قد" و"اختياري" هو وفقًا لـ IETF المعيار المحدد في RFC2119 .

كما هو مستخدم في هذا المستند، فإن "منفذ الجهاز" أو "المنفذ" هو شخص أو مؤسسة تقوم بتطوير حل أجهزة/برنامج يعمل بنظام التشغيل Android 9. "تنفيذ الجهاز" أو "التنفيذ" هو حل الأجهزة/البرمجيات الذي تم تطويره على هذا النحو.

لكي يتم اعتبارها متوافقة مع نظام التشغيل Android 9، يجب أن تستوفي تطبيقات الجهاز المتطلبات الواردة في تعريف التوافق هذا، بما في ذلك أي مستندات مدمجة عبر مرجع.

عندما يكون هذا التعريف أو اختبارات البرامج الموضحة في القسم 10 صامتة أو غامضة أو غير كاملة، تقع على عاتق منفذ الجهاز مسؤولية ضمان التوافق مع التطبيقات الحالية.

لهذا السبب، يعد مشروع Android مفتوح المصدر هو المرجع والتطبيق المفضل لنظام Android. يوصى بشدة بمنفذي الأجهزة أن يبنوا عملياتهم إلى أقصى حد ممكن على كود المصدر "المنبع" المتوفر من مشروع Android مفتوح المصدر. في حين أنه يمكن استبدال بعض المكونات افتراضيًا بتطبيقات بديلة، إلا أنه يوصى بشدة بعدم اتباع هذه الممارسة، لأن اجتياز اختبارات البرامج سيصبح أكثر صعوبة إلى حد كبير. تقع على عاتق المُنفِّذ مسؤولية ضمان التوافق السلوكي الكامل مع تطبيق Android القياسي، بما في ذلك مجموعة اختبار التوافق وما بعدها. أخيرًا، لاحظ أن بعض بدائل وتعديلات المكونات محظورة صراحةً بموجب هذه الوثيقة.

العديد من الموارد المرتبطة بهذا المستند مستمدة بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر من Android SDK وستكون متطابقة وظيفيًا مع المعلومات الموجودة في وثائق SDK تلك. في أي حالة لا يتفق فيها تعريف التوافق هذا أو مجموعة اختبار التوافق مع وثائق SDK، تعتبر وثائق SDK موثوقة. أي تفاصيل فنية مقدمة في الموارد المرتبطة في هذه الوثيقة تعتبر من خلال تضمينها جزءًا من تعريف التوافق هذا.

1.1 هيكل الوثيقة

1.1.1. المتطلبات حسب نوع الجهاز

يحتوي القسم 2 على جميع المتطلبات التي تنطبق على نوع جهاز معين. كل قسم فرعي من القسم 2 مخصص لنوع جهاز محدد.

جميع المتطلبات الأخرى، التي تنطبق عالميًا على أي تطبيقات لجهاز Android، مدرجة في الأقسام التالية للقسم 2 . تتم الإشارة إلى هذه المتطلبات باسم "المتطلبات الأساسية" في هذا المستند.

1.1.2. معرف المتطلبات

تم تعيين معرف المتطلبات لمتطلبات MUST.

• تم تعيين المعرف لمتطلبات MUST فقط.
• تم وضع علامة على المتطلبات الموصى بها بشدة على أنها [SR] ولكن لم يتم تعيين المعرف.
• يتكون المعرف من: معرف نوع الجهاز - معرف الحالة - معرف المتطلبات (على سبيل المثال C-0-1).

يتم تعريف كل معرف على النحو التالي:

• معرف نوع الجهاز (انظر المزيد في 2. أنواع الأجهزة )
  • C: Core (المتطلبات المطبقة على أي تطبيقات لجهاز Android)
  • H: جهاز محمول يعمل بنظام Android
  • T: جهاز تلفزيون أندرويد
  • ج: تطبيق Android Automotive
  • علامة التبويب: تطبيق Android Tablet
• معرف الحالة
  • عندما يكون المتطلب غير مشروط، يتم تعيين هذا المعرف على أنه 0.
  • عندما يكون المتطلب مشروطًا، يتم تعيين 1 للشرط الأول ويزداد الرقم بمقدار 1 داخل نفس القسم ونفس نوع الجهاز.
• معرف المتطلبات
  • يبدأ هذا المعرف من 1 ويزداد بمقدار 1 داخل نفس القسم ونفس الحالة.

1.1.3. معرف المتطلبات في القسم 2

يبدأ معرف المتطلبات في القسم 2 بمعرف القسم المقابل الذي يتبعه معرف المتطلبات الموضح أعلاه.

• يتكون المعرف الموجود في القسم 2 من: معرف القسم / معرف نوع الجهاز - معرف الحالة - معرف المتطلبات (على سبيل المثال 7.4.3/A-0-1).

2. أنواع الأجهزة

في حين أن مشروع Android مفتوح المصدر يوفر مجموعة برامج يمكن استخدامها لمجموعة متنوعة من أنواع الأجهزة وعوامل الشكل، إلا أن هناك عددًا قليلاً من أنواع الأجهزة التي تتمتع بنظام بيئي أفضل نسبيًا لتوزيع التطبيقات.

يصف هذا القسم أنواع الأجهزة هذه، بالإضافة إلى المتطلبات والتوصيات الإضافية المطبقة على كل نوع جهاز.

يجب أن تظل جميع تطبيقات أجهزة Android التي لا تتناسب مع أي من أنواع الأجهزة الموضحة متوافقة مع جميع المتطلبات الواردة في الأقسام الأخرى من تعريف التوافق هذا.

2.1 تكوينات الجهاز

للتعرف على الاختلافات الرئيسية في تكوين الأجهزة حسب نوع الجهاز، راجع المتطلبات الخاصة بالجهاز التالية في هذا القسم.

2.2. متطلبات المحمولة

يشير جهاز Android المحمول إلى تطبيق جهاز Android الذي يتم استخدامه عادةً عن طريق الإمساك به في اليد، مثل مشغل mp3 أو الهاتف أو الجهاز اللوحي.

يتم تصنيف تطبيقات أجهزة Android على أنها أجهزة محمولة إذا كانت تستوفي جميع المعايير التالية:

• أن يكون لديك مصدر طاقة يوفر إمكانية التنقل، مثل البطارية.
• أن يكون حجم الشاشة قطريًا فعليًا في حدود 2.5 إلى 8 بوصات.

المتطلبات الإضافية في بقية هذا القسم خاصة بتطبيقات أجهزة Android المحمولة.

2.2.1. المعدات

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 7.1 .1.1/H-0-1] يجب أن يكون لديك شاشة بحجم قطري فعلي لا يقل عن 2.5 بوصة.
• [ 7.1 .1.3/H-SR] يوصى بشدة بتزويد المستخدمين بإمكانية تغيير حجم العرض. (كثافة الشاشة)

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تطالب بدعم عرض النطاق الديناميكي العالي من خلال Configuration.isScreenHdr() ، فإنها:

• [ 7.1 .4.5/h-1-1] يجب VK_EXT_hdr_metadata يعلن عن دعم EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_bt2020_pq ، EGL_EXT_surface_SMPTE2086_metadata ، EGL_EXT_surface_CTA861_3_metadata ، VK_EXT_swapchain_colorspace ،

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 7.1 .5/H-0-1] يجب أن يتضمن دعمًا لوضع توافق التطبيقات القديم كما تم تنفيذه بواسطة التعليمات البرمجية مفتوحة المصدر لنظام Android. وهذا يعني أن تطبيقات الجهاز يجب ألا تغير المشغلات أو الحدود التي يتم عندها تنشيط وضع التوافق، ويجب ألا تغير سلوك وضع التوافق نفسه.
• [ 7.2 .1/H-0-1] يجب أن يتضمن دعمًا لتطبيقات محرر أسلوب الإدخال (IME) التابعة لجهات خارجية.
• [ 7.2 .3/H-0-1] يجب أن يوفر وظائف الصفحة الرئيسية والحديثة والرجوع.
• [ 7.2 .3/H-0-2] يجب إرسال حدث الضغط العادي والمطول لوظيفة Back ( KEYCODE_BACK ) إلى التطبيق الأمامي. يجب ألا يستهلك النظام هذه الأحداث ويمكن تشغيلها من خارج جهاز Android (على سبيل المثال، لوحة مفاتيح خارجية متصلة بجهاز Android).
• [ 7.2 .4/H-0-1] يجب أن يدعم إدخال شاشة اللمس.
• [ 7.2 .4/H-SR] يوصى بشدة بتشغيل تطبيق المساعدة الذي حدده المستخدم، وبعبارة أخرى، التطبيق الذي ينفذ VoiceInteractionService، أو نشاط يتعامل مع ACTION_ASSIST عند الضغط لفترة طويلة على KEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE أو KEYCODE_HEADSETHOOK إذا لم يحدث نشاط المقدمة التعامل مع تلك الأحداث الضغط لفترة طويلة.
• [ 7.3 .1/H-SR] يوصى بشدة أن يتضمن مقياس تسارع ثلاثي المحاور.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تشتمل على مقياس تسارع ثلاثي المحاور، فإنها:

• [ 7.3 .1/H-1-1] يجب أن يكون قادرًا على الإبلاغ عن الأحداث بتردد يصل إلى 100 هرتز على الأقل.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تشتمل على جيروسكوب، فإنها:

• [ 7.3 .4/H-1-1] يجب أن يكون قادرًا على الإبلاغ عن الأحداث بتردد يصل إلى 100 هرتز على الأقل.

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة التي يمكنها إجراء مكالمة صوتية والإشارة إلى أي قيمة بخلاف PHONE_TYPE_NONE في getPhoneType :

• [ 7.3 .8/H] يجب أن يشتمل على مستشعر القرب.

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 7.3 .12/H-SR] يوصى بدعم مستشعر الوضع مع 6 درجات من الحرية.
• [ 7.4 .3/H] يجب أن يتضمن دعمًا لـ Bluetooth وBluetooth LE.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تشتمل على اتصال مقنن، فإنها:

• [ 7.4 .7/H-1-1] يجب توفير وضع حفظ البيانات.

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 7.6 .1/H-0-1] يجب أن يكون لديك ما لا يقل عن 4 جيجابايت من مساحة التخزين غير المتطايرة المتاحة للبيانات الخاصة بالتطبيق (ويعرف أيضًا باسم قسم "/ البيانات").
• [ 7.6 .1/H-0-2] يجب أن يُرجع "صحيح" لـ ActivityManager.isLowRamDevice() عندما يكون هناك أقل من 1 جيجابايت من الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم.

إذا أعلنت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة عن دعم واجهة برمجة تطبيقات 32 بت فقط:

• [ 7.6 .1/H-1-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتوفرة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم 416 ميجابايت على الأقل إذا كانت الشاشة الافتراضية تستخدم دقة إطارات مخزن مؤقت تصل إلى qHD (على سبيل المثال FWVGA).

• [ 7.6 .1/H-2-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتوفرة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم 592 ميجابايت على الأقل إذا كانت شاشة العرض الافتراضية تستخدم دقة مخزن إطارات تصل إلى HD+ (على سبيل المثال HD، WSVGA).

• [ 7.6 .1/H-3-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتوفرة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم 896 ميجابايت على الأقل إذا كانت الشاشة الافتراضية تستخدم دقة مخزن إطارات تصل إلى FHD (على سبيل المثال WSXGA+).

• [ 7.6 .1/H-4-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتوفرة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم 1344 ميجا بايت على الأقل إذا كانت الشاشة الافتراضية تستخدم دقة الإطارات المؤقتة حتى QHD (على سبيل المثال QWXGA).

إذا أعلنت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة دعمها لأي واجهة برمجة تطبيقات 64 بت (مع أو بدون أي واجهة برمجة تطبيقات 32 بت):

• [ 7.6 .1/H-5-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتوفرة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم 816 ميجابايت على الأقل إذا كانت الشاشة الافتراضية تستخدم دقة إطارات مخزن مؤقت تصل إلى qHD (على سبيل المثال FWVGA).

• [ 7.6 .1/H-6-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتوفرة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم 944 ميجابايت على الأقل إذا كانت شاشة العرض الافتراضية تستخدم دقة مخزن إطارات تصل إلى HD+ (على سبيل المثال HD، WSVGA).

• [ 7.6 .1/H-7-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتوفرة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم 1280 ميجابايت على الأقل إذا كانت الشاشة الافتراضية تستخدم دقة مخزن إطارات تصل إلى FHD (على سبيل المثال WSXGA+).

• [ 7.6 .1/H-8-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتوفرة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم 1824 ميجا بايت على الأقل إذا كانت الشاشة الافتراضية تستخدم دقة الإطارات المؤقتة حتى QHD (على سبيل المثال QWXGA).

لاحظ أن "الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم" أعلاه تشير إلى مساحة الذاكرة المتوفرة بالإضافة إلى أي ذاكرة مخصصة بالفعل لمكونات الأجهزة مثل الراديو والفيديو وما إلى ذلك والتي لا تخضع لتحكم kernel في تطبيقات الجهاز.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تتضمن أقل من أو تساوي 1 جيجابايت من الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم، فإنها:

• [ 7.6 .1/H-9-1] يجب الإعلان عن علامة الميزة android.hardware.ram.low .
• [ 7.6 .1/H-9-2] يجب أن يكون لديك ما لا يقل عن 1.1 جيجابايت من مساحة التخزين غير المتطايرة للبيانات الخاصة بالتطبيق (المعروف أيضًا باسم قسم "/ البيانات").

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تشتمل على أكثر من 1 جيجابايت من الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم، فإنها:

• [ 7.6 .1/H-10-1] يجب أن يكون لديك ما لا يقل عن 4 جيجابايت من مساحة التخزين غير المتطايرة المتاحة للبيانات الخاصة بالتطبيق (المعروف أيضًا باسم قسم "/ البيانات").
• يجب أن تعلن عن علامة الميزة android.hardware.ram.normal .

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 7.6 .2/H-0-1] يجب ألا يوفر تطبيق مساحة تخزين مشتركة أصغر من 1 جيجا بايت.
• [ 7.7 .1/H] يجب أن يشتمل على منفذ USB يدعم الوضع المحيطي.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تشتمل على منفذ USB يدعم الوضع الطرفي، فإنها:

• [ 7.7 .1/H-1-1] يجب تنفيذ واجهة برمجة تطبيقات Android Open Accessories (AOA).

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 7.8 .1/H-0-1] يجب أن يشتمل على ميكروفون.
• [ 7.8 .2/H-0-1] يجب أن يكون لديك مخرج صوت وأن تعلن عن android.hardware.audio.output .

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة قادرة على تلبية جميع متطلبات الأداء لدعم وضع الواقع الافتراضي وتتضمن دعمًا له، فإنها:

• [ 7.9 .1/H-1-1] يجب أن يعلن عن علامة الميزة android.hardware.vr.high_performance .
• [ 7.9 .1/H-1-2] يجب أن يتضمن تطبيقًا ينفذ android.service.vr.VrListenerService الذي يمكن تمكينه بواسطة تطبيقات الواقع الافتراضي عبر android.app.Activity#setVrModeEnabled .

2.2.2. الوسائط المتعددة

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة ترميز الصوت التالي:

• [ 5.1 .1/H-0-1] عمرو-NB
• [ 5.1 .1/H-0-2] AMR-WB
• [ 5.1 .1/H-0-3] ملف MPEG-4 AAC (AAC LC)
• [ 5.1 .1/H-0-4] ملف MPEG-4 HE AAC (AAC+)
• [ 5.1 .1/H-0-5] AAC ELD (AAC بتأخير منخفض محسّن)

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة فك تشفير الصوت التالي:

• [ 5.1 .2/H-0-1] عمرو-NB
• [ 5.1 .2/H-0-2] AMR-WB

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة ترميز الفيديو التالي وإتاحته لتطبيقات الجهات الخارجية:

• [ 5.2 /H-0-1] H.264 AVC
• [ 5.2 /ح-0-2] VP8

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة فك تشفير الفيديو التالي:

• [ 5.3 /H-0-1] H.264 AVC
• [ 5.3 /H-0-2] H.265 HEVC
• [ 5.3 /H-0-3] MPEG-4 SP
• [ 5.3 /ح-0-4] VP8
• [ 5.3 /ح-0-5] VP9

2.2.3. برمجة

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 3.2.3.1 /H-0-1] يجب أن يكون لديك تطبيق يتعامل مع أهداف ACTION_GET_CONTENT و ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT و ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE و ACTION_CREATE_DOCUMENT كما هو موضح في مستندات SDK، ويوفر للمستخدم القدرة على الوصول إلى بيانات موفر المستند باستخدام DocumentsProvider API.
• [ 3.4 .1/H-0-1] يجب أن يوفر تطبيقًا كاملاً لواجهة برمجة تطبيقات android.webkit.Webview .
• [ 3.4 .2/H-0-1] يجب أن يتضمن تطبيق متصفح مستقل لتصفح الويب للمستخدم العام.
• [ 3.8 .1/H-SR] يُنصح بشدة بتنفيذ مشغل افتراضي يدعم تثبيت الاختصارات وعناصر واجهة المستخدم وميزات عناصر واجهة المستخدم داخل التطبيق.
• [ 3.8 .1/H-SR] يُنصح بشدة بتنفيذ مشغل افتراضي يوفر وصولاً سريعًا إلى الاختصارات الإضافية التي توفرها تطبيقات الطرف الثالث من خلال ShortcutManager API.
• [ 3.8 .1/H-SR] يُنصح بشدة بتضمين تطبيق Launcher افتراضي يعرض شارات لأيقونات التطبيق.
• [ 3.8 .2/H-SR] يُنصح بشدة بدعم أدوات تطبيقات الطرف الثالث.
• [ 3.8 .3/H-0-1] يجب أن يسمح لتطبيقات الطرف الثالث بإخطار المستخدمين بالأحداث البارزة من خلال فئات Notification و NotificationManager API.
• [ 3.8 .3/H-0-2] يجب أن يدعم الإشعارات الغنية.
• [ 3.8 .3/H-0-3] يجب أن يدعم الإشعارات الفردية.
• [ 3.8 .3/H-0-4] يجب أن يتضمن مركزًا للإشعارات، مما يوفر للمستخدم القدرة على التحكم المباشر (على سبيل المثال، الرد أو التأجيل أو الرفض أو الحظر) في الإشعارات من خلال إمكانيات المستخدم مثل أزرار الإجراءات أو لوحة التحكم كما تم تنفيذها في AOSP.
• [ 3.8 .3/H-0-5] يجب أن يعرض الاختيارات المقدمة من خلال RemoteInput.Builder setChoices() في مركز الإشعارات.
• [ 3.8 .3/H-SR] يُنصح بشدة بعرض الخيار الأول المقدم من خلال RemoteInput.Builder setChoices() في مركز الإشعارات دون تدخل إضافي من المستخدم.
• [ 3.8 .3/H-SR] يوصى بشدة بعرض جميع الاختيارات المقدمة من خلال RemoteInput.Builder setChoices() في مركز الإشعارات عندما يقوم المستخدم بتوسيع جميع الإشعارات في مركز الإشعارات.
• [ 3.8 .4/H-SR] يوصى بشدة باستخدام مساعد على الجهاز للتعامل مع إجراء المساعدة .

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تدعم إجراء المساعدة، فإنها:

• [ 3.8 .4/H-SR] يُنصح بشدة باستخدام الضغط لفترة طويلة على مفتاح HOME كتفاعل مخصص لتشغيل تطبيق المساعدة كما هو موضح في القسم 7.2.3 . يجب تشغيل تطبيق المساعدة الذي حدده المستخدم، وبعبارة أخرى، التطبيق الذي ينفذ VoiceInteractionService ، أو نشاط يتعامل مع غرض ACTION_ASSIST .

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة Android المحمولة تدعم شاشة القفل، فإنها:

• [ 3.8 .10/H-1-1] يجب أن يعرض إشعارات شاشة القفل بما في ذلك نموذج إشعارات الوسائط.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تدعم شاشة قفل آمنة، فإنها:

• [ 3.9 /H-1-1] يجب تنفيذ النطاق الكامل لسياسات إدارة الجهاز المحددة في وثائق Android SDK.
• [ 3.9 /H-1-2] يجب الإعلان عن دعم ملفات التعريف المُدارة عبر علامة ميزة android.software.managed_users ، إلا عندما يتم تكوين الجهاز بحيث يُبلغ عن نفسه كجهاز ذو ذاكرة وصول عشوائي منخفضة أو بحيث يخصص داخليًا ( غير قابلة للإزالة) التخزين كمخزن مشترك.

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 3.10 /H-0-1] يجب أن يدعم خدمات إمكانية الوصول التابعة لجهات خارجية.
• [ 3.10 /H-SR] يُوصى بشدة بالتحميل المسبق لخدمات إمكانية الوصول على الجهاز المشابهة أو المتجاوزة لوظائف الوصول عبر Switch وTalkBack (لللغات التي يدعمها محرك تحويل النص إلى كلام المثبت مسبقًا) كما هو منصوص عليه في ميزة Talkback المفتوحة مشروع المصدر .
• [ 3.11 /H-0-1] يجب أن يدعم تثبيت محركات تحويل النص إلى كلام (TTS) التابعة لجهات خارجية.
• [ 3.11 /H-SR] يوصى بشدة بتضمين محرك TTS يدعم اللغات المتوفرة على الجهاز.
• [ 3.13 /H-SR] يوصى بشدة بتضمين مكون واجهة مستخدم الإعدادات السريعة.

إذا أعلنت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة التي تعمل بنظام التشغيل Android عن دعم FEATURE_BLUETOOTH أو FEATURE_WIFI ، فإنها:

• [ 3.16 /H-1-1] يجب أن يدعم ميزة إقران الجهاز المرافق.

2.2.4. الأداء والقوة

• [ 8.1 /H-0-1] زمن استجابة ثابت للإطار . يجب ألا يحدث زمن استجابة غير متناسق للإطار أو تأخير في عرض الإطارات أكثر من 5 إطارات في الثانية، ويجب أن يكون أقل من إطار واحد في الثانية.
• [ 8.1 /H-0-2] زمن استجابة واجهة المستخدم . يجب أن تضمن تطبيقات الأجهزة تجربة مستخدم منخفضة زمن الاستجابة من خلال تمرير قائمة من إدخالات القائمة التي يبلغ عددها 10 آلاف كما هو محدد بواسطة مجموعة اختبار توافق Android (CTS) في أقل من 36 ثانية.
• [ 8.1 /H-0-3] تبديل المهام . عند تشغيل تطبيقات متعددة، فإن إعادة تشغيل تطبيق قيد التشغيل بالفعل بعد تشغيله يجب أن تستغرق أقل من ثانية واحدة.

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 8.2 /H-0-1] يجب أن يضمن أداء كتابة متسلسل لا يقل عن 5 ميجابايت/ثانية.
• [ 8.2 /H-0-2] يجب أن يضمن أداء كتابة عشوائي لا يقل عن 0.5 ميجابايت/ثانية.
• [ 8.2 /H-0-3] يجب أن يضمن أداء قراءة تسلسلي لا يقل عن 15 ميجابايت/ثانية.
• [ 8.2 /H-0-4] يجب أن يضمن أداء قراءة عشوائي لا يقل عن 3.5 ميجابايت/ثانية.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تشتمل على ميزات لتحسين إدارة طاقة الجهاز المضمنة في AOSP أو توسيع الميزات المضمنة في AOSP، فإنها:

• [ 8.3 /H-1-1] يجب أن يوفر للمستخدم القدرة على تمكين وتعطيل ميزة توفير طاقة البطارية.
• [ 8.3 /H-1-2] يجب أن يوفر للمستخدم القدرة على عرض جميع التطبيقات المستثناة من أوضاع توفير الطاقة في وضع الاستعداد للتطبيق والتغفو.

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 8.4 /H-0-1] يجب توفير ملف تعريف طاقة لكل مكون يحدد قيمة الاستهلاك الحالية لكل مكون من مكونات الأجهزة واستنزاف البطارية التقريبي الناتج عن المكونات بمرور الوقت كما هو موثق في موقع مشروع Android مفتوح المصدر.
• [ 8.4 /H-0-2] يجب الإبلاغ عن جميع قيم استهلاك الطاقة بالمللي أمبير ساعة (mAh).
• [ 8.4 /H-0-3] يجب الإبلاغ عن استهلاك طاقة وحدة المعالجة المركزية لكل معرف فريد (UID) لكل عملية. يلبي مشروع Android مفتوح المصدر المتطلبات من خلال تنفيذ وحدة uid_cputime kernel.
• [ 8.4 /H-0-4] يجب أن يجعل استخدام الطاقة هذا متاحًا عبر أمر adb shell dumpsys batterystats Shell لمطور التطبيق.
• [ 8.4 /H] يجب أن يُنسب إلى مكون الجهاز نفسه إذا كان غير قادر على إسناد استخدام طاقة مكون الجهاز إلى أحد التطبيقات.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة تشتمل على شاشة أو مخرج فيديو، فإنها:

• [ 8.4 /H-1-1] يجب أن يحترم هدف android.intent.action.POWER_USAGE_SUMMARY ويعرض قائمة الإعدادات التي توضح استخدام الطاقة هذا.

2.2.5. نموذج الأمان

تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة:

• [ 9.1 /H-0-1] يجب السماح لتطبيقات الطرف الثالث بالوصول إلى إحصائيات الاستخدام عبر إذن android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS وتوفير آلية يمكن للمستخدم الوصول إليها لمنح أو إلغاء الوصول إلى هذه التطبيقات استجابةً android.settings.ACTION_USAGE_ACCESS_SETTINGS . android.settings.ACTION_USAGE_ACCESS_SETTINGS القصد.

عندما تدعم تطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة شاشة قفل آمنة، فإنها:

• [ 9.11 /H-1-1] يجب أن يسمح للمستخدم باختيار أقصر مهلة للنوم، وهي فترة انتقالية من حالة إلغاء القفل إلى حالة القفل، مثل 15 ثانية أو أقل.
• [ 9.11 /H-1-2] يجب أن يوفر للمستخدم القدرة على إخفاء الإشعارات وتعطيل جميع أشكال المصادقة باستثناء المصادقة الأساسية الموضحة في 9.11.1 شاشة القفل الآمنة . يلبي AOSP متطلبات وضع التأمين.

2.3. متطلبات التلفزيون

يشير جهاز Android Television إلى تطبيق جهاز Android الذي يمثل واجهة ترفيهية لاستهلاك الوسائط الرقمية و/أو الأفلام و/أو الألعاب و/أو التطبيقات و/أو البث التلفزيوني المباشر للمستخدمين الذين يجلسون على بعد حوالي عشرة أقدام ("مستخدم مستريح" أو "مستخدم يبلغ طوله 10 أقدام" واجهه المستخدم").

يتم تصنيف تطبيقات أجهزة Android على أنها تلفزيون إذا كانت تستوفي جميع المعايير التالية:

• توفير آلية للتحكم عن بعد في واجهة المستخدم المعروضة على الشاشة والتي قد تكون على بعد عشرة أقدام من المستخدم.
• احصل على شاشة عرض مدمجة بطول قطري أكبر من 24 بوصة أو قم بتضمين منفذ إخراج فيديو، مثل VGA أو HDMI أو DisplayPort أو منفذ لاسلكي للعرض.

المتطلبات الإضافية في بقية هذا القسم خاصة بتطبيقات أجهزة Android Television.

2.3.1. المعدات

تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون:

• [ 7.2 .2/T-0-1] يجب أن يدعم D-pad .
• [ 7.2 .3/T-0-1] يجب أن يوفر وظائف الصفحة الرئيسية والخلفية.
• [ 7.2 .3/T-0-2] يجب إرسال حدث الضغط العادي والمطول لوظيفة Back ( KEYCODE_BACK ) إلى التطبيق الأمامي.
• [ 7.2 .6.1/T-0-1] يجب أن يتضمن دعمًا لوحدات التحكم في الألعاب والإعلان عن علامة ميزة android.hardware.gamepad .
• [ 7.2 .7/T] يجب أن يوفر جهاز تحكم عن بعد يمكن للمستخدمين من خلاله الوصول إلى مدخلات التنقل التي لا تعمل باللمس ومفاتيح التنقل الأساسية .

إذا كانت تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون تشتمل على جيروسكوب، فإنها:

• [ 7.3 .4/T-1-1] يجب أن يكون قادرًا على الإبلاغ عن الأحداث بتردد يصل إلى 100 هرتز على الأقل.

تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون:

• [ 7.4 .3/T-0-1] يجب أن يدعم تقنية Bluetooth وBluetooth LE.
• [ 7.6 .1/T-0-1] يجب أن يكون لديك ما لا يقل عن 4 جيجابايت من مساحة التخزين غير المتطايرة المتاحة للبيانات الخاصة بالتطبيق (ويعرف أيضًا باسم قسم "/ البيانات").

إذا كانت تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون تشتمل على منفذ USB يدعم وضع المضيف، فإنها:

• [ 7.5 .3/T-1-1] يجب أن يتضمن دعمًا لكاميرا خارجية تتصل عبر منفذ USB هذا ولكنها ليست بالضرورة متصلة دائمًا.

إذا كانت تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون 32 بت:

• [ 7.6 .1/T-1-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتوفرة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم 896 ميجابايت على الأقل في حالة استخدام أي من الكثافات التالية:

  • 400 نقطة في البوصة أو أعلى على الشاشات الصغيرة/العادية
  • xhdpi أو أعلى على الشاشات الكبيرة
  • tvdpi أو أعلى على الشاشات الكبيرة جدًا

إذا كانت تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون 64 بت:

• [ 7.6 .1/T-2-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتوفرة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم 1280 ميجابايت على الأقل في حالة استخدام أي من الكثافات التالية:

  • 400 نقطة في البوصة أو أعلى على الشاشات الصغيرة/العادية
  • xhdpi أو أعلى على الشاشات الكبيرة
  • tvdpi أو أعلى على الشاشات الكبيرة جدًا

لاحظ أن "الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم" أعلاه تشير إلى مساحة الذاكرة المتوفرة بالإضافة إلى أي ذاكرة مخصصة بالفعل لمكونات الأجهزة مثل الراديو والفيديو وما إلى ذلك والتي لا تخضع لتحكم kernel في تطبيقات الجهاز.

تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون:

• [ 7.8 .1/T] يجب أن يشتمل على ميكروفون.
• [ 7.8 .2/T-0-1] يجب أن يكون لديك مخرج صوت وأن تعلن عن android.hardware.audio.output .

2.3.2. الوسائط المتعددة

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون تنسيقات ترميز الصوت التالية:

• [ 5.1 /T-0-1] ملف MPEG-4 AAC (AAC LC)
• [ 5.1 /T-0-2] ملف MPEG-4 HE AAC (AAC+)
• [ 5.1 /T-0-3] AAC ELD (AAC بتأخير منخفض محسّن)

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون تنسيقات ترميز الفيديو التالية:

• [ 5.2 /ت-0-1] ح.264
• [ 5.2 /ت-0-2] VP8

تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون:

• [ 5.2 .2/T-SR] يوصى بشدة بدعم تشفير H.264 لمقاطع الفيديو بدقة 720 بكسل و1080 بكسل بمعدل 30 إطارًا في الثانية.

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون تنسيقات فك تشفير الفيديو التالية:

• [ 5.3.3 /T-0-1] MPEG-4 SP
• [ 5.3.4 /T-0-2] H.264 AVC
• [ 5.3.5 /T-0-3] H.265 HEVC
• [ 5.3.6 /T-0-4] VP8
• [ 5.3.7 /T-0-5] VP9

يوصى بشدة بتطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون لدعم تنسيقات فك تشفير الفيديو التالية:

• [ 5.3.1 /T-SR] MPEG-2

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون فك تشفير H.264، كما هو مفصل في القسم 5.3.4، بمعدلات إطارات فيديو قياسية ودقة تصل إلى وتتضمن:

• [ 5.3.4 .4/T-1-1] دقة HD 1080p بمعدل 60 إطارًا في الثانية مع ملف تعريف Basline
• [ 5.3.4 .4/T-1-2] HD 1080p بمعدل 60 إطارًا في الثانية مع الملف الرئيسي
• [ 5.3.4 .4/T-1-3] دقة HD 1080p بمعدل 60 إطارًا في الثانية مع مستوى الملف الشخصي العالي 4.2

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون المزودة بأجهزة فك ترميز H.265 فك تشفير H.265، كما هو مفصل في القسم 5.3.5، بمعدلات إطارات فيديو قياسية ودقة تصل إلى وتتضمن:

• [ 5.3.5 .4/T-1-1] دقة HD 1080p بمعدل 60 إطارًا في الثانية مع مستوى الملف الشخصي الرئيسي 4.1

إذا كانت تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون مع أجهزة فك ترميز الأجهزة H.265 تدعم فك تشفير H.265 وملف تعريف فك تشفير UHD، فإنها:

• [ 5.3.5 .5/T-2-1] يجب أن يدعم ملف تعريف فك تشفير UHD بمعدل 60 إطارًا في الثانية مع ملف تعريف الطبقة الرئيسية Main10 من المستوى 5.

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون فك تشفير VP8، كما هو مفصل في القسم 5.3.6، بمعدلات إطارات فيديو قياسية ودقة تصل إلى وتتضمن:

• [ 5.3.6 .4/T-1-1] HD 1080p بمعدل 60 إطارًا في الثانية لملف فك التشفير

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون المزودة بأجهزة فك تشفير الأجهزة VP9 فك تشفير VP9، كما هو مفصل في القسم 5.3.7، بمعدلات إطارات فيديو قياسية ودقة تصل إلى وتتضمن:

• [ 5.3.7 .4/T-1-1] دقة HD 1080p بمعدل 60 إطارًا في الثانية مع ملف تعريف 0 (عمق ألوان 8 بت)

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون المزودة بوحدات فك ترميز الأجهزة VP9 تدعم فك تشفير VP9 وملف تعريف فك تشفير UHD، فإنها:

• [ 5.3.7 .5/T-2-1] يجب أن يدعم ملف تعريف فك التشفير UHD بمعدل 60 إطارًا في الثانية مع ملف التعريف 0 (عمق ألوان 8 بت).
• [ 5.3.7 .5/T-2-1] يوصى بشدة بدعم ملف تعريف فك تشفير UHD بمعدل 60 إطارًا في الثانية مع ملف التعريف 2 (عمق ألوان 10 بت).

تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون:

• [ 5.5 .3/T-0-1] يجب أن يتضمن دعمًا لمستوى الصوت الرئيسي للنظام وتوهين مستوى صوت إخراج الصوت الرقمي على المخرجات المدعومة، باستثناء إخراج عبور الصوت المضغوط (حيث لا يتم فك تشفير الصوت على الجهاز).
• [ 5.8 /T-0-1] يجب ضبط وضع إخراج HDMI لتحديد الحد الأقصى للدقة التي يمكن دعمها بمعدل تحديث 50 هرتز أو 60 هرتز لجميع شاشات العرض السلكية.
• [ 5.8 /T-SR] يوصى بشدة بتوفير محدد معدل تحديث HDMI قابل للتكوين للمستخدم لجميع شاشات العرض السلكية.
• [ 5.8 /T-SR] يوصى بشدة بدعم فك التشفير المتزامن للتدفقات الآمنة. على الأقل، يوصى بشدة بفك التشفير المتزامن لبخارين.
• [ 5.8 ] يجب ضبط معدل تحديث وضع إخراج HDMI على 50 هرتز أو 60 هرتز، اعتمادًا على معدل تحديث الفيديو للمنطقة التي يتم بيع الجهاز فيها لجميع شاشات العرض السلكية.

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون تدعم فك تشفير UHD وتدعم شاشات العرض الخارجية، فإنها:

• [ 5.8 /T-1-1] يجب أن يدعم HDCP 2.2.

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون لا تدعم فك تشفير UHD ولكنها تدعم شاشات العرض الخارجية، فإنها:

• [ 5.8 /T-2-1] يجب أن يدعم HDCP 1.4

2.3.3. برمجة

تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون:

• [ 3 /T-0-1] يجب الإعلان عن الميزات android.software.leanback و android.hardware.type.television .
• [ 3.4 .1/T-0-1] يجب أن يوفر تطبيقًا كاملاً لواجهة برمجة التطبيقات android.webkit.Webview .

إذا كانت تطبيقات جهاز Android Television تدعم شاشة القفل، فإنها:

• [ 3.8 .10/T-1-1] يجب أن يعرض إشعارات شاشة القفل بما في ذلك نموذج إشعارات الوسائط.

تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون:

• [ 3.8 .14/T-SR] يوصى بشدة بدعم وضع الصورة داخل الصورة (PIP) متعدد النوافذ.
• [ 3.10 /T-0-1] يجب أن يدعم خدمات إمكانية الوصول التابعة لجهات خارجية.
• [ 3.10 /T-SR] يُوصى بشدة بالتحميل المسبق لخدمات إمكانية الوصول على الجهاز المشابهة أو المتجاوزة لوظائف الوصول عبر Switch وTalkBack (لللغات التي يدعمها محرك تحويل النص إلى كلام المثبت مسبقًا) كما هو منصوص عليه في ميزة Talkback المفتوحة مشروع المصدر .

إذا أبلغت تطبيقات أجهزة التلفزيون عن الميزة android.hardware.audio.output ، فإنها:

• [ 3.11 /T-SR] يوصى بشدة بتضمين محرك TTS يدعم اللغات المتوفرة على الجهاز.
• [ 3.11 /T-1-1] يجب أن يدعم تثبيت محركات تحويل النص إلى كلام (TTS) التابعة لجهات خارجية.

تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون:

• [ 3.12 /T-0-1] يجب أن يدعم إطار عمل إدخال التلفزيون.

2.3.4. الأداء والقوة

• [ 8.1 /T-0-1] زمن استجابة ثابت للإطار . يجب ألا يحدث زمن استجابة غير متناسق للإطار أو تأخير في عرض الإطارات أكثر من 5 إطارات في الثانية، ويجب أن يكون أقل من إطار واحد في الثانية.
• [ 8.2 /T-0-1] يجب أن يضمن أداء كتابة متسلسل لا يقل عن 5 ميجابايت/ثانية.
• [ 8.2 /T-0-2] يجب أن يضمن أداء كتابة عشوائي لا يقل عن 0.5 ميجابايت/ثانية.
• [ 8.2 /T-0-3] يجب أن يضمن أداء قراءة تسلسلي لا يقل عن 15 ميجابايت/ثانية.
• [ 8.2 /T-0-4] يجب أن يضمن أداء قراءة عشوائي لا يقل عن 3.5 ميجابايت/ثانية.

إذا كانت تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون تشتمل على ميزات لتحسين إدارة طاقة الجهاز المضمنة في AOSP أو توسيع الميزات المضمنة في AOSP، فإنها:

• [ 8.3 /T-1-1] يجب أن يوفر للمستخدم القدرة على تمكين وتعطيل ميزة توفير طاقة البطارية.
• [ 8.3 /T-1-2] يجب أن يوفر للمستخدم القدرة على عرض جميع التطبيقات المستثناة من أوضاع توفير الطاقة في وضع الاستعداد للتطبيق والتغفو.

تطبيقات جهاز التلفزيون:

• [ 8.4 /T-0-1] يجب توفير ملف تعريف طاقة لكل مكون يحدد قيمة الاستهلاك الحالية لكل مكون من مكونات الأجهزة واستنزاف البطارية التقريبي الناتج عن المكونات بمرور الوقت كما هو موثق في موقع مشروع Android مفتوح المصدر.
• [ 8.4 /T-0-2] يجب الإبلاغ عن جميع قيم استهلاك الطاقة بالمللي أمبير ساعة (mAh).
• [ 8.4 /T-0-3] يجب الإبلاغ عن استهلاك طاقة وحدة المعالجة المركزية لكل معرف فريد (UID) لكل عملية. يلبي مشروع Android مفتوح المصدر المتطلبات من خلال تنفيذ وحدة uid_cputime kernel.
• [ 8.4 /T] يجب أن يُنسب إلى مكون الجهاز نفسه إذا لم يكن من الممكن إسناد استخدام طاقة مكون الجهاز إلى أحد التطبيقات.
• [ 8.4 /T-0-4] يجب أن يجعل استخدام الطاقة هذا متاحًا عبر أمر adb shell dumpsys batterystats shell لمطور التطبيق.

2.4. مشاهدة المتطلبات

يشير جهاز Android Watch إلى تطبيق جهاز Android المصمم ليتم ارتداؤه على الجسم، وربما على المعصم.

يتم تصنيف تطبيقات أجهزة Android على أنها مراقبة إذا كانت تستوفي جميع المعايير التالية:

• احصل على شاشة ذات طول قطري فعلي يتراوح من 1.1 إلى 2.5 بوصة.
• توفر آلية ليتم ارتداؤها على الجسم.

المتطلبات الإضافية في بقية هذا القسم خاصة بتطبيقات أجهزة Android Watch.

2.4.1. المعدات

مشاهدة تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [ 7.1 .1.1/W-0-1] يجب أن يكون لديك شاشة بحجم قطري فعلي يتراوح من 1.1 إلى 2.5 بوصة.

• [ 7.2 .3/W-0-1] يجب أن تكون وظيفة الصفحة الرئيسية متاحة للمستخدم، ووظيفة الرجوع باستثناء عندما تكون في UI_MODE_TYPE_WATCH .

• [ 7.2 .4/W-0-1] يجب أن يدعم إدخال شاشة اللمس.

• [ 7.3 .1/W-SR] يوصى بشدة أن يتضمن مقياس تسارع ثلاثي المحاور.

• [ 7.4 .3/W-0-1] يجب أن يدعم تقنية Bluetooth.

• [ 7.6 .1/W-0-1] يجب أن يكون لديك ما لا يقل عن 1 جيجابايت من مساحة التخزين غير المتطايرة المتاحة للبيانات الخاصة بالتطبيق (ويعرف أيضًا باسم قسم "/ البيانات").

• [ 7.6 .1/W-0-2] يجب أن تتوفر لديك ذاكرة بسعة 416 ميجابايت على الأقل متاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدم.

• [ 7.8 .1/W-0-1] يجب أن يشتمل على ميكروفون.

• [ 7.8 .2/W] قد لا يكون به مخرج صوت.

2.4.2. الوسائط المتعددة

لا توجد متطلبات إضافية.

2.4.3. برمجة

مشاهدة تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [ 3 /W-0-1] يجب الإعلان عن الخاصية android.hardware.type.watch .
• [ 3 /W-0-2] يجب أن يدعم uiMode = UI_MODE_TYPE_WATCH .

مشاهدة تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [ 3.8 .4/W-SR] يوصى بشدة باستخدام مساعد على الجهاز للتعامل مع إجراء المساعدة .

شاهد تطبيقات الأجهزة التي تعلن عن علامة ميزة android.hardware.audio.output :

• [ 3.10 /W-1-1] يجب أن يدعم خدمات إمكانية الوصول التابعة لجهات خارجية.
• [ 3.10 /W-SR] يُوصى بشدة بالتحميل المسبق لخدمات إمكانية الوصول على الجهاز المشابهة أو المتجاوزة لوظائف الوصول عبر Switch وTalkBack (لللغات التي يدعمها محرك تحويل النص إلى كلام المثبت مسبقًا) كما هو منصوص عليه في ميزة Talkback المفتوحة مشروع المصدر .

إذا أبلغت تطبيقات جهاز المراقبة عن الميزة android.hardware.audio.output، فإنها:

• [ 3.11 /W-SR] يوصى بشدة بتضمين محرك TTS يدعم اللغات المتوفرة على الجهاز.

• [ 3.11 /W-0-1] يجب أن يدعم تثبيت محركات تحويل النص إلى كلام (TTS) التابعة لجهات خارجية.

2.4.4. الأداء والقوة

إذا كانت تطبيقات جهاز المراقبة تتضمن ميزات لتحسين إدارة طاقة الجهاز المضمنة في AOSP أو توسيع الميزات المضمنة في AOSP، فإنها:

• [ 8.3 /W-SR] يوصى بشدة بتزويد المستخدم بالقدرة على عرض جميع التطبيقات المستثناة من أوضاع توفير الطاقة في وضع الاستعداد للتطبيق والتغفو.
• [ 8.3 /W-SR] يوصى بشدة بتوفير القدرة على تحمل تكاليف المستخدم لتمكين ميزة توفير شحن البطارية وتعطيلها.

مشاهدة تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [ 8.4 /W-0-1] يجب توفير ملف تعريف طاقة لكل مكون يحدد قيمة الاستهلاك الحالية لكل مكون من مكونات الأجهزة واستنزاف البطارية التقريبي الناتج عن المكونات بمرور الوقت كما هو موثق في موقع مشروع Android مفتوح المصدر.
• [ 8.4 /W-0-2] يجب الإبلاغ عن جميع قيم استهلاك الطاقة بالمللي أمبير ساعة (mAh).
• [ 8.4 /W-0-3] يجب الإبلاغ عن استهلاك طاقة وحدة المعالجة المركزية لكل معرف فريد (UID) لكل عملية. يلبي مشروع Android مفتوح المصدر المتطلبات من خلال تنفيذ وحدة uid_cputime kernel.
• [ 8.4 /W-0-4] يجب أن يجعل استخدام الطاقة هذا متاحًا عبر أمر adb shell dumpsys batterystats shell لمطور التطبيق.
• [ 8.4 /W] يجب أن يُنسب إلى مكون الجهاز نفسه إذا كان غير قادر على إسناد استخدام طاقة مكون الجهاز إلى أحد التطبيقات.

2.5. متطلبات السيارات

يشير تطبيق Android Automotive إلى الوحدة الرئيسية للمركبة التي تعمل بنظام Android كنظام تشغيل لجزء أو كل النظام و/أو وظائف المعلومات والترفيه.

يتم تصنيف تطبيقات أجهزة Android على أنها سيارات إذا أعلنت عن الميزة android.hardware.type.automotive أو استوفت جميع المعايير التالية.

• تكون مضمنة كجزء من مركبة آلية أو قابلة للتوصيل بها.
• يستخدمون شاشة في صف مقعد السائق كعرض أساسي.

المتطلبات الإضافية في بقية هذا القسم خاصة بتطبيقات أجهزة السيارات Android.

2.5.1. المعدات

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 7.1 .1.1/A-0-1] يجب أن يكون لها شاشة ما لا يقل عن 6 بوصات في الحجم القطري المادي.

• [ 7.1 .1.1/A-0-2] يجب أن يكون لديه تخطيط بحجم الشاشة لا يقل عن 750 نقطة فيp × 480 د.

• [ 7.2 .3/A-0-1] يجب أن يوفر الوظيفة المنزلية وقد يوفر وظائف حديثة.

• [ 7.2 .3/A-0-2] يجب أن ترسل كل من الحدث المعتاد والطويل للدالة الخلفية ( KEYCODE_BACK ) إلى التطبيق الأمامي.

• [ 7.3 .1/A-SR] يوصى بشدة بتضمين مقياس تسارع 3 محاور.

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات تتضمن مقياس تسارع 3 محاور ، فإنها:

• [ 7.3 .1/A-1-1] يجب أن يكون قادرًا على الإبلاغ عن الأحداث التي تصل إلى تردد لا يقل عن 100 هرتز.
• [ 7.3 .1/A-1-2] يجب أن يتوافق مع نظام إحداثيات مستشعرات سيارة Android.

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات تتضمن جيروسكوب ، فإنها:

• [ 7.3 .4/A-1-1] يجب أن يكون قادرًا على الإبلاغ عن الأحداث التي تصل إلى تردد لا يقل عن 100 هرتز.

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 7.3 .11/A-0-1] يجب أن يوفر العتاد الحالي كـ SENSOR_TYPE_GEAR .

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 7.3 .11.2/A-0-1] يجب أن يدعم وضع النهار/الليلي المعروف باسم SENSOR_TYPE_NIGHT .
• [ 7.3 .11.2/A-0-2] يجب أن تكون قيمة علامة SENSOR_TYPE_NIGHT متسقة مع وضع Dashboard Night/Night ويجب أن تعتمد على إدخال مستشعر الضوء المحيط.

• قد يكون مستشعر الضوء المحيط الأساسي هو نفس جهاز Photometer .

• [ 7.3 .11.4/A-0-1] يجب أن يوفر سرعة السيارة كما هو محدد بواسطة SENSOR_TYPE_CAR_SPEED .

• [ 7.3 .11.5/A-0-1] يجب أن يوفر حالة فرامل الانتظار كما هو محدد بواسطة SENSOR_TYPE_PARKING_BRAKE .

• [ 7.4 .3/A-0-1] يجب أن يدعم Bluetooth ويجب أن يدعم Bluetooth LE.

• [ 7.4 .3/A-0-2] يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات Android Automotive ملفات تعريف Bluetooth التالية:
  • الاتصال الهاتفي على الملف الشخصي بدون اليدين (HFP).
  • تشغيل الوسائط عبر ملف توزيع الصوت (A2DP).
  • التحكم في تشغيل الوسائط عبر ملف تعريف التحكم عن بعد (AVRCP).
  • اتصل بالمشاركة باستخدام ملف تعريف الوصول إلى دفتر الهاتف (PBAP).

• [ 7.4 .3/A-SR] يوصى بشدة بدعم ملف تعريف الوصول إلى الرسائل (MAP).

• [ 7.4 .5/a] يجب أن يتضمن دعم اتصال البيانات القائم على الشبكة الخلوية.

• [ 7.4 .5/a] قد تستخدم نظام API NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID ثابت للشبكات التي يجب أن تكون متاحة لتطبيقات النظام.

• [ 7.6 .1/A-0-1] يجب أن يكون لديه ما لا يقل عن 4 جيجابايت من التخزين غير المتقلبة المتاحة للبيانات الخاصة للتطبيق (AKA "/Data").

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 7.6 .1/a] يجب أن تنسيق قسم البيانات لتقديم تحسين الأداء وطول العمر على تخزين الفلاش ، على سبيل المثال باستخدام نظام ملفات f2fs .

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات توفر سعة تخزين خارجية مشتركة عبر جزء من التخزين الداخلي غير القابل للإزالة ، فإنها:

• [ 7.6 .1/A-SR] يوصى بشدة بتقليل النفقات العامة للإدخال/الإخراج على العمليات التي يتم تنفيذها على التخزين الخارجي ، على سبيل المثال باستخدام SDCardFS .

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات 32 بت:

• [ 7.6 .1/A-1-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدمين 512 ميجابايت على الأقل إذا تم استخدام أي من الكثافة التالية:

  • 280dpi أو أقل على شاشات صغيرة/عادية
  • LDPI أو أقل على شاشات كبيرة إضافية
  • MDPI أو أقل على شاشات كبيرة

• [ 7.6 .1/A-1-2] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدمين 608 ميغابايت على الأقل إذا تم استخدام أي من الكثافة التالية:

  • XHDPI أو أعلى على الشاشات الصغيرة/العادية
  • HDPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة
  • MDPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة إضافية

• [ 7.6 .1/A-1-3] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدمين لا تقل عن 896 ميجابايت إذا تم استخدام أي من الكثافة التالية:

  • 400DPI أو أعلى على شاشات صغيرة/عادية
  • XHDPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة
  • TVDPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة إضافية

• [ 7.6 .1/A-1-4] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدمين 1344 ميغابايت على الأقل إذا تم استخدام أي من الكثافة التالية:

  • 560dpi أو أعلى على شاشات صغيرة/عادية
  • 400DPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة
  • XHDPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة إضافية

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات 64 بت:

• [ 7.6 .1/A-2-1] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدمين 816 ميجابايت على الأقل إذا تم استخدام أي من الكثافة التالية:

  • 280dpi أو أقل على شاشات صغيرة/عادية
  • LDPI أو أقل على شاشات كبيرة إضافية
  • MDPI أو أقل على شاشات كبيرة

• [ 7.6 .1/A-2-2] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدمين 944 ميجابايت على الأقل إذا تم استخدام أي من الكثافة التالية:

  • XHDPI أو أعلى على الشاشات الصغيرة/العادية
  • HDPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة
  • MDPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة إضافية

• [ 7.6 .1/a-2-3] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدمين 1280 ميجابايت على الأقل إذا تم استخدام أي من الكثافة التالية:

  • 400DPI أو أعلى على شاشات صغيرة/عادية
  • XHDPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة
  • TVDPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة إضافية

• [ 7.6 .1/A-2-4] يجب أن تكون الذاكرة المتاحة للنواة ومساحة المستخدمين 1824 ميغابايت على الأقل إذا تم استخدام أي من الكثافة التالية:

  • 560dpi أو أعلى على شاشات صغيرة/عادية
  • 400DPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة
  • XHDPI أو أعلى على شاشات كبيرة إضافية

لاحظ أن "الذاكرة المتاحة لـ Kernel و UsserPace" أعلاه تشير إلى مساحة الذاكرة المقدمة بالإضافة إلى أي ذاكرة مخصصة بالفعل لمكونات الأجهزة مثل الراديو والفيديو وما إلى ذلك ، لا توجد تحت عنصر تحكم kernel في تطبيقات الأجهزة.

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 7.7 .1/a] يجب أن يشمل منفذ USB يدعم الوضع المحيطي.

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 7.8 .1/A-0-1] يجب أن يشمل الميكروفون.

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 7.8 .2/A-0-1] يجب أن يكون لديه إخراج صوتي وإعلان android.hardware.audio.output .

2.5.2. الوسائط المتعددة

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات ترميز الصوت التالي:

• [ 5.1 /A-0-1] ملف تعريف MPEG-4 AAC (AAC LC)
• [ 5.1 /A-0-2] MPEG-4 HE AAC Profile (AAC+)
• [ 5.1 /A-0-3] AAC ELD (تعزيز التأخير المنخفض AAC)

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات ترميز الفيديو التالي:

• [ 5.2 /A-0-1] H.264 AVC
• [ 5.2 /A-0-2] VP8

يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات فك تشفير الفيديو التالي:

• [ 5.3 /A-0-1] H.264 AVC
• [ 5.3 /A-0-2] MPEG-4 SP
• [ 5.3 /A-0-3] VP8
• [ 5.3 /A-0-4] VP9

يوصى بشدة بتطبيقات أجهزة السيارات لدعم فك تشفير الفيديو التالي:

• [ 5.3 /A-SR] H.265 HEVC

2.5.3. برمجة

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 3 /A-0-1] يجب أن يعلن عن ميزة android.hardware.type.automotive .

• [ 3 /A-0-2] يجب أن يدعم uimode = UI_MODE_TYPE_CAR .

• [ 3 /A-0-3] يجب أن يدعم جميع واجهات برمجة التطبيقات العامة في مساحة الاسم android.car.* .

• [ 3.4 .1/A-0-1] يجب أن يوفر تطبيقًا كاملاً لـ android.webkit.Webview API.

• [ 3.8 .3/A-0-1] يجب أن تعرض الإخطارات التي تستخدم Notification.CarExtender API عند طلبها من خلال تطبيقات الطرف الثالث.

• [ 3.8 .4/A-SR] يوصى بشدة بتنفيذ مساعد على الجهاز للتعامل مع إجراء المساعدة .

• [ 3.13 /A-SR] ينصح بشدة بتضمين مكون واجهة مستخدم إعدادات سريعة.

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات تتضمن زر الضغط على الحديث ، فإنهم:

• [ 3.8 .4/A-1-1] يجب أن تستخدم مكبسًا قصيرًا لزر الدفع إلى الحديث كتفاعل مخصص لبدء تطبيق المساعدة التي تم اختيارها للمستخدم ، وبعبارة أخرى ، فإن التطبيق الذي ينفذ VoiceInteractionService .

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 3.14 /A-0-1] يجب أن يتضمن إطار عمل واجهة المستخدم لدعم تطبيقات الطرف الثالث باستخدام واجهات برمجة تطبيقات الوسائط كما هو موضح في القسم 3.14 .

2.5.4. الأداء والقوة

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات تتضمن ميزات لتحسين إدارة طاقة الجهاز التي يتم تضمينها في AOSP أو تمديد الميزات المدرجة في AOSP ، فإنها:

• [ 8.3 /A-1-1] يجب أن يوفر المستخدم لتمكين ميزة توفير البطارية وتعطيلها.
• [ 8.3 /A-1-2] يجب أن يوفر المستخدمين لعرض جميع التطبيقات المعفاة من وضع الاستعداد للتطبيق والأنماط الموفرة للطاقة.

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 8.2 /A-0-1] يجب الإبلاغ عن عدد البايتات التي تقرأها وكتابتها إلى تخزين غير متطايرة لكل عملية UID الخاصة بكل عملية بحيث تكون الإحصائيات متاحة للمطورين من خلال نظام API android.car.storagemonitoring.CarStorageMonitoringManager . يفي مشروع Android Open Source بالمتطلبات من خلال وحدة kernel uid_sys_stats .
• [ 8.4 /A-0-1] يجب أن يوفر ملفًا لكل مكونًا من مكونات الطاقة يحدد قيمة الاستهلاك الحالية لكل مكون الأجهزة واستنزاف البطارية التقريبي الناجم عن المكونات مع مرور الوقت كما هو موثق في موقع مشروع Android Open Source.
• [ 8.4 /A-0-2] يجب الإبلاغ عن جميع قيم استهلاك الطاقة في ساعات Milliampere (MAH).
• [ 8.4 /A-0-3] يجب الإبلاغ عن استهلاك طاقة وحدة المعالجة المركزية لكل UID لكل عملية. يفي مشروع Android Open Source بالمتطلبات من خلال تطبيق وحدة Kernel uid_cputime .
• [ 8.4 /a] يجب أن تعزى إلى مكون الأجهزة نفسه إذا لم يتمكن من استخدام استخدام طاقة مكون الأجهزة إلى تطبيق ما.
• [ 8.4 /A-0-4] يجب أن يتيح استخدام الطاقة هذا عبر أمر قذيفة adb shell dumpsys batterystats إلى مطور التطبيق.

2.5.5. نموذج الأمن

إذا كانت تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات تدعم عدة مستخدمين ، فإنهم:

• [ 9.5 /A-1-1] يجب أن يتضمن حساب ضيف يسمح لجميع الوظائف التي يوفرها نظام السيارة دون مطالبة المستخدم بتسجيل الدخول.

إذا كانت تطبيقات جهاز السيارات تدعم شاشة قفل آمنة ، فإنها:

• [ 9.9 .2/A-1-1] يجب أن يدعم التشفير لكل مفاتيح مصادقة خاصة بالمستخدم. التشفير المستند إلى الملف (FBE) هو إحدى الطرق للقيام بذلك.

تطبيقات أجهزة السيارات:

• [ 9.14 /A-0-1] يجب أن رسائل Gatekeep من أنظمة Android Framework Subsystems ، على سبيل المثال ، القائمة المسموح بها في قائمة الرسائل ومصادر الرسائل.
• [ 9.14 /A-0-2] يجب أن تراقبها ضد نفقات رفض الخدمة من نظام Android أو تطبيقات الطرف الثالث. هذا الحراس ضد البرمجيات الضارة التي تغمر شبكة المركبات بحركة المرور ، مما قد يؤدي إلى تعطل الأنظمة الفرعية للمركبات.

2.6. متطلبات الجهاز اللوحي

يشير جهاز Android Tablet إلى تطبيق جهاز Android يفي بجميع المعايير التالية:

• تستخدم عادة عن طريق عقد في كلتا يديه.
• لا يحتوي على تكوين محول أو مكشوفة.
• يجب الاتصال بأي تطبيق لوحة مفاتيح فعلي المستخدم مع الجهاز عن طريق اتصال قياسي.
• لديه مصدر طاقة يوفر التنقل ، مثل البطارية.
• يحتوي على حجم شاشة قطري فعلي في حدود 7 إلى 18 بوصة.

تطبيقات جهاز الكمبيوتر اللوحي لها متطلبات مماثلة لتطبيقات الأجهزة المحمولة. يتم الإشارة إلى الاستثناءات من قبل و * في هذا القسم ولاحظت للرجوع إليها في هذا القسم.

2.4.1. المعدات

حجم الشاشة

• [ 7.1 .1.1/tab-0-1] يجب أن يكون لها شاشة في حدود 7 إلى 18 بوصة.

الحد الأدنى من الذاكرة والتخزين (القسم 7.6.1)

لا تنطبق كثافة الشاشة المدرجة للشاشات الصغيرة/العادية في متطلبات المحمولة على الأجهزة اللوحية.

الوضع المحيطي USB (القسم 7.7.1)

إذا كانت تطبيقات جهاز الكمبيوتر اللوحي تتضمن منفذ USB يدعم الوضع المحيطي ، فإنهم:

• [ 7.7.1 /TAB] يجوز لتنفيذ واجهة برمجة تطبيقات Android Open Assory (AOA).

وضع الواقع الافتراضي (القسم 7.9.1)

الواقع الافتراضي أداء عالي (القسم 7.9.2)

متطلبات الواقع الافتراضي لا تنطبق على الأجهزة اللوحية.

3. البرمجيات

3.1. توافق واجهة برمجة التطبيقات المُدارة

تعد بيئة تنفيذ Dalvik bytecode المُدارة هي الوسيلة الأساسية لتطبيقات Android. واجهة برمجة تطبيقات Android (API) هي مجموعة واجهات نظام Android الأساسية المعرضة للتطبيقات التي تعمل في بيئة التشغيل المُدارة.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• يجب أن يوفر [C-0-1] تطبيقات كاملة ، بما في ذلك جميع السلوكيات الموثقة ، لأي واجهة برمجة تطبيقات موثقة مكشوفة من قبل Android SDK أو أي واجهة برمجة تطبيقات مزينة بعلامة "systemapi" في رمز مصدر Android المنبع.

• [C-0-2] يجب أن يدعم/الحفاظ على جميع الفئات والأساليب والعناصر المرتبطة التي يتميز بتعليقات Testapi (Testapi).

• [C-0-3] يجب ألا يحذف أي واجهات برمجة التطبيقات المدارة أو واجهات أو توقيعات API المتغيرة ، أو الانحراف عن السلوك الموثقي ، أو تضمين عدم وجود OPS ، باستثناء ما يسمح به على وجه التحديد من خلال تعريف التوافق هذا.

• [C-0-4] يجب أن تبقي واجهات برمجة التطبيقات موجودة وتصرف بطريقة معقولة ، حتى عندما يتم حذف بعض ميزات الأجهزة التي تتضمن Android واجهات برمجة التطبيقات. راجع القسم 7 للتعرف على المتطلبات المحددة لهذا السيناريو.

• [C-0-5] يجب أن يقيد استخدام استخدام تطبيقات الطرف الثالث من واجهات برمجة التطبيقات المخفية ، المعرّفة على أنها واجهات برمجة التطبيقات في مساحة اسم Android المزينة بتعليقات @hidden ولكن ليس باستخدام @SystemAPI أو @TestApi ، كما هو موضح في مستندات SDK وشحن مع كل واجهة برمجة تطبيقات مخفية على نفس القوائم المقيدة على النحو المنصوص عليها من خلال قائمة المؤقتة وملفات Denylist في prebuilts/runtime/appcompat/ path لفرع مستوى API المناسب في AOSP. ومع ذلك:

  • قد ، إذا كانت واجهة برمجة تطبيقات مخفية غائبة أو تنفذها بشكل مختلف على تنفيذ الجهاز ، فانتقل واجهة برمجة التطبيقات المخفية إلى denylist أو حذفها من جميع القوائم المقيدة.
  • قد ، إذا لم تكن واجهة برمجة التطبيقات المخفية موجودة بالفعل في AOSP ، فأضف واجهة برمجة التطبيقات المخفية إلى أي من القوائم المقيدة.
  • قد تنفذ آلية تحديث ديناميكية تنقل واجهة برمجة تطبيقات مخفية من قائمة مقيدة إلى قائمة أقل تقييدًا ، باستثناء قائمة الإسمح.

3.1.1. ملحقات أندرويد

يتضمن Android دعمًا لتوسيع واجهات برمجة التطبيقات المُدارة مع الاحتفاظ بنفس إصدار مستوى واجهة برمجة التطبيقات.

• [C-0-1] يجب أن تقوم تطبيقات أجهزة Android بتنفيذ تطبيق AOSP لكل من المكتبة ExtShared ExtServices الخدمات مع الإصدارات أعلى من أو تساوي الإصدارات الدنيا المسموح بها لكل مستوى واجهة برمجة التطبيقات. على سبيل المثال، يجب أن تتضمن تطبيقات الأجهزة التي تعمل بنظام التشغيل Android 7.0، والتي تعمل بمستوى API 24، الإصدار 1 على الأقل.

3.1.2. مكتبة Android

بسبب إهمال عميل Apache HTTP ، تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] يجب ألا تضع مكتبة org.apache.http.legacy في bootclasspath.
• [C-0-2] يجب إضافة مكتبة org.apache.http.legacy إلى Application ClassPath فقط عندما يفي التطبيق أحد الشروط التالية:
  • أهداف API المستوى 28 أو أقل.
  • تعلن في بيانها أنها تحتاج إلى المكتبة عن طريق تعيين سمة android:name <uses-library> إلى org.apache.http.legacy .

يفي تطبيق AOSP بهذه المتطلبات.

3.2. توافق واجهة برمجة التطبيقات الناعمة

بالإضافة إلى واجهات برمجة التطبيقات المُدارة من القسم 3.1 ، يشتمل Android أيضًا على واجهة برمجة تطبيقات "ناعمة" مهمة لوقت التشغيل فقط، في شكل أشياء مثل المقاصد والأذونات والجوانب المماثلة لتطبيقات Android التي لا يمكن تنفيذها في وقت ترجمة التطبيق.

3.2.1. الأذونات

• [C-0-1] يجب على منفذي الأجهزة دعم وتطبيق جميع ثوابت الإذن كما هو موثق في صفحة مرجع الإذن . لاحظ أن القسم 9 يسرد المتطلبات الإضافية المتعلقة بنموذج أمان Android.

3.2.2. بناء المعلمات

تشتمل واجهات برمجة تطبيقات Android على عدد من الثوابت في فئة android.os.Build والتي تهدف إلى وصف الجهاز الحالي.

• [C-0-1] لتوفير قيم متسقة وذات مغزى عبر تطبيقات الأجهزة ، يتضمن الجدول أدناه قيودًا إضافية على تنسيقات هذه القيم التي يجب أن تتوافق معها تطبيقات الجهاز.

3.2.3. توافق النية

3.2.3.1. نوايا التطبيق الأساسية

تسمح أهداف Android لمكونات التطبيق بطلب الوظائف من مكونات Android الأخرى. يتضمن مشروع Android الأولي قائمة بالتطبيقات التي تعتبر تطبيقات Android الأساسية، والتي تنفذ العديد من أنماط الأغراض لتنفيذ الإجراءات الشائعة.

• [C-0-1] يجب أن تقوم تطبيقات الأجهزة بتحميل تطبيق واحد أو أكثر من التطبيقات أو مكونات الخدمة مع معالج نية ، لجميع أنماط مرشح النوايا العامة المحددة من قبل تطبيقات Android الأساسية التالية في AOSP:

  • ساعة مكتب
  • المتصفح
  • تقويم
  • جهات الاتصال
  • صالة عرض
  • البحث العالمي
  • منصة الإطلاق
  • موسيقى
  • إعدادات

3.2.3.2. قرار النية

• [C-0-1] لأن Android عبارة عن نظام أساسي قابل للتمديد ، يجب أن تسمح تطبيقات الأجهزة بكل نمط نية مشار إليها في القسم 3.2.3.1 ، باستثناء الإعدادات ، ليتم تجاوزها من خلال تطبيقات الطرف الثالث. يسمح تطبيق Opstream Android Open Source بشكل افتراضي.

• [C-0-2] يجب ألا يرفع منفذي DVICE امتيازات خاصة لاستخدام تطبيقات النظام هذه الأنماط النية ، أو منع تطبيقات الطرف الثالث من الارتباط وافتراض التحكم في هذه الأنماط. يتضمن هذا الحظر على وجه التحديد، على سبيل المثال لا الحصر، تعطيل واجهة المستخدم "المختار" التي تسمح للمستخدم بالاختيار بين تطبيقات متعددة تتعامل جميعها مع نفس نمط الهدف.

• [C-0-3] يجب أن توفر تطبيقات الجهاز واجهة مستخدم للمستخدمين لتعديل النشاط الافتراضي للومن.

• ومع ذلك، قد توفر تطبيقات الجهاز أنشطة افتراضية لأنماط URI محددة (على سبيل المثال http://play.google.com) عندما يوفر النشاط الافتراضي سمة أكثر تحديدًا لـ URI للبيانات. على سبيل المثال، يعد نمط مرشح الغرض الذي يحدد URI للبيانات "http://www.android.com" أكثر تحديدًا من نمط الهدف الأساسي للمتصفح لـ "http://".

يتضمن Android أيضًا آلية لتطبيقات الجهات الخارجية للإعلان عن سلوك ربط التطبيق الافتراضي الرسمي لأنواع معينة من أهداف URI على الويب. عندما يتم تحديد مثل هذه التصريحات الرسمية في أنماط مرشح غرض التطبيق، فإن تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-4] يجب أن تحاول التحقق من صحة أي مرشحات نية من خلال تنفيذ خطوات التحقق من الصحة المحددة في مواصفات روابط الأصول الرقمية كما تم تنفيذها من قبل مدير الحزمة في مشروع المصدر المفتوح في Android.
• [C-0-5] يجب أن تحاول التحقق من صحة مرشحات النية أثناء تثبيت التطبيق وتعيين جميع مرشحات نية URI التي تم التحقق من صحتها بنجاح كمعالجات للتطبيق الافتراضية لـ URIs الخاصة بهم.
• يجوز تعيين مرشحات هدف URI محددة كمعالجات التطبيق الافتراضية لعناوين URI الخاصة بهم، إذا تم التحقق منها بنجاح ولكن مرشحات URI المرشحة الأخرى تفشل في التحقق. إذا كان تطبيق الجهاز يقوم بذلك، فيجب أن يوفر للمستخدم تجاوزات نمط URI المناسبة في قائمة الإعدادات.
• يجب تزويد المستخدم بعناصر التحكم في روابط التطبيقات لكل تطبيق في الإعدادات على النحو التالي:
  • [C-0-6] يجب أن يكون المستخدم قادرًا على تجاوز سلوك روابط التطبيق الافتراضية بشكل كلي لتطبيق: مفتوح دائمًا أو يسأل دائمًا أو لا يفتح أبدًا ، والذي يجب أن ينطبق على جميع مرشحات URI المرشحة على قدم المساواة.
  • [C-0-7] يجب أن يكون المستخدم قادرًا على رؤية قائمة مرشحات نية URI المرشح.
  • قد يوفر تطبيق الجهاز للمستخدم القدرة على تجاوز مرشحات غرض URI المرشحة التي تم التحقق منها بنجاح، على أساس عامل التصفية لكل غرض.
  • [C-0-8] يجب أن يوفر تطبيق الجهاز للمستخدمين القدرة على عرض مرشحات URI المرشحة وتجاوزها إذا سمح تنفيذ الجهاز لبعض مرشحات نية URI للمرشحين بالتحقق بينما يمكن أن يفشل البعض الآخر.

3.2.3.3. مساحات الأسماء النية

• [C-0-1] يجب ألا تتضمن تطبيقات الأجهزة أي مكون Android يكرم أي نية جديدة أو أنماط نية للبث باستخدام إجراء أو فئة أو سلسلة مفاتيح أخرى في Android. أو com.android. مساحة الاسم.
• [C-0-2] يجب ألا يتضمن منفذي الأجهزة أي مكونات Android تكمن لأي نية جديدة أو أنماط نية للبث باستخدام إجراء أو فئة أو سلسلة مفاتيح أخرى في مساحة حزمة تابعة لمؤسسة أخرى.
• [C-0-3] يجب ألا يغير موظفو الأجهزة أو تمديد أي من أنماط النية المستخدمة في التطبيقات الأساسية المدرجة في القسم 3.2.3.1 .
• قد تتضمن تطبيقات الأجهزة أنماط غرض تستخدم مساحات الأسماء المرتبطة بشكل واضح وواضح بمؤسستها الخاصة. يشبه هذا الحظر الحظر المحدد لفئات لغة Java في القسم 3.6 .

3.2.3.4. نوايا البث

تعتمد تطبيقات الطرف الثالث على النظام الأساسي لبث نوايا معينة لإعلامها بالتغييرات في بيئة الأجهزة أو البرامج.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] يجب أن تبث البث العام نوايا استجابة لأحداث النظام المناسبة كما هو موضح في وثائق SDK. لاحظ أن هذا المطلب لا يتعارض مع القسم 3.5 حيث يتم وصف قيود تطبيقات الخلفية أيضًا في وثائق SDK.

3.2.3.5. إعدادات التطبيق الافتراضية

يتضمن Android إعدادات توفر للمستخدمين طريقة سهلة لتحديد تطبيقاتهم الافتراضية، على سبيل المثال، للشاشة الرئيسية أو الرسائل النصية القصيرة.

عندما يكون ذلك منطقيًا، يجب أن توفر تطبيقات الجهاز قائمة إعدادات مماثلة وأن تكون متوافقة مع نمط مرشح الهدف وطرق واجهة برمجة التطبيقات الموضحة في وثائق SDK على النحو التالي.

إذا أبلغت تطبيقات الجهاز android.software.home_screen ، فإنها:

• [C-1-1] يجب أن يكرم android.settings.HOME_SETTINGS نية لإظهار قائمة إعدادات التطبيق الافتراضية للشاشة الرئيسية.

إذا أبلغت تطبيقات الجهاز android.hardware.telephony ، فإنها:

• [C-2-1] يجب أن يوفر قائمة إعدادات تتصل بـ android.provider.Telephony.ACTION_CHANGE_DEFAULT لعرض مربع حوار لتغيير تطبيق الرسائل القصيرة الافتراضية.

• [C-2-2] يجب أن يكرم android.telecom.action.CHANGE_DEFAULT_DIALER إظهار مربع حوار للسماح للمستخدم بتغيير تطبيق الهاتف الافتراضي.

  • يجب استخدام واجهة المستخدم الخاصة بتطبيق الهاتف الافتراضي الذي اختاره المستخدم للمكالمات الواردة والصادرة باستثناء مكالمات الطوارئ ، والتي من شأنها استخدام تطبيق الهاتف الذي تم تثبيته مسبقًا.

• [C-2-3] يجب أن يكرم Android.teleCom.Action.Change_Phone_Accounts لتوفير تكاليف المستخدم لتكوين ConnectionServices المرتبطة بـ PhoneAccounts ، بالإضافة إلى PhoneAcCount الافتراضي الذي سيستخدمه موفر خدمة الاتصالات في إجراء مكالمات صادرة. يلبي تطبيق AOSP هذا المطلب من خلال تضمين قائمة "خيار حساب الاتصال" ضمن قائمة إعدادات "المكالمات".

إذا أبلغت تطبيقات الجهاز android.hardware.nfc.hce ، فإنها:

• [C-3-1] يجب أن تكريم Android.settings.nfc_payment_settings النية لإظهار قائمة إعدادات التطبيق الافتراضية للنقر والدفع.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الجهاز تدعم VoiceInteractionService ولديها أكثر من تطبيق واحد باستخدام API هذا مثبت في وقت واحد ، فإنهم:

• [C-4-1] يجب أن يكرم android.settings.ACTION_VOICE_INPUT_SETTINGS النية لإظهار قائمة إعدادات التطبيق الافتراضية للإدخال الصوتي والمساعدة.

3.2.4. الأنشطة على العروض الثانوية

إذا سمحت تطبيقات الأجهزة بإطلاق أنشطة Android العادية على شاشات العرض الثانوية ، فإنها:

• [C-1-1] يجب تعيين android.software.activities_on_secondary_displays علامة.
• [C-1-2] يجب أن تضمن توافق API مشابهًا للنشاط الذي يعمل على الشاشة الأساسية.
• [C-1-3] يجب أن يهبط النشاط الجديد على نفس الشاشة مثل النشاط الذي أطلقه ، عندما يتم إطلاق النشاط الجديد دون تحديد عرض مستهدف عبر ActivityOptions.setLaunchDisplayId() API.
• [C-1-4] يجب أن تدمر جميع الأنشطة ، عندما تتم إزالة العلم مع Display.FLAG_PRIVATE .
• [C-1-5] يجب تغيير حجم جميع الأنشطة على VirtualDisplay إذا تم تغيير حجم الشاشة نفسها.
• قد يعرض IME (محرر طريقة الإدخال ، وهو عنصر تحكم مستخدم يمكّن المستخدمين من إدخال النص) على الشاشة الأساسية ، عندما يصبح حقل إدخال النص يركز على شاشة ثانوية.
• يجب تنفيذ تركيز الإدخال على العرض الثانوي بشكل مستقل عن الشاشة الأساسية ، عند دعم المدخلات اللمس أو المفاتيح.
• يجب أن يكون لديك android.content.res.Configuration الذي يتوافق مع تلك الشاشة من أجل عرضها ، وتشغيلها بشكل صحيح ، والحفاظ على التوافق إذا تم إطلاق نشاط على الشاشة الثانوية.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة تسمح بإطلاق أنشطة Android العادية على العروض الثانوية والعروض الأولية والثانوية ، فستكون مختلفة Android.UTIL.DisplayMetrics :

• [C-2-1] يجب عدم السماح بأنشطة غير قابلة للاستمتاع (التي تحتوي على resizeableActivity=false في AndroidManifest.xml ) والتطبيقات التي تستهدف مستوى API 23 أو أقل على شاشات كبيرة.

إذا كانت تطبيقات الجهاز تتيح تشغيل أنشطة Android العادية على شاشات العرض الثانوية ، فإن الشاشة الثانوية تحتوي على Android.view.display.flag_private العلم:

• [C-3-1] فقط مالك هذا العرض والنظام والأنشطة الموجودة بالفعل على هذا العرض يجب أن يكون قادرًا على الإطلاق. يمكن للجميع الإطلاق إلى عرض يحتوي على علم Android.view.display.flag_public .

3.3. توافق واجهة برمجة التطبيقات الأصلية

يعد توافق التعليمات البرمجية الأصلية أمرًا صعبًا. لهذا السبب ، فإن منفذي الأجهزة هم:

• [SR] أوصت بشدة باستخدام تطبيقات المكتبات المدرجة أدناه من مشروع Optreream Android Open Source.

3.3.1. واجهات التطبيق الثنائية

يمكن لرمز Dalvik bytecode المُدار استدعاء التعليمات البرمجية الأصلية المتوفرة في ملف التطبيق .apk كملف ELF .so تم تجميعه لبنية أجهزة الجهاز المناسبة. نظرًا لأن الكود الأصلي يعتمد بشكل كبير على تقنية المعالج الأساسية، فإن Android يحدد عددًا من الواجهات الثنائية للتطبيقات (ABIs) في Android NDK.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• يجب أن يكون [C-0-1] متوافقًا مع واحد أو أكثر من ABIs المحددة وتنفيذ التوافق مع Android NDK.
• يجب أن يتضمن [C-0-2] دعمًا للرمز الذي يعمل في البيئة المدارة للاتصال بالرمز الأصلي ، باستخدام دلالات الواجهة الأصلية Java القياسية (JNI).
• يجب أن يكون [C-0-3] متوافقًا مع المصدر (IE المتوافق مع الرأس) ومتوافق مع ثنائي (بالنسبة إلى ABI) مع كل مكتبة مطلوبة في القائمة أدناه.
• [C-0-5] يجب الإبلاغ بدقة عن الواجهة الثنائية للتطبيق الأصلي (ABI) المدعوم من الجهاز ، عبر android.os.Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS ، android.os.Build.SUPPORTED_32_BIT_ABIS ، و android.os.Build.SUPPORTED_64_BIT_ABIS . ، كل قائمة مفصولة بفاصلة من ABIs تم طلبها من أكثرها إلى الأقل تفضيلًا.

• [C-0-6] يجب أن يبلغ ، من خلال المعلمات أعلاه ، مجموعة فرعية من القائمة التالية من ABIs ويجب عدم الإبلاغ عن أي ABI ليس في القائمة.

  • armeabi
  • armeabi-v7a
  • arm64-v8a
  • x86
  • x86-64

  • [C-0-7] يجب أن تصنع جميع المكتبات التالية ، حيث توفر واجهات برمجة التطبيقات الأصلية ، المتاحة للتطبيقات التي تشمل الكود الأصلي:

  • libaaudio.so (دعم الصوت الأصلي Audio)

  • libandroid.so (دعم نشاط Android الأصلي)
  • ليبك (مكتبة C)
  • libcamera2ndk.so
  • libdl (رابط ديناميكي)
  • libEGL.so (إدارة سطح OpenGL الأصلية)
  • libGLESv1_CM.so (OpenGL ES 1.x)
  • libGLESv2.so (OpenGL ES 2.0)
  • libGLESv3.so (OpenGL ES 3.x)
  • libicui18n.so
  • libicuuc.so
  • libjnigraphics.so
  • liblog (تسجيل Android)
  • libmediandk.so (دعم واجهات برمجة التطبيقات للوسائط الأصلية)
  • ليب (مكتبة الرياضيات)
  • libneuralnetworks.so (API الشبكات العصبية)
  • libOpenMAXAL.so (دعم OpenMAX AL 1.0.1)
  • libOpenSLES.so (دعم الصوت OpenSL ES 1.0.1)
  • libRS.so
  • libstdc++ (الحد الأدنى من الدعم لـ C++)
  • libvulkan.so (فولكان)
  • libz (ضغط Zlib)
  • واجهة جي ان اي

• [C-0-8] يجب ألا تضيف أو إزالة الوظائف العامة للمكتبات الأصلية المذكورة أعلاه.

• [C-0-9] يجب أن تدرج مكتبات إضافية غير AOSP المعرضة مباشرة لتطبيقات الطرف الثالث في /vendor/etc/public.libraries.txt .
• [C-0-10] يجب ألا يعرض أي مكتبات أصلية أخرى ، يتم تنفيذها وتوفيرها في AOSP كمكتبات للنظام ، لتطبيقات الطرف الثالث التي تستهدف مستوى API 24 أو أعلى عند حجزها.
• [C-0-11] يجب أن تصدر جميع رموز دالة OpenGL ES 3.1 و Android Pack ، على النحو المحدد في NDK ، من خلال مكتبة libGLESv3.so . لاحظ أنه على الرغم من أن جميع الرموز يجب أن تكون موجودة ، فإن القسم 7.1.4.1 يصف بمزيد من التفصيل متطلبات عندما يتوقع التنفيذ الكامل لكل وظائف مقابلة.
• [C-0-12] يجب libvulkan.so تصدر رموز دالة لرموز دالة Vulkan Core VK_KHR_swapchain وكذلك VK_KHR_surface ، VK_KHR_android_surface ، VK_KHR_maintenance1 ​​، VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2 ، لاحظ أنه على الرغم من أن جميع الرموز يجب أن تكون موجودة ، فإن القسم 7.1.4.2 يصف بمزيد من التفصيل متطلبات عندما يتوقع التنفيذ الكامل لكل وظائف مقابلة.
• يجب أن يتم إنشاؤه باستخدام الكود المصدري وملفات الرأس المتوفرة في مشروع Android مفتوح المصدر

لاحظ أن الإصدارات المستقبلية لنظام Android قد تقدم دعمًا لـ ABIs إضافية.

3.3.2. توافق الكود الأصلي ARM 32 بت

إذا أبلغت تطبيقات الأجهزة عن دعم armeabi Abi ، فإنها:

• [C-3-1] يجب أن يدعم أيضًا armeabi-v7a والإبلاغ عن دعمه ، حيث أن armeabi هو فقط للتوافق مع التطبيقات القديمة مع التطبيقات القديمة.

إذا أبلغت تطبيقات الأجهزة عن دعم armeabi-v7a ABI ، للتطبيقات التي تستخدم هذه ABI ، فإنها:

• يجب أن يتضمن [C-2-1] الخطوط التالية في /proc/cpuinfo ، ويجب ألا يغير القيم على نفس الجهاز ، حتى عندما يتم قراءتها من قبل ABIs الأخرى.

  • Features: ، تليها قائمة بأي ميزات وحدة المعالجة المركزية ARMV7 اختيارية تدعمها الجهاز.
  • CPU architecture: تليها عدد صحيح يصف بنية ذراع الجهاز المدعومة (على سبيل المثال ، "8" لأجهزة ARMV8).

• [C-2-2] يجب أن تبقي دائمًا العمليات التالية متاحة ، حتى في الحالة التي يتم فيها تنفيذ ABI على بنية ARMV8 ، إما من خلال دعم وحدة المعالجة المركزية الأصلية أو من خلال مضاونة البرامج:

  • تعليمات SWP و SWPB.
  • تعليمات الإعداد.
  • CP15ISB ، CP15DSB ، و CP15DMB عمليات الحاجز.

• يجب أن يتضمن [C-2-3] دعمًا لتمديد SIMD المتقدم (المعروف أيضًا باسم النيون).

3.4. التوافق مع الويب

3.4.1. التوافق مع عرض الويب

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة توفر تطبيقًا كاملاً لـ android.webkit.Webview API ، فإنهم:

• [C-1-1] يجب الإبلاغ عن android.software.webview .
• [C-1-2] يجب أن تستخدم إنشاء مشروع Chromium من مشروع Opterem Android Open Source على فرع Android 9 لتنفيذ android.webkit.WebView API.

• [C-1-3] يجب أن تكون سلسلة وكيل المستخدم التي أبلغ عنها WebView في هذا التنسيق:

  Mozilla/5.0 (Linux ؛ Android $ (الإصدار) ؛ [$ (model)] [build/$ (build)] ؛ WV) AppleWebkit/537.36 (KHTML ، مثل Gecko)

  • يجب أن تكون قيمة سلسلة $(VERSION) هي نفس قيمة android.os.Build.VERSION.RELEASE.
  • قد تكون سلسلة $ (Model) فارغة ، ولكن إذا لم تكن فارغة ، فيجب أن يكون لها نفس القيمة مثل Android.os.build.model.
  • قد يتم حذف "Build/$ (build)" ، ولكن إذا كان موجودًا ، يجب أن تكون سلسلة $ (build) هي نفس قيمة Android.OS.BUILD.ID.
  • يجب أن تكون قيمة سلسلة $ (chrom_ver) هي إصدار chromium في مشروع OpenStream Android Open Source.
  • قد تتجاهل تطبيقات الجهاز المحمول في سلسلة وكيل المستخدم.

• يجب أن يتضمن مكون WebView دعم أكبر عدد ممكن من ميزات HTML5 وإذا كان يدعم أن الميزة يجب أن تتوافق مع مواصفات HTML5 .

3.4.2. التوافق المتصفح

إذا كانت تطبيقات الأجهزة تتضمن تطبيق متصفح مستقل لتصفح الويب العام ، فإنها:

• [C-1-1] يجب أن يدعم كل من واجهات برمجة التطبيقات هذه المرتبطة بـ HTML5:
  • ذاكرة التخزين المؤقت للتطبيق/العملية غير المتصلة بالإنترنت
  • <vide> علامة
  • تحديد الموقع الجغرافي
• [C-1-2] يجب أن يدعم واجهة برمجة تطبيقات HTML5/W3C WebStorage ويجب أن تدعم API HTML5/W3C INSTERDB . لاحظ أنه مع انتقال أجسام معايير تطوير الويب لصالح indexedDB عبر WebStorage ، من المتوقع أن تصبح IndexedDB مكونًا مطلوبًا في إصدار مستقبلي من Android.
• قد شحن سلسلة وكيل مستخدم مخصصة في تطبيق المتصفح المستقل.
• يجب تنفيذ الدعم لأكبر قدر ممكن من HTML5 على تطبيق المتصفح المستقل (سواء استنادًا إلى تطبيق متصفح WebKit في المنبع أو استبدال الطرف الثالث).

ومع ذلك ، إذا لم تتضمن تطبيقات الأجهزة تطبيق متصفح مستقل ، فإنها:

• [C-2-1] يجب أن تدعم أنماط النية العامة كما هو موضح في القسم 3.2.3.1 .

3.5. التوافق السلوكي لواجهة برمجة التطبيقات (API).

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-9] يجب أن يضمن تطبيق توافق السلوك API لجميع التطبيقات المثبتة ما لم يتم تقييدها كما هو موضح في القسم 3.5.1 .
• [C-0-10] يجب ألا ينفذ نهج القائمة المسموح به يضمن التوافق السلوكي API فقط للتطبيقات التي يتم تحديدها من قبل منفذي الأجهزة.

يجب أن تكون سلوكيات كل نوع من أنواع API (المدارة ، الناعمة ، الأصلية ، والويب) متسقة مع التنفيذ المفضل لمشروع المصدر المفتوح في Android . بعض مجالات التوافق المحددة هي:

• [C-0-1] يجب ألا تغير الأجهزة سلوك أو دلالات النية القياسية.
• [C-0-2] يجب ألا تغير الأجهزة دلالات دورة الحياة أو دورة الحياة لنوع معين من مكونات النظام (مثل الخدمة ، النشاط ، ContentProvider ، إلخ).
• [C-0-3] يجب ألا تغير الأجهزة دلالات الإذن القياسي.
• يجب ألا تغير الأجهزة القيود المفروضة على تطبيقات الخلفية. بشكل أكثر تحديدًا ، لتطبيقات الخلفية:
  • [C-0-4] يجب عليهم التوقف عن تنفيذ عمليات الاسترجاعات المسجلة من قبل التطبيق لتلقي المخرجات من GnssMeasurement و GnssNavigationMessage .
  • [C-0-5] يجب عليهم تقييم تواتر التحديثات التي يتم توفيرها للتطبيق من خلال فئة API LocationManager أو طريقة WifiManager.startScan() .
  • [C-0-6] إذا كان التطبيق يستهدف مستوى API 25 أو أعلى ، فيجب ألا يسمحوا بتسجيل أجهزة استقبال البث للبث الضمني لنوايا Android القياسية في بيان التطبيق ، ما لم تتطلب نية البث "توقيع" أو "" توقيع "أو "signature" أو "signatureOrSystem" protectionLevel Semission أو موجودة في قائمة الإعفاء .
  • [C-0-7] إذا كان التطبيق يستهدف مستوى API 25 أو أعلى ، فيجب عليهم إيقاف خدمات خلفية التطبيق ، تمامًا كما لو أن التطبيق قد أطلق على طريقة stopSelf() ، ما لم يتم وضع التطبيق على قائمة الإسمح المؤقتة للتعامل مع مهمة مرئية للمستخدم.
  • [C-0-8] إذا كان التطبيق يستهدف مستوى API 25 أو أعلى ، فيجب عليه إصدار Wakelocks الذي يحمله التطبيق.
• [C-0-9] يجب على الأجهزة إرجاع مقدمي خدمات الأمان التالية كقيم الصفيف السبعة الأولى من طريقة Security.getProviders() بالترتيب المحدد ومع الأسماء المعطاة (كما تم إرجاعها بواسطة Provider.getName() ) والفئات ، ما لم يقم التطبيق بتعديل القائمة عبر insertProviderAt() أو removeProvider() . يجوز للأجهزة إرجاع مقدمي الخدمات الإضافية بعد القائمة المحددة لمقدمي الخدمات أدناه.
  1. Androidnssp - android.security.net.config.NetworkSecurityConfigProvider
  2. Androidopenssl - com.android.org.conscrypt.OpenSSLProvider
  3. certpathprovider - sun.security.provider.CertPathProvider
  4. AndroidKeyStoreBcworkAround - android.security.keystore.AndroidKeyStoreBCWorkaroundProvider
  5. BC - com.android.org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider
  6. Harmonyjsse - com.android.org.conscrypt.JSSEProvider
  7. AndroidKeystore - android.security.keystore.AndroidKeyStoreProvider

القائمة أعلاه ليست شاملة. يختبر مجموعة اختبار التوافق (CTS) أجزاء كبيرة من النظام الأساسي للتوافق السلوكي ، ولكن ليس كل شيء. تقع على عاتق المنفذ مسؤولية ضمان التوافق السلوكي مع مشروع Android Open Source. لهذا السبب ، يجب على منفذي الأجهزة استخدام التعليمات البرمجية المصدر المتاحة عبر مشروع Android Open Source حيثما أمكن ، بدلاً من إعادة تنفيذ أجزاء كبيرة من النظام.

3.5.1. تقييد الخلفية

إذا قامت تطبيقات الأجهزة بتطبيق قيود التطبيق المدرجة في AOSP أو تمديد قيود التطبيق ، فإنها:

• [C-SR] يوصى بشدة بتوفير تكلفة المستخدم حيث يمكن للمستخدم رؤية قائمة التطبيقات المقيدة.
• يجب أن يوفر [C-1-2] تكاليف المستخدم لتشغيل / إيقاف القيود المفروضة على كل تطبيق.
• [C-1-3] يجب ألا يطبقوا تلقائيًا قيودًا دون دليل على سوء السلوك الصحي للنظام ، ولكن قد يطبق القيود المفروضة على التطبيقات عند اكتشاف السلوك الصحي السيئ للنظام مثل Wakelocks عالقة ، وخدمات طويلة المدى ، وغيرها من المعايير. قد يتم تحديد المعايير من قبل منفذي الأجهزة ولكن يجب أن تكون مرتبطة بتأثير التطبيق على صحة النظام. يجب عدم استخدام المعايير الأخرى التي لا ترتبط بحتة بصحة النظام ، مثل افتقار التطبيق للشعبية في السوق ، كمعايير.
• [C-1-4] يجب ألا تطبق تلقائيًا قيود التطبيق على التطبيقات عندما يقوم المستخدم بإيقاف قيود التطبيق يدويًا ، وقد يوحي للمستخدم بتطبيق قيود التطبيق.
• [C-1-5] يجب أن إبلاغ المستخدمين إذا تم تطبيق قيود التطبيق على تطبيق ما تلقائيًا.
• [C-1-6] يجب أن تعود true لـ ActivityManager.isBackgroundRestricted() عندما يستدعي التطبيق المقيد واجهة برمجة التطبيقات هذه.
• [C-1-7] يجب ألا تقيد تطبيق المقدمة العلوي الذي يستخدمه المستخدم بشكل صريح.
• [C-1-8] يجب أن يعلق القيود على التطبيق الذي يصبح التطبيق الأمامي العلوي عندما يبدأ المستخدم صراحة في استخدام التطبيق الذي كان مقيدًا.
• [C-1-9] يجب الإبلاغ عن جميع أحداث تقييد التطبيق عبر UsageStats . إذا قامت تطبيقات الأجهزة بتمديد قيود التطبيقات التي يتم تنفيذها في AOSP ، فيجب اتباع التنفيذ الموضح في هذا المستند .

3.6. مساحات أسماء API

يتبع Android اتفاقيات مساحة اسم الحزمة والفئة المحددة بواسطة لغة برمجة Java. لضمان التوافق مع تطبيقات الطرف الثالث ، يجب ألا يقوم منفذي الأجهزة بإجراء أي تعديلات محظورة (انظر أدناه) على مساحات أسماء الحزمة هذه:

• java.*
• javax.*
• sun.*
• android.*
• androidx.*
• com.android.*

هذا هو ، هم:

• [C-0-1] يجب ألا يعدل واجهات برمجة التطبيقات المكشوفة للجمهور على منصة Android عن طريق تغيير أي طريقة أو توقيعات فئة ، أو عن طريق إزالة الفئات أو حقول الفصل.
• [C-0-2] يجب ألا تضيف أي عناصر مكشوفة علنًا (مثل الفئات أو الواجهات ، أو الحقول أو الأساليب إلى الفئات أو الواجهات الموجودة) أو اختبار واجهات برمجة التطبيقات (APIs) في واجهات برمجة التطبيقات في مساحات الأسماء المذكورة أعلاه. "العنصر المكشوف علنًا" هو أي بناء غير مزين بعلامة "Hide" كما هو مستخدم في رمز مصدر Android في المنبع.

يجوز لمنفذي الأجهزة تعديل التنفيذ الأساسي لواجهة برمجة التطبيقات ، ولكن مثل هذه التعديلات:

• [C-0-3] يجب ألا يؤثر على السلوك المعلن وتوقيع اللغة Java لأي واجهات برمجة تطبيقات مكشوفة للجمهور.
• [C-0-4] يجب ألا يتم الإعلان عنها أو تعرضها للمطورين.

However, device implementers MAY add custom APIs outside the standard Android namespace, but the custom APIs:

• [C-0-5] MUST NOT be in a namespace owned by or referring to another organization. على سبيل المثال ، يجب على منفذي الأجهزة عدم إضافة واجهات برمجة التطبيقات إلى com.google.* أو مساحة الاسم المماثلة: قد تقوم Google بذلك فقط. وبالمثل ، يجب ألا تضيف Google واجهات برمجة التطبيقات إلى مساحات أسماء الشركات الأخرى.
• [C-0-6] MUST be packaged in an Android shared library so that only apps that explicitly use them (via the <uses-library> mechanism) are affected by the increased memory usage of such APIs.

إذا اقترح تطبيق الجهاز تحسين أحد مساحات أسماء الحزمة أعلاه (مثل إضافة وظائف جديدة مفيدة إلى واجهة برمجة تطبيقات موجودة ، أو إضافة واجهة برمجة تطبيقات جديدة) ، يجب على المنفذ زيارة Source.android.com وبدء العملية للمساهمة في التغييرات و رمز ، وفقا للمعلومات الواردة في هذا الموقع.

لاحظ أن القيود المذكورة أعلاه تتوافق مع الاتفاقيات القياسية لتسمية واجهات برمجة التطبيقات في لغة برمجة Java ؛ يهدف هذا القسم ببساطة إلى تعزيز تلك الاتفاقيات وجعلها ملزمة من خلال التضمين في تعريف التوافق هذا.

3.7. التوافق وقت التشغيل

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST support the full Dalvik Executable (DEX) format and Dalvik bytecode specification and semantics .

• [C-0-2] MUST configure Dalvik runtimes to allocate memory in accordance with the upstream Android platform, and as specified by the following table. (See section 7.1.1 for screen size and screen density definitions.)

• SHOULD use Android RunTime (ART), the reference upstream implementation of the Dalvik Executable Format, and the reference implementation's package management system.

• SHOULD run fuzz tests under various modes of execution and target architectures to assure the stability of the runtime. Refer to JFuzz and DexFuzz in the Android Open Source Project website.

Note that memory values specified below are considered minimum values and device implementations MAY allocate more memory per application.

3.8. توافق واجهة المستخدم

3.8.1. المشغل (الشاشة الرئيسية)

يتضمن Android تطبيق قاذفة (الشاشة الرئيسية) ودعم تطبيقات الطرف الثالث لاستبدال قاذفة الجهاز (الشاشة الرئيسية).

If device implementations allow third-party applications to replace the device home screen, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare the platform feature android.software.home_screen .
• [C-1-2] MUST return the AdaptiveIconDrawable object when the third-party application use <adaptive-icon> tag to provide their icon, and the PackageManager methods to retrieve icons are called.

If device implementations include a default launcher that supports in-app pinning of shortcuts, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST report true for ShortcutManager.isRequestPinShortcutSupported() .
• [C-2-2] MUST have user affordance asking the user before adding a shortcut requested by apps via the ShortcutManager.requestPinShortcut() API method.
• [C-2-3] MUST support pinned shortcuts and dynamic and static shortcuts as documented on the App Shortcuts page .

Conversely, if device implementations do not support in-app pinning of shortcuts, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST report false for ShortcutManager.isRequestPinShortcutSupported() .

If device implementations implement a default launcher that provides quick access to the additional shortcuts provided by third-party apps through the ShortcutManager API, they:

• [C-4-1] MUST support all documented shortcut features (eg static and dynamic shortcuts, pinning shortcuts) and fully implement the APIs of the ShortcutManager API class.

If device implementations include a default launcher app that shows badges for the app icons, they:

• [C-5-1] MUST respect the NotificationChannel.setShowBadge() API method. In other words, show a visual affordance associated with the app icon if the value is set as true , and do not show any app icon badging scheme when all of the app's notification channels have set the value as false .
• MAY override the app icon badges with their proprietary badging scheme when third-party applications indicate support of the proprietary badging scheme through the use of proprietary APIs, but SHOULD use the resources and values provided through the notification badges APIs described in the SDK , such as the Notification.Builder.setNumber() and the Notification.Builder.setBadgeIconType() API.

3.8.2. الحاجيات

Android supports third-party app widgets by defining a component type and corresponding API and lifecycle that allows applications to expose an “AppWidget” to the end user.

If device implementations support third-party app widgets, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare support for platform feature android.software.app_widgets .
• [C-1-2] MUST include built-in support for AppWidgets and expose user interface affordances to add, configure, view, and remove AppWidgets directly within the Launcher.
• [C-1-3] MUST be capable of rendering widgets that are 4 x 4 in the standard grid size. See the App Widget DesignGuidelines in the Android SDK documentation for details.
• MAY support application widgets on the lock screen.

If device implementations support third-party app widgets and in-app pinning of shortcuts, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST report true for AppWidgetManager.html.isRequestPinAppWidgetSupported() .
• [C-2-2] MUST have user affordance asking the user before adding a shortcut requested by apps via the AppWidgetManager.requestPinAppWidget() API method.

3.8.3. إشعارات

Android includes Notification and NotificationManager APIs that allow third-party app developers to notify users of notable events and attract users' attention using the hardware components (eg sound, vibration and light) and software features (eg notification shade, system bar) of the device .

3.8.3.1. Presentation of Notifications

If device implementations allow third-party apps to notify users of notable events , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support notifications that use hardware features, as described in the SDK documentation, and to the extent possible with the device implementation hardware. على سبيل المثال ، إذا كان تطبيق الجهاز يتضمن هزازًا ، فيجب عليه تطبيق واجهات برمجة تطبيقات الاهتزاز بشكل صحيح. إذا كان تطبيق الجهاز يفتقر إلى الأجهزة ، فيجب تنفيذ واجهات برمجة التطبيقات المقابلة على أنه لا يوجد. تم تفصيل هذا السلوك في القسم 7 .
• [C-1-2] MUST correctly render all resources (icons, animation files, etc.) provided for in the APIs, or in the Status/System Bar icon style guide , although they MAY provide an alternative user experience for notifications than that provided by the reference Android Open Source implementation.
• [C-1-3] MUST honor and implement properly the behaviors described for the APIs to update, remove and group notifications.
• [C-1-4] MUST provide the full behavior of the NotificationChannel API documented in the SDK.
• [C-1-5] MUST provide a user affordance to block and modify a certain third-party app's notification per each channel and app package level.
• [C-1-6] MUST also provide a user affordance to display deleted notification channels.
• [C-1-7] MUST correctly render all resources (images, stickers, icons, etc.) provided through Notification.MessagingStyle alongside the notification text without additional user interaction. For example, MUST show all resources including icons provided through android.app.Person in a group conversation that is set through setGroupConversation .
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to automatically surface a user affordance to block a certain third-party app's notification per each channel and app package level after the user dismisses that notification multiple times.
• SHOULD support rich notifications.
• SHOULD present some higher priority notifications as heads-up notifications.
• SHOULD have a user affordance to snooze notifications.
• MAY only manage the visibility and timing of when third-party apps can notify users of notable events to mitigate safety issues such as driver distraction.

If device implementations support rich notifications, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST use the exact resources as provided through the Notification.Style API class and its subclasses for the presented resource elements.
• SHOULD present each and every resource element (eg icon, title and summary text) defined in the Notification.Style API class and its subclasses.

If device implementations support heads-up notifications: they:

• [C-3-1] MUST use the heads-up notification view and resources as described in the Notification.Builder API class when heads-up notifications are presented.
• [C-3-2] MUST display the actions provided through Notification.Builder.addAction() together with the notification content without additional user interaction as described in the SDK .

3.8.3.2. Notification Listener Service

Android includes the NotificationListenerService APIs that allow apps (once explicitly enabled by the user) to receive a copy of all notifications as they are posted or updated.

If device implementations report the feature flag android.hardware.ram.normal , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST correctly and promptly update notifications in their entirety to all such installed and user-enabled listener services, including any and all metadata attached to the Notification object.
• [C-1-2] MUST respect the snoozeNotification() API call, and dismiss the notification and make a callback after the snooze duration that is set in the API call.

If device implementations have a user affordance to snooze notifications, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST reflect the snoozed notification status properly through the standard APIs such as NotificationListenerService.getSnoozedNotifications() .
• [C-2-2] MUST make this user affordance available to snooze notifications from each installed third-party app's, unless they are from persistent/foreground services.

3.8.3.3. DND (Do not Disturb)

If device implementations support the DND feature, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement an activity that would respond to the intent ACTION_NOTIFICATION_POLICY_ACCESS_SETTINGS , which for implementations with UI_MODE_TYPE_NORMAL it MUST be an activity where the user can grant or deny the app access to DND policy configurations.
• [C-1-2] MUST, for when the device implementation has provided a means for the user to grant or deny third-party apps to access the DND policy configuration, display Automatic DND rules created by applications alongside the user-created and pre-defined rules.
• [C-1-3] MUST honor the suppressedVisualEffects values passed along the NotificationManager.Policy and if an app has set any of the SUPPRESSED_EFFECT_SCREEN_OFF or SUPPRESSED_EFFECT_SCREEN_ON flags, it SHOULD indicate to the user that the visual effects are suppressed in the DND settings menu.

3.8.4. يبحث

يشتمل Android على واجهات برمجة التطبيقات التي تسمح للمطورين بدمج البحث في تطبيقاتهم وفضح بيانات تطبيقهم في بحث النظام العالمي. بشكل عام ، تتكون هذه الوظيفة من واجهة مستخدم واحدة على مستوى النظام تتيح للمستخدمين إدخال استعلامات ، وتعرض الاقتراحات كنوع المستخدمين ، ويعرض النتائج. تتيح واجهات برمجة تطبيقات Android للمطورين إعادة استخدام هذه الواجهة لتوفير البحث داخل تطبيقاتهم الخاصة والسماح للمطورين بتوفير النتائج لواجهة مستخدم البحث العالمية الشائعة.

• يجب أن تتضمن تطبيقات أجهزة Android البحث العالمي ، واجهة مستخدم بحثية واحدة ، مشتركة ، على مستوى النظام ، قادرة على اقتراحات الوقت الفعلي استجابةً لإدخال المستخدم.

If device implementations implement the global search interface, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement the APIs that allow third-party applications to add suggestions to the search box when it is run in global search mode.

If no third-party applications are installed that make use of the global search:

• The default behavior SHOULD be to display web search engine results and suggestions.

يتضمن Android أيضًا واجهات برمجة تطبيقات Assist للسماح للتطبيقات بانتخاب مقدار المعلومات التي يتم مشاركتها مع المساعد على المساعد على الجهاز.

If device implementations support the Assist action, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST indicate clearly to the end user when the context is shared, by either:
  • Each time the assist app accesses the context, displaying a white light around the edges of the screen that meet or exceed the duration and brightness of the Android Open Source Project implementation.
  • For the preinstalled assist app, providing a user affordance less than two navigations away from the default voice input and assistant app settings menu , and only sharing the context when the assist app is explicitly invoked by the user through a hotword or assist navigation key input.
• [C-2-2] The designated interaction to launch the assist app as described in section 7.2.3 MUST launch the user-selected assist app, in other words the app that implements VoiceInteractionService , or an activity handling the ACTION_ASSIST intent.

3.8.5. Alerts and Toasts

Applications can use the Toast API to display short non-modal strings to the end user that disappear after a brief period of time, and use the TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY window type API to display alert windows as an overlay over other apps.

If device implementations include a screen or video output, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST provide a user affordance to block an app from displaying alert windows that use the TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY . The AOSP implementation meets this requirement by having controls in the notification shade.

• [C-1-2] MUST honor the Toast API and display Toasts from applications to end users in some highly visible manner.

3.8.6. المواضيع

يوفر Android "موضوعات" كآلية للتطبيقات لتطبيق الأنماط عبر نشاط أو تطبيق كامل.

Android includes a “Holo” and "Material" theme family as a set of defined styles for application developers to use if they want to match the Holo theme look and feel as defined by the Android SDK.

If device implementations include a screen or video output, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST NOT alter any of the Holo theme attributes exposed to applications.
• [C-1-2] MUST support the “Material” theme family and MUST NOT alter any of the Material theme attributes or their assets exposed to applications.

يشتمل Android أيضًا على عائلة سمة "Device Default" كمجموعة من الأساليب المحددة لمطوري التطبيقات لاستخدامها إذا كانوا يريدون مطابقة مظهر ومظهر الجهاز كما هو محدد من قبل تطبيق الجهاز.

• قد تعدل تطبيقات الجهاز سمات السمة الافتراضية للجهاز المعرضة للتطبيقات.

يدعم Android سمة متغيرة مع أشرطة نظام شفافة ، والتي تتيح لمطوري التطبيقات ملء المنطقة خلف شريط الحالة والملاحة بمحتوى التطبيق الخاص بهم. لتمكين تجربة مطور متسقة في هذا التكوين ، من المهم الحفاظ على نمط رمز شريط الحالة عبر تطبيقات الأجهزة المختلفة.

If device implementations include a system status bar, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST use white for system status icons (such as signal strength and battery level) and notifications issued by the system, unless the icon is indicating a problematic status or an app requests a light status bar using the SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LIGHT_STATUS_BAR flag .
• [C-2-2] Android device implementations MUST change the color of the system status icons to black (for details, refer to R.style ) when an app requests a light status bar.

3.8.7. خلفيات حية

يحدد Android نوع المكون و API ودورة الحياة المقابلة التي تسمح للتطبيقات بفضح "خلفيات حية" واحدة أو أكثر للمستخدم النهائي. خلفيات الحية هي رسوم متحركة أو أنماط أو صور مماثلة مع إمكانات إدخال محدودة تعرض كخلفية ، وراء التطبيقات الأخرى.

تعتبر الأجهزة قادرة على تشغيل خلفيات حية بشكل موثوق إذا كان بإمكانها تشغيل جميع خلفيات حية ، مع عدم وجود قيود على الوظيفة ، بمعدل إطار معقول دون أي آثار سلبية على التطبيقات الأخرى. إذا تسبب القيود في الأجهزة في خلفيات و/أو تطبيقات إلى تعطل ، أو عطل ، أو تستهلك وحدة المعالجة المركزية المفرطة أو طاقة البطارية ، أو تعمل بمعدلات إطار منخفضة بشكل غير مقبول ، فإن الأجهزة تعتبر غير قادرة على تشغيل خلفية حية. على سبيل المثال ، قد تستخدم بعض الخلفيات الحية سياق OpenGL 2.0 أو 3.x لتقديم محتواها. لن يتم تشغيل خلفية حية بشكل موثوق على الأجهزة التي لا تدعم سياقات OpenGL متعددة لأن استخدام خلفية الحجرة المباشرة لسياق OpenGL قد يتعارض مع التطبيقات الأخرى التي تستخدم أيضًا سياق OpenGL.

• Device implementations capable of running live wallpapers reliably as described above SHOULD implement live wallpapers.

If device implementations implement live wallpapers, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report the platform feature flag android.software.live_wallpaper.

3.8.8. تبديل النشاط

يتضمن رمز مصدر Android Opstream شاشة النظرة العامة ، وواجهة مستخدم على مستوى النظام لتبديل المهام وعرض الأنشطة والمهام التي تم الوصول إليها مؤخرًا باستخدام صورة مصغرة لحالة الرسوم البيانية للتطبيق في اللحظة التي غادر فيها المستخدم آخر التطبيق.

Device implementations including the recents function navigation key as detailed in section 7.2.3 MAY alter the interface.

If device implementations including the recents function navigation key as detailed in section 7.2.3 alter the interface, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support at least up to 7 displayed activities.
• يجب على الأقل عرض عنوان 4 أنشطة في وقت واحد.
• [C-1-2] MUST implement the screen pinning behavior and provide the user with a settings menu to toggle the feature.
• يجب عرض تسليط الضوء على اللون ، أيقونة ، عنوان الشاشة في Recents.
• يجب أن تعرض تكاليف إغلاق ("X") ولكن قد يؤخر ذلك حتى يتفاعل المستخدم مع الشاشات.
• SHOULD implement a shortcut to switch easily to the previous activity.
• يجب أن تؤدي إلى إجراء التبديل السريع بين التطبيقين الذين تم استخدامهما مؤخرًا ، عندما يتم استغلال مفتاح وظيفة Recents مرتين.
• يجب أن تؤدي إلى ظهور وضع MultiWindow Multiwindow ، إذا تم دعمه ، عندما يتم الضغط على مفتاح وظائف Recents منذ فترة طويلة.
• قد تعرض عمليات الاسترداد التابعة كمجموعة تتحرك معًا.
• [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to use the upstream Android user interface (or a similar thumbnail-based interface) for the overview screen.

3.8.9. إدارة المدخلات

يتضمن Android دعمًا لإدارة المدخلات ودعم محرري طريقة إدخال الطرف الثالث.

If device implementations allow users to use third-party input methods on the device, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare the platform feature android.software.input_methods and support IME APIs as defined in the Android SDK documentation.
• [C-1-2] MUST provide a user-accessible mechanism to add and configure third-party input methods in response to the android.settings.INPUT_METHOD_SETTINGS intent.

If device implementations declare the android.software.autofill feature flag, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST fully implement the AutofillService and AutofillManager APIs and honor the android.settings.REQUEST_SET_AUTOFILL_SERVICE intent to show a default app settings menu to enable and disable autofill and change the default autofill service for the user.

3.8.10. التحكم في وسائط شاشة القفل

يتم إهمال واجهة برمجة تطبيقات عميل التحكم عن بُعد من Android 5.0 لصالح قالب إعلام الوسائط الذي يسمح لتطبيقات الوسائط بالاندماج مع عناصر التحكم في التشغيل التي يتم عرضها على شاشة القفل.

3.8.11. حافظات الشاشة (Dreams سابقًا)

يتضمن Android دعمًا لـ InterctivesCreensavers ، يشار إليه سابقًا باسم الأحلام. يتيح مدخرات الشاشة للمستخدمين التفاعل مع التطبيقات عندما يكون الجهاز المتصل بمصدر طاقة خاملاً أو مرسومة في رصيف مكتب. Android Watch devices MAY implement screen savers, but other types of device implementations SHOULD include support for screen savers and provide a settings option for users to configure screen savers in response to the android.settings.DREAM_SETTINGS intent.

3.8.12. موقع

If device implementations include a hardware sensor (eg GPS) that is capable of providing the location coordinates, they

• [C-1-2] MUST display the current status of location in the Location menu within Settings.
• [C-1-3] MUST NOT display location modes in the Location menu within Settings.

3.8.13. يونيكود والخط

Android includes support for the emoji characters defined in Unicode 10.0 .

If device implementations include a screen or video output, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST be capable of rendering these emoji characters in color glyph.
• [C-1-2] MUST include support for:
  • Roboto 2 font with different weights—sans-serif-thin, sans-serif-light, sans-serif-medium, sans-serif-black, sans-serif-condensed, sans-serif-condensed-light for the languages available on the جهاز.
  • Full Unicode 7.0 coverage of Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic, including the Latin Extended A, B, C, and D ranges, and all glyphs in the currency symbols block of Unicode 7.0.
• SHOULD support the skin tone and diverse family emojis as specified in the Unicode Technical Report #51 .

If device implementations include an IME, they:

• SHOULD provide an input method to the user for these emoji characters.

3.8.14. نوافذ متعددة

If device implementations have the capability to display multiple activities at the same time, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement such multi-window mode(s) in accordance with the application behaviors and APIs described in the Android SDK multi-window mode support documentation and meet the following requirements:
• [C-1-2] Applications can indicate whether they are capable of operating in multi-window mode in the AndroidManifest.xml file, either explicitly via setting the android:resizeableActivity attribute to true or implicitly by having the targetSdkVersion > 24. Apps that explicitly set this attribute to false in their manifest MUST NOT be launched in multi-window mode. Older apps with targetSdkVersion < 24 that did not set this android:resizeableActivity attribute MAY be launched in multi-window mode, but the system MUST provide warning that the app may not work as expected in multi-window mode.
• [C-1-3] MUST NOT offer split-screen or freeform mode if the screen height < 440 dp and the screen width < 440 dp.
• يجب أن تدعم تطبيقات الجهاز مع حجم الشاشة xlarge وضع Freeform.

If device implementations support multi-window mode(s), and the split screen mode, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST preload a resizeable launcher as the default.
• [C-2-2] MUST crop the docked activity of a split-screen multi-window but SHOULD show some content of it, if the Launcher app is the focused window.
• [C-2-3] MUST honor the declared AndroidManifestLayout_minWidth and AndroidManifestLayout_minHeight values of the third-party launcher application and not override these values in the course of showing some content of the docked activity.

If device implementations support multi-window mode(s) and picture-in-picture multi-window mode, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST launch activities in picture-in-picture multi-window mode when the app is: * Targeting API level 26 or higher and declares android:supportsPictureInPicture * Targeting API level 25 or lower and declares both android:resizeableActivity and android:supportsPictureInPicture .
• [C-3-2] MUST expose the actions in their SystemUI as specified by the current PIP activity through the setActions() API.
• [C-3-3] MUST support aspect ratios greater than or equal to 1:2.39 and less than or equal to 2.39:1, as specified by the PIP activity through the setAspectRatio() API.
• [C-3-4] MUST use KeyEvent.KEYCODE_WINDOW to control the PIP window; if PIP mode is not implemented, the key MUST be available to the foreground activity.
• [C-3-5] MUST provide a user affordance to block an app from displaying in PIP mode; the AOSP implementation meets this requirement by having controls in the notification shade.
• [C-3-6] MUST allocate minimum width and height of 108 dp for the PIP window and minimum width of 240 dp and height of 135 dp for the PIP window when the Configuration.uiMode is configured as UI_MODE_TYPE_TELEVISION .

3.8.15. Display Cutout

Android supports a Display Cutout as described in the SDK document. The DisplayCutout API defines an area on the edge of the display that is not functional for displaying content.

If device implementations include display cutout(s), they:

• [C-1-1] MUST only have cutout(s) on the short edge(s) of the device. Conversely, if the device's aspect ratio is 1.0(1:1), they MUST NOT have cutout(s).
• [C-1-2] MUST NOT have more than one cutout per edge.
• [C-1-3] MUST honor the display cutout flags set by the app through the WindowManager.LayoutParams API as described in the SDK.
• [C-1-4] MUST report correct values for all cutout metrics defined in the DisplayCutout API.

3.9. إدارة الجهاز

يتضمن Android ميزات تسمح لتطبيقات الأمن التي تدرك الأمن بتنفيذ وظائف إدارة الجهاز على مستوى النظام ، مثل فرض سياسات كلمة المرور أو إجراء مسح عن بُعد ، من خلال واجهة برمجة تطبيقات أجهزة Android .

If device implementations implement the full range of device administration policies defined in the Android SDK documentation, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare android.software.device_admin .
• [C-1-2] MUST support device owner provisioning as described in section 3.9.1 and section 3.9.1.1 .

3.9.1 توفير الأجهزة

3.9.1.1 توفير مالك الجهاز

If device implementations declare android.software.device_admin , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support enrolling a Device Policy Client (DPC) as a Device Owner app as described below:
  • When the device implementation has no user data is configured yet, it:
    • [C-1-3] MUST report true for DevicePolicyManager.isProvisioningAllowed(ACTION_PROVISION_MANAGED_DEVICE) .
    • [C-1-4] MUST enroll the DPC application as the Device Owner app in response to the intent action android.app.action.PROVISION_MANAGED_DEVICE .
    • [C-1-5] MUST enroll the DPC application as the Device Owner app if the device declares Near-Field Communications (NFC) support via the feature flag android.hardware.nfc and receives an NFC message containing a record with MIME type MIME_TYPE_PROVISIONING_NFC .
  • عندما يكون لتطبيق الجهاز بيانات المستخدم ، فإنه:
    • [C-1-6] MUST report false for the DevicePolicyManager.isProvisioningAllowed(ACTION_PROVISION_MANAGED_DEVICE) .
    • [C-1-7] MUST not enroll any DPC application as the Device Owner App any more.
• [C-1-2] MUST require some affirmative action during the provisioning process to consent to the app being set as Device Owner. Consent can be via user action or by some programmatic means during provisioning but it MUST NOT be hard coded or prevent the use of other Device Owner apps.

If device implementations declare android.software.device_admin , but also include a proprietary Device Owner management solution and provide a mechanism to promote an application configured in their solution as a "Device Owner equivalent" to the standard "Device Owner" as recognized by the standard Android DevicePolicyManager APIs, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST have a process in place to verify that the specific app being promoted belongs to a legitimate enterprise device management solution and it has been already configured in the proprietary solution to have the rights equivalent as a "Device Owner" .
• [C-2-2] MUST show the same AOSP Device Owner consent disclosure as the flow initiated by android.app.action.PROVISION_MANAGED_DEVICE prior to enrolling the DPC application as "Device Owner".
• MAY have user data on the device prior to enrolling the DPC application as "Device Owner".

3.9.1.2 توفير ملف التعريف المُدار

If device implementations declare android.software.managed_users , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement the APIs allowing a Device Policy Controller (DPC) application to become the owner of a new Managed Profile .

• [C-1-2] The managed profile provisioning process (the flow initiated by android.app.action.PROVISION_MANAGED_PROFILE ) users experience MUST align with the AOSP implementation.

• [C-1-3] MUST provide the following user affordances within the Settings to indicate to the user when a particular system function has been disabled by the Device Policy Controller (DPC):

  • أيقونة ثابتة أو غيرها من تحمل تكاليف المستخدم (على سبيل المثال رمز معلومات AOSP المنبع) لتمثيله عندما يتم تقييد إعداد معين بواسطة مسؤول الجهاز.
  • رسالة شرح قصيرة ، كما هو موضح من قبل مسؤول الجهاز عبر setShortSupportMessage .
  • أيقونة تطبيق DPC.

3.9.2 دعم ملف التعريف المُدار

If device implementations declare android.software.managed_users , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support managed profiles via the android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager APIs.
• [C-1-2] MUST allow one and only one managed profile to be created .
• [C-1-3] MUST use an icon badge (similar to the AOSP upstream work badge) to represent the managed applications and widgets and other badged UI elements like Recents & Notifications.
• [C-1-4] MUST display a notification icon (similar to the AOSP upstream work badge) to indicate when user is within a managed profile application.
• [C-1-5] MUST display a toast indicating that the user is in the managed profile if and when the device wakes up (ACTION_USER_PRESENT) and the foreground application is within the managed profile.
• [C-1-6] Where a managed profile exists, MUST show a visual affordance in the Intent 'Chooser' to allow the user to forward the intent from the managed profile to the primary user or vice versa, if enabled by the Device Policy مراقب.
• [C-1-7] Where a managed profile exists, MUST expose the following user affordances for both the primary user and the managed profile:
  • منفصل عن المحاسبة للبطارية والموقع وبيانات الهاتف المحمول واستخدام التخزين للمستخدم الأساسي والملف الشخصي المدار.
  • الإدارة المستقلة لتطبيقات VPN المثبتة داخل المستخدم الأساسي أو الملف الشخصي المدار.
  • الإدارة المستقلة للتطبيقات المثبتة داخل المستخدم الأساسي أو الملف الشخصي المدار.
  • الإدارة المستقلة للحسابات داخل المستخدم الأساسي أو الملف الشخصي المدارة.
• [C-1-8] MUST ensure the preinstalled dialer, contacts and messaging applications can search for and look up caller information from the managed profile (if one exists) alongside those from the primary profile, if the Device Policy Controller permits it.
• [C-1-9] MUST ensure that it satisfies all the security requirements applicable for a device with multiple users enabled (see section 9.5 ), even though the managed profile is not counted as another user in addition to the primary user.
• [C-1-10] MUST support the ability to specify a separate lock screen meeting the following requirements to grant access to apps running in a managed profile.
  • يجب أن تكرم تطبيقات الجهاز جهاز DevicePolicyManager.ACTION_SET_NEW_PASSWORD واعرض واجهة لتكوين بيانات اعتماد شاشة قفل منفصلة للملف الشخصي المدار.
  • The lock screen credentials of the managed profile MUST use the same credential storage and management mechanisms as the parent profile, as documented on the Android Open Source Project Site .
  • يجب أن تنطبق سياسات كلمة مرور DPC على بيانات اعتماد شاشة قفل الملف الشخصي فقط ما لم يتم استدعاء مثيل DevicePolicyManager الذي تم إرجاعه بواسطة GetParentProfileInstance .
• عندما يتم عرض جهات الاتصال من ملف التعريف المدارة في سجل المكالمات المُثبت مسبقًا ، واتصالات IN IN ، وإخطارات قيد التنفيذ والمكالمات الفائتة ، وجهات الاتصال وتطبيقات المراسلة ، يجب أن تكون خافتة مع نفس الشارة المستخدمة للإشارة إلى تطبيقات الملف الشخصي المدارة.

3.9.3 Managed User Support

If device implementations declare android.software.managed_users , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST provide a user affordance to logout from the current user and switch back to the primary user in multiple-user session when isLogoutEnabled returns true . The user affordance MUST be accessible from the lockscreen without unlocking the device.

3.10. إمكانية الوصول

يوفر Android طبقة إمكانية الوصول التي تساعد المستخدمين على إعاقة للتنقل في أجهزتهم بسهولة أكبر. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، يوفر Android واجهات برمجة تطبيقات النظام الأساسي التي تتيح تطبيقات خدمة الوصول من تلقي عمليات الاسترجاعات لأحداث المستخدم والنظام وإنشاء آليات ردود فعل بديلة ، مثل النص إلى الكلام ، والتعليقات haptic ، والملاحة التربوية/D-PAD.

If device implementations support third-party accessibility services, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST provide an implementation of the Android accessibility framework as described in the accessibility APIs SDK documentation.
• [C-1-2] MUST generate accessibility events and deliver the appropriate AccessibilityEvent to all registered AccessibilityService implementations as documented in the SDK.
• [C-1-3] MUST honor the android.settings.ACCESSIBILITY_SETTINGS intent to provide a user-accessible mechanism to enable and disable the third-party accessibility services alongside the preinstalled accessibility services.
• [C-1-4] MUST add a button in the system's navigation bar allowing the user to control the accessibility service when the enabled accessibility services declare the AccessibilityServiceInfo.FLAG_REQUEST_ACCESSIBILITY_BUTTON . Note that for device implementations with no system navigation bar, this requirement is not applicable, but device implementations SHOULD provide a user affordance to control these accessibility services.

If device implementations include preinstalled accessibility services, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST implement these preinstalled accessibility services as Direct Boot Aware apps when the data storage is encrypted with File Based Encryption (FBE).
• SHOULD provide a mechanism in the out-of-box setup flow for users to enable relevant accessibility services, as well as options to adjust the font size, display size and magnification gestures.

3.11. النص إلى الكلام

Android includes APIs that allow applications to make use of text-to-speech (TTS) services and allows service providers to provide implementations of TTS services.

If device implementations reporting the feature android.hardware.audio.output, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support the Android TTS framework APIs.

If device implementations support installation of third-party TTS engines, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST provide user affordance to allow the user to select a TTS engine for use at system level.

3.12. إطار إدخال التلفزيون

The Android Television Input Framework (TIF) simplifies the delivery of live content to Android Television devices. TIF provides a standard API to create input modules that control Android Television devices.

If device implementations support TIF, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare the platform feature android.software.live_tv .
• [C-1-2] MUST support all TIF APIs such that an application which uses these APIs and the third-party TIF-based inputs service can be installed and used on the device.

3.13. الإعدادات السريعة

Android provides a Quick Settings UI component that allows quick access to frequently used or urgently needed actions.

If device implementations include a Quick Settings UI component, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST allow the user to add or remove the tiles provided through the quicksettings APIs from a third-party app.
• [C-1-2] MUST NOT automatically add a tile from a third-party app directly to the Quick Settings.
• [C-1-3] MUST display all the user-added tiles from third-party apps alongside the system-provided quick setting tiles.

3.14. Media UI

If device implementations include the UI framework that supports third-party apps that depend on MediaBrowser and MediaSession , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST display MediaItem icons and notification icons unaltered.
• [C-1-2] MUST display those items as described by MediaSession, eg, metadata, icons, imagery.
• [C-1-3] MUST show app title.
• [C-1-4] MUST have a drawer or other mechanism to present MediaBrowser hierarchy and provide user affordance for the MediaBrowser hierarchy.
• [C-1-5] MUST consider double tap of KEYCODE_HEADSETHOOK or KEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE as KEYCODE_MEDIA_NEXT for MediaSession.Callback#onMediaButtonEvent .

3.15. Instant Apps

Device implementations MUST satisfy the following requirements:

• [C-0-1] Instant Apps MUST only be granted permissions that have the android:protectionLevel set to "instant" .
• [C-0-2] Instant Apps MUST NOT interact with installed apps via implicit intents unless one of the following is true:
  • The component's intent pattern filter is exposed and has CATEGORY_BROWSABLE
  • The action is one of ACTION_SEND, ACTION_SENDTO, ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE
  • The target is explicitly exposed with android:visibleToInstantApps
• [C-0-3] Instant Apps MUST NOT interact explicitly with installed apps unless the component is exposed via android:visibleToInstantApps.
• [C-0-4] IInstalled Apps MUST NOT see details about Instant Apps on the device unless the Instant App explicitly connects to the installed application.

3.16. Companion Device Pairing

Android includes support for companion device pairing to more effectively manage association with companion devices and provides the CompanionDeviceManager API for apps to access this feature.

If device implementations support the companion device pairing feature, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare the feature flag FEATURE_COMPANION_DEVICE_SETUP .
• [C-1-2] MUST ensure the APIs in the android.companion package is fully implemented.
• [C-1-3] MUST provide user affordances for the user to select/confirm a companion device is present and operational.

3.17. Heavyweight Apps

If device implementations declare the feature FEATURE_CANT_SAVE_STATE , then they:

• [C-1-1] MUST have only one installed app that specifies cantSaveState running in the system at a time. If the user leaves such an app without explicitly exiting it (for example by pressing home while leaving an active activity the system, instead of pressing back with no remaining active activities in the system), then device implementations MUST prioritize that app in RAM as they do for other things that are expected to remain running, such as foreground services. While such an app is in the background, the system can still apply power management features to it, such as limiting CPU and network access.
• [C-1-2] MUST provide a UI affordance to chose the app that won't participate in the normal state save/restore mechanism once the user launches a second app declared with cantSaveState attribute.
• [C-1-3] MUST NOT apply other changes in policy to apps that specify cantSaveState , such as changing CPU performance or changing scheduling prioritization.

If device implementations don't declare the feature FEATURE_CANT_SAVE_STATE , then they:

• [C-1-1] MUST ignore the cantSaveState attribute set by apps and MUST NOT change the app behavior based on that attribute.

4. توافق تغليف التطبيقات

Devices implementations:

• [C-0-1] MUST be capable of installing and running Android “.apk” files as generated by the “aapt” tool included in the official Android SDK .
• As the above requirement may be challenging, device implementations are RECOMMENDED to use the AOSP reference implementation's package management system.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-2] MUST support verifying “.apk” files using the APK Signature Scheme v3 , APK Signature Scheme v2 and JAR signing .
• [C-0-3] MUST NOT extend either the .apk , Android Manifest , Dalvik bytecode , or RenderScript bytecode formats in such a way that would prevent those files from installing and running correctly on other compatible devices.

• [C-0-4] MUST NOT allow apps other than the current "installer of record" for the package to silently uninstall the app without any user confirmation, as documented in the SDK for the DELETE_PACKAGE permission. The only exceptions are the system package verifier app handling PACKAGE_NEEDS_VERIFICATION intent and the storage manager app handling ACTION_MANAGE_STORAGE intent.

• [C-0-5] MUST have an activity that handles the android.settings.MANAGE_UNKNOWN_APP_SOURCES intent.

• [C-0-6] MUST NOT install application packages from unknown sources, unless the app that requests the installation meets all the following requirements:

  • It MUST declare the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission or have the android:targetSdkVersion set at 24 or lower.
  • It MUST have been granted permission by the user to install apps from unknown sources.

• SHOULD provide a user affordance to grant/revoke the permission to install apps from unknown sources per application, but MAY choose to implement this as a no-op and return RESULT_CANCELED for startActivityForResult() , if the device implementation does not want to allow users to have this choice. However, even in such cases, they SHOULD indicate to the user why there is no such choice presented.

• [C-0-7] MUST display a warning dialog with the warning string that is provided through the system API PackageManager.setHarmfulAppWarning to the user before launching an activity in an application that has been marked by the same system API PackageManager.setHarmfulAppWarning as potentially ضار.

• SHOULD provide a user affordance to choose to uninstall or launch an application on the warning dialog.

5. توافق الوسائط المتعددة

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST support the media formats, encoders, decoders, file types, and container formats defined in section 5.1 for each and every codec declared by MediaCodecList .
• [C-0-2] MUST declare and report support of the encoders, decoders available to third-party applications via MediaCodecList .
• [C-0-3] MUST be able to decode and make available to third-party apps all the formats it can encode. This includes all bitstreams that its encoders generate and the profiles reported in its CamcorderProfile .

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD aim for minimum codec latency, in others words, they
  • SHOULD NOT consume and store input buffers and return input buffers only once processed.
  • SHOULD NOT hold onto decoded buffers for longer than as specified by the standard (eg SPS).
  • SHOULD NOT hold onto encoded buffers longer than required by the GOP structure.

All of the codecs listed in the section below are provided as software implementations in the preferred Android implementation from the Android Open Source Project.

Please note that neither Google nor the Open Handset Alliance make any representation that these codecs are free from third-party patents. Those intending to use this source code in hardware or software products are advised that implementations of this code, including in open source software or shareware, may require patent licenses from the relevant patent holders.

5.1. برامج ترميز الوسائط

5.1.1. Audio Encoding

See more details in 5.1.3. Audio Codecs Details .

If device implementations declare android.hardware.microphone , they MUST support the following audio encoding:

• [C-1-1] PCM/WAVE

5.1.2. Audio Decoding

See more details in 5.1.3. Audio Codecs Details .

If device implementations declare support for the android.hardware.audio.output feature, they must support decoding the following audio formats:

• [C-1-1] MPEG-4 AAC Profile (AAC LC)
• [C-1-2] MPEG-4 HE AAC Profile (AAC+)
• [C-1-3] MPEG-4 HE AACv2 Profile (enhanced AAC+)
• [C-1-4] AAC ELD (enhanced low delay AAC)
• [C-1-11] xHE-AAC (ISO/IEC 23003-3 Extended HE AAC Profile, which includes the USAC Baseline Profile, and ISO/IEC 23003-4 Dynamic Range Control Profile)
• [C-1-5] FLAC
• [C-1-6] MP3
• [C-1-7] MIDI
• [C-1-8] Vorbis
• [C-1-9] PCM/WAVE
• [C-1-10] Opus

If device implementations support the decoding of AAC input buffers of multichannel streams (ie more than two channels) to PCM through the default AAC audio decoder in the android.media.MediaCodec API, the following MUST be supported:

• [C-2-1] Decoding MUST be performed without downmixing (eg a 5.0 AAC stream must be decoded to five channels of PCM, a 5.1 AAC stream must be decoded to six channels of PCM).
• [C-2-2] Dynamic range metadata MUST be as defined in "Dynamic Range Control (DRC)" in ISO/IEC 14496-3, and the android.media.MediaFormat DRC keys to configure the dynamic range-related behaviors of the audio decoder. The AAC DRC keys were introduced in API 21,and are: KEY_AAC_DRC_ATTENUATION_FACTOR , KEY_AAC_DRC_BOOST_FACTOR , KEY_AAC_DRC_HEAVY_COMPRESSION , KEY_AAC_DRC_TARGET_REFERENCE_LEVEL and KEY_AAC_ENCODED_TARGET_LEVEL .

When decoding USAC audio, MPEG-D (ISO/IEC 23003-4):

• [C-3-1] Loudness and DRC metadata MUST be interpreted and applied according to MPEG-D DRC Dynamic Range Control Profile Level 1.
• [C-3-2] The decoder MUST behave according to the configuration set with the following android.media.MediaFormat keys: KEY_AAC_DRC_TARGET_REFERENCE_LEVEL and KEY_AAC_DRC_EFFECT_TYPE .

MPEG-4 AAC, HE AAC, and HE AACv2 profile decoders:

• MAY support loudness and dynamic range control using ISO/IEC 23003-4 Dynamic Range Control Profile.

If ISO/IEC 23003-4 is supported and if both ISO/IEC 23003-4 and ISO/IEC 14496-3 metadata are present in a decoded bitstream, then:

• ISO/IEC 23003-4 metadata SHALL take precedence.

5.1.3. Audio Codecs Details

5.1.4. Image Encoding

See more details in 5.1.6. Image Codecs Details .

Device implementations MUST support encoding the following image encoding:

• [C-0-1] JPEG
• [C-0-2] PNG
• [C-0-3] WebP

5.1.5. Image Decoding

See more details in 5.1.6. Image Codecs Details .

Device implementations MUST support decoding the following image encoding:

• [C-0-1] JPEG
• [C-0-2] GIF
• [C-0-3] PNG
• [C-0-4] BMP
• [C-0-5] WebP
• [C-0-6] Raw
• [C-0-7] HEIF (HEIC)

5.1.6. Image Codecs Details

5.1.7. برامج ترميز الفيديو

• For acceptable quality of web video streaming and video-conference services, device implementations SHOULD use a hardware VP8 codec that meets the requirements .

If device implementations include a video decoder or encoder:

• [C-1-1] Video codecs MUST support output and input bytebuffer sizes that accommodate the largest feasible compressed and uncompressed frame as dictated by the standard and configuration but also not overallocate.

• [C-1-2] Video encoders and decoders MUST support YUV420 flexible color format (COLOR_FormatYUV420Flexible).

If device implementations advertise HDR profile support through Display.HdrCapabilities , they:

• [C-2-1] MUST support HDR static metadata parsing and handling.

If device implementations advertise intra refresh support through FEATURE_IntraRefresh in the MediaCodecInfo.CodecCapabilities class, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST support the refresh periods in the range of 10 - 60 frames and accurately operate within 20% of configured refresh period.

5.1.8. Video Codecs List

5.2. ترميز الفيديو

If device implementations support any video encoder and make it available to third-party apps, they:

• SHOULD NOT be, over two sliding windows, more than ~15% over the bitrate between intraframe (I-frame) intervals.
• SHOULD NOT be more than ~100% over the bitrate over a sliding window of 1 second.

If device implementations include an embedded screen display with the diagonal length of at least 2.5 inches or include a video output port or declare the support of a camera via the android.hardware.camera.any feature flag, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST include the support of at least one of the VP8 or H.264 video encoders, and make it available for third-party applications.
• SHOULD support both VP8 and H.264 video encoders, and make it available for third-party applications.

If device implementations support any of the H.264, VP8, VP9 or HEVC video encoders and make it available to third-party applications, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST support dynamically configurable bitrates.
• SHOULD support variable frame rates, where video encoder SHOULD determine instantaneous frame duration based on the timestamps of input buffers, and allocate its bit bucket based on that frame duration.

If device implementations support the MPEG-4 SP video encoder and make it available to third-party apps, they:

• SHOULD support dynamically configurable bitrates for the supported encoder.

5.2.1. ح.263

If device implementations support H.263 encoders and make it available to third-party apps, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support Baseline Profile Level 45.
• SHOULD support dynamically configurable bitrates for the supported encoder.

5.2.2. ح-264

If device implementations support H.264 codec, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support Baseline Profile Level 3. However, support for ASO (Arbitrary Slice Ordering), FMO (Flexible Macroblock Ordering) and RS (Redundant Slices) is OPTIONAL. Moreover, to maintain compatibility with other Android devices, it is RECOMMENDED that ASO, FMO and RS are not used for Baseline Profile by encoders.
• [C-1-2] MUST support the SD (Standard Definition) video encoding profiles in the following table.
• SHOULD support Main Profile Level 4.
• SHOULD support the HD (High Definition) video encoding profiles as indicated in the following table.

If device implementations report support of H.264 encoding for 720p or 1080p resolution videos through the media APIs, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST support the encoding profiles in the following table.

5.2.3. VP8

If device implementations support VP8 codec, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support the SD video encoding profiles.
• SHOULD support the following HD (High Definition) video encoding profiles.
• SHOULD support writing Matroska WebM files.
• SHOULD use a hardware VP8 codec that meets the WebM project RTC hardware coding requirements , to ensure acceptable quality of web video streaming and video-conference services.

If device implementations report support of VP8 encoding for 720p or 1080p resolution videos through the media APIs, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST support the encoding profiles in the following table.

5.2.4. VP9

If device implementations support VP9 codec, they:

• SHOULD support writing Matroska WebM files.

5.3. فك تشفير الفيديو

If device implementations support VP8, VP9, H.264, or H.265 codecs, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support dynamic video resolution and frame rate switching through the standard Android APIs within the same stream for all VP8, VP9, H.264, and H.265 codecs in real time and up to the maximum resolution supported by each codec on the device.

If device implementations declare support for the Dolby Vision decoder through HDR_TYPE_DOLBY_VISION , they:

• [C-2-1] MUST provide a Dolby Vision-capable extractor.
• [C-2-2] MUST properly display Dolby Vision content on the device screen or on a standard video output port (eg, HDMI).
• [C-2-3] MUST set the track index of backward-compatible base-layer(s) (if present) to be the same as the combined Dolby Vision layer's track index.

5.3.1. مبيغ-2

If device implementations support MPEG-2 decoders, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support the Main Profile High Level.

5.3.2. ح.263

If device implementations support H.263 decoders, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support Baseline Profile Level 30 and Level 45.

5.3.3. مبيغ-4

If device implementations with MPEG-4 decoders, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support Simple Profile Level 3.

5.3.4. ح.264

If device implementations support H.264 decoders, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support Main Profile Level 3.1 and Baseline Profile. Support for ASO (Arbitrary Slice Ordering), FMO (Flexible Macroblock Ordering) and RS (Redundant Slices) is OPTIONAL.
• [C-1-2] MUST be capable of decoding videos with the SD (Standard Definition) profiles listed in the following table and encoded with the Baseline Profile and Main Profile Level 3.1 (including 720p30).
• SHOULD be capable of decoding videos with the HD (High Definition) profiles as indicated in the following table.

If the height that is reported by the Display.getSupportedModes() method is equal or greater than the video resolution, device implementations:

• [C-2-1] MUST support the HD 720p video decoding profiles in the following table.
• [C-2-2] MUST support the HD 1080p video decoding profiles in the following table.

5.3.5. H.265 (شفت)

If device implementations support H.265 codec, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support the Main Profile Level 3 Main tier and the SD video decoding profiles as indicated in the following table.
• SHOULD support the HD decoding profiles as indicated in the following table.
• [C-1-2] MUST support the HD decoding profiles as indicated in the following table if there is a hardware decoder.

If the height that is reported by the Display.getSupportedModes() method is equal to or greater than the video resolution, then:

• [C-2-1] Device implementations MUST support at least one of H.265 or VP9 decoding of 720, 1080 and UHD profiles.

5.3.6. VP8

If device implementations support VP8 codec, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support the SD decoding profiles in the following table.
• SHOULD use a hardware VP8 codec that meets the requirements .
• SHOULD support the HD decoding profiles in the following table.

If the height as reported by the Display.getSupportedModes() method is equal or greater than the video resolution, then:

• [C-2-1] Device implementations MUST support 720p profiles in the following table.
• [C-2-2] Device implementations MUST support 1080p profiles in the following table.

5.3.7. VP9

If device implementations support VP9 codec, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support the SD video decoding profiles as indicated in the following table.
• SHOULD support the HD decoding profiles as indicated in the following table.

If device implementations support VP9 codec and a hardware decoder:

• [C-2-1] MUST support the HD decoding profiles as indicated in the following table.

If the height that is reported by the Display.getSupportedModes() method is equal to or greater than the video resolution, then:

• [C-3-1] Device implementations MUST support at least one of VP9 or H.265 decoding of the 720, 1080 and UHD profiles.

5.4. تسجيل الصوت

While some of the requirements outlined in this section are listed as SHOULD since Android 4.3, the Compatibility Definition for future versions are planned to change these to MUST. Existing and new Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet these requirements that are listed as SHOULD, or they will not be able to attain Android compatibility when upgraded to the future version.

5.4.1. التقاط الصوت الخام

If device implementations declare android.hardware.microphone , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST allow capture of raw audio content with the following characteristics:

  • Format : Linear PCM, 16-bit
  • Sampling rates : 8000, 11025, 16000, 44100 Hz
  • Channels : Mono

• [C-1-2] MUST capture at above sample rates without up-sampling.

• [C-1-3] MUST include an appropriate anti-aliasing filter when the sample rates given above are captured with down-sampling.

• SHOULD allow AM radio and DVD quality capture of raw audio content, which means the following characteristics:

  • Format : Linear PCM, 16-bit
  • Sampling rates : 22050, 48000 Hz
  • Channels : Stereo

If device implementations allow AM radio and DVD quality capture of raw audio content, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST capture without up-sampling at any ratio higher than 16000:22050 or 44100:48000.
• [C-2-2] MUST include an appropriate anti-aliasing filter for any up-sampling or down-sampling.

5.4.2. التقاط للتعرف على الصوت

If device implementations declare android.hardware.microphone , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST capture android.media.MediaRecorder.AudioSource.VOICE_RECOGNITION audio source at one of the sampling rates, 44100 and 48000.
• [C-1-2] MUST, by default, disable any noise reduction audio processing when recording an audio stream from the AudioSource.VOICE_RECOGNITION audio source.
• [C-1-3] MUST, by default, disable any automatic gain control when recording an audio stream from the AudioSource.VOICE_RECOGNITION audio source.
• SHOULD record the voice recognition audio stream with approximately flat amplitude versus frequency characteristics: specifically, ±3 dB, from 100 Hz to 4000 Hz.
• SHOULD record the voice recognition audio stream with input sensitivity set such that a 90 dB sound power level (SPL) source at 1000 Hz yields RMS of 2500 for 16-bit samples.
• SHOULD record the voice recognition audio stream so that the PCM amplitude levels linearly track input SPL changes over at least a 30 dB range from -18 dB to +12 dB re 90 dB SPL at the microphone.
• SHOULD record the voice recognition audio stream with total harmonic distortion (THD) less than 1% for 1 kHz at 90 dB SPL input level at the microphone.

If device implementations declare android.hardware.microphone and noise suppression (reduction) technologies tuned for speech recognition, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST allow this audio affect to be controllable with the android.media.audiofx.NoiseSuppressor API.
• [C-2-2] MUST uniquely identify each noise suppression technology implementation via the AudioEffect.Descriptor.uuid field.

5.4.3. التقاط لإعادة توجيه التشغيل

The android.media.MediaRecorder.AudioSource class includes the REMOTE_SUBMIX audio source.

If device implementations declare both android.hardware.audio.output and android.hardware.microphone , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST properly implement the REMOTE_SUBMIX audio source so that when an application uses the android.media.AudioRecord API to record from this audio source, it captures a mix of all audio streams except for the following:

  • AudioManager.STREAM_RING
  • AudioManager.STREAM_ALARM
  • AudioManager.STREAM_NOTIFICATION

5.5. تشغيل الصوت

Android includes the support to allow apps to playback audio through the audio output peripheral as defined in section 7.8.2.

5.5.1. تشغيل الصوت الخام

If device implementations declare android.hardware.audio.output , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST allow playback of raw audio content with the following characteristics:

  • Format : Linear PCM, 16-bit, 8-bit, float
  • Channels : Mono, Stereo, valid multichannel configurations with up to 8 channels
  • Sampling rates (in Hz) :
    • 8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 32000, 44100, 48000 at the channel configurations listed above
    • 96000 in mono and stereo

• SHOULD allow playback of raw audio content with the following characteristics:

  • Sampling rates : 24000, 48000

5.5.2. تأثيرات صوتية

Android provides an API for audio effects for device implementations.

If device implementations declare the feature android.hardware.audio.output , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support the EFFECT_TYPE_EQUALIZER and EFFECT_TYPE_LOUDNESS_ENHANCER implementations controllable through the AudioEffect subclasses Equalizer , LoudnessEnhancer .
• [C-1-2] MUST support the visualizer API implementation, controllable through the Visualizer class.
• [C-1-3] MUST support the EFFECT_TYPE_DYNAMICS_PROCESSING implementation controllable through the AudioEffect subclass DynamicsProcessing .
• SHOULD support the EFFECT_TYPE_BASS_BOOST , EFFECT_TYPE_ENV_REVERB , EFFECT_TYPE_PRESET_REVERB , and EFFECT_TYPE_VIRTUALIZER implementations controllable through the AudioEffect sub-classes BassBoost , EnvironmentalReverb , PresetReverb , and Virtualizer .

5.5.3. حجم إخراج الصوت

Automotive device implementations:

• SHOULD allow adjusting audio volume separately per each audio stream using the content type or usage as defined by AudioAttributes and car audio usage as publicly defined in android.car.CarAudioManager .

5.6. الكمون الصوتي

Audio latency is the time delay as an audio signal passes through a system. Many classes of applications rely on short latencies, to achieve real-time sound effects.

For the purposes of this section, use the following definitions:

• output latency . The interval between when an application writes a frame of PCM-coded data and when the corresponding sound is presented to environment at an on-device transducer or signal leaves the device via a port and can be observed externally.
• cold output latency . The output latency for the first frame, when the audio output system has been idle and powered down prior to the request.
• continuous output latency . The output latency for subsequent frames, after the device is playing audio.
• input latency . The interval between when a sound is presented by environment to device at an on-device transducer or signal enters the device via a port and when an application reads the corresponding frame of PCM-coded data.
• lost input . The initial portion of an input signal that is unusable or unavailable.
• cold input latency . The sum of lost input time and the input latency for the first frame, when the audio input system has been idle and powered down prior to the request.
• continuous input latency . The input latency for subsequent frames, while the device is capturing audio.
• cold output jitter . The variability among separate measurements of cold output latency values.
• cold input jitter . The variability among separate measurements of cold input latency values.
• continuous round-trip latency . The sum of continuous input latency plus continuous output latency plus one buffer period. The buffer period allows time for the app to process the signal and time for the app to mitigate phase difference between input and output streams.
• OpenSL ES PCM buffer queue API . The set of PCM-related OpenSL ES APIs within Android NDK .
• AAudio native audio API . The set of AAudio APIs within Android NDK .
• Timestamp . A pair consisting of a relative frame position within a stream and the estimated time when that frame enters or leaves the audio processing pipeline on the associated endpoint. See also AudioTimestamp .

If device implementations declare android.hardware.audio.output they are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet or exceed the following requirements:

• [C-SR] Cold output latency of 100 milliseconds or less
• [C-SR] Continuous output latency of 45 milliseconds or less
• [C-SR] Minimize the cold output jitter
• [C-SR] The output timestamp returned by AudioTrack.getTimestamp and AAudioStream_getTimestamp is accurate to +/- 1 ms.

If device implementations meet the above requirements, after any initial calibration, when using both the OpenSL ES PCM buffer queue and AAudio native audio APIs, for continuous output latency and cold output latency over at least one supported audio output device, they are:

• [C-SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to report low-latency audio by declaring android.hardware.audio.low_latency feature flag.
• [C-SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet the requirements for low-latency audio via the AAudio API.
• [C-SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to ensure that for streams that return AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY from AAudioStream_getPerformanceMode() , the value returned by AAudioStream_getFramesPerBurst() is less than or equal to the value returned by android.media.AudioManager.getProperty(String) for property key AudioManager.PROPERTY_OUTPUT_FRAMES_PER_BUFFER .

If device implementations do not meet the requirements for low-latency audio via both the OpenSL ES PCM buffer queue and AAudio native audio APIs, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST NOT report support for low-latency audio.

If device implementations include android.hardware.microphone , they are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet these input audio requirements:

• [C-SR] Cold input latency of 100 milliseconds or less.
• [C-SR] Continuous input latency of 30 milliseconds or less.
• [C-SR] Continuous round-trip latency of 50 milliseconds or less.
• [C-SR] Minimize the cold input jitter.
• [C-SR] Limit the error in input timestamps, as returned by AudioRecord.getTimestamp or AAudioStream_getTimestamp , to +/- 1 ms.

5.7. بروتوكولات الشبكة

Device implementations MUST support the media network protocols for audio and video playback as specified in the Android SDK documentation.

If device implementations include an audio or a video decoder, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support all required codecs and container formats in section 5.1 over HTTP(S).

• [C-1-2] MUST support the media segment formats shown in the Media Segment Formats table below over HTTP Live Streaming draft protocol, Version 7 .

• [C-1-3] MUST support the following RTP audio video profile and related codecs in the RTSP table below. For exceptions please see the table footnotes in section 5.1 .

Media Segment Formats

RTSP (RTP, SDP)

5.8. وسائل الإعلام الآمنة

If device implementations support secure video output and are capable of supporting secure surfaces, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare support for Display.FLAG_SECURE .

If device implementations declare support for Display.FLAG_SECURE and support wireless display protocol, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST secure the link with a cryptographically strong mechanism such as HDCP 2.x or higher for the displays connected through wireless protocols such as Miracast.

If device implementations declare support for Display.FLAG_SECURE and support wired external display, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST support HDCP 1.2 or higher for all external displays connected via a user-accessible wired port.

5.9. الواجهة الرقمية للآلات الموسيقية (MIDI)

If device implementations report support for feature android.software.midi via the android.content.pm.PackageManager class, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support MIDI over all MIDI-capable hardware transports for which they provide generic non-MIDI connectivity, where such transports are:

  • USB host mode, section 7.7
  • USB peripheral mode, section 7.7
  • MIDI over Bluetooth LE acting in central role, section 7.4.3

• [C-1-2] MUST support the inter-app MIDI software transport (virtual MIDI devices)

5.10. الصوت الاحترافي

If device implementations report support for feature android.hardware.audio.pro via the android.content.pm.PackageManager class, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report support for feature android.hardware.audio.low_latency .
• [C-1-2] MUST have the continuous round-trip audio latency, as defined in section 5.6 Audio Latency , MUST be 20 milliseconds or less and SHOULD be 10 milliseconds or less over at least one supported path.
• [C-1-3] MUST include a USB port(s) supporting USB host mode and USB peripheral mode.
• [C-1-4] MUST report support for feature android.software.midi .
• [C-1-5] MUST meet latencies and USB audio requirements using both the OpenSL ES PCM buffer queue and AAudio native audio APIs.
• [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide a consistent level of CPU performance while audio is active and CPU load is varying. This should be tested using SimpleSynth commit 1bd6391 . The SimpleSynth app needs to be run with below parameters and achieve zero underruns after 10 minutes:
  • Work cycles: 200,000
  • Variable load: ON (this will switch between 100% and 10% of the work cycles value every 2 seconds and is designed to test CPU governor behavior)
  • Stabilized load: OFF
• SHOULD minimize audio clock inaccuracy and drift relative to standard time.
• SHOULD minimize audio clock drift relative to the CPU CLOCK_MONOTONIC when both are active.
• SHOULD minimize audio latency over on-device transducers.
• SHOULD minimize audio latency over USB digital audio.
• SHOULD document audio latency measurements over all paths.
• SHOULD minimize jitter in audio buffer completion callback entry times, as this affects usable percentage of full CPU bandwidth by the callback.
• SHOULD provide zero audio underruns (output) or overruns (input) under normal use at reported latency.
• SHOULD provide zero inter-channel latency difference.
• SHOULD minimize MIDI mean latency over all transports.
• SHOULD minimize MIDI latency variability under load (jitter) over all transports.
• SHOULD provide accurate MIDI timestamps over all transports.
• SHOULD minimize audio signal noise over on-device transducers, including the period immediately after cold start.
• SHOULD provide zero audio clock difference between the input and output sides of corresponding end-points, when both are active. Examples of corresponding end-points include the on-device microphone and speaker, or the audio jack input and output.
• SHOULD handle audio buffer completion callbacks for the input and output sides of corresponding end-points on the same thread when both are active, and enter the output callback immediately after the return from the input callback. Or if it is not feasible to handle the callbacks on the same thread, then enter the output callback shortly after entering the input callback to permit the application to have a consistent timing of the input and output sides.
• SHOULD minimize the phase difference between HAL audio buffering for the input and output sides of corresponding end-points.
• SHOULD minimize touch latency.
• SHOULD minimize touch latency variability under load (jitter).
• SHOULD have a latency from touch input to audio output of less than or equal to 40 ms.

If device implementations meet all of the above requirements, they:

• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to report support for feature android.hardware.audio.pro via the android.content.pm.PackageManager class.

If device implementations include a 4 conductor 3.5mm audio jack, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST have the continuous round-trip audio latency to be 20 milliseconds or less over the audio jack path.
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to comply with section Mobile device (jack) specifications of the Wired Audio Headset Specification (v1.1) .
• The continuous round-trip audio latency SHOULD be 10 milliseconds or less over the audio jack path.

If device implementations omit a 4 conductor 3.5mm audio jack and include a USB port(s) supporting USB host mode, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST implement the USB audio class.
• [C-3-2] MUST have a continuous round-trip audio latency of 20 milliseconds or less over the USB host mode port using USB audio class.
• The continuous round-trip audio latency SHOULD be 10 milliseconds or less over the USB host mode port using USB audio class.

If device implementations include an HDMI port, they:

• [C-4-1] MUST support output in stereo and eight channels at 20-bit or 24-bit depth and 192 kHz without bit-depth loss or resampling, in at least one configuration.

5.11. التقاط غير المجهزة

Android includes support for recording of unprocessed audio via the android.media.MediaRecorder.AudioSource.UNPROCESSED audio source. In OpenSL ES, it can be accessed with the record preset SL_ANDROID_RECORDING_PRESET_UNPROCESSED .

If device implementations intent to support unprocessed audio source and make it available to third-party apps, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report the support through the android.media.AudioManager property PROPERTY_SUPPORT_AUDIO_SOURCE_UNPROCESSED .

• [C-1-2] MUST exhibit approximately flat amplitude-versus-frequency characteristics in the mid-frequency range: specifically ±10dB from 100 Hz to 7000 Hz for each and every microphone used to record the unprocessed audio source.

• [C-1-3] MUST exhibit amplitude levels in the low frequency range: specifically from ±20 dB from 5 Hz to 100 Hz compared to the mid-frequency range for each and every microphone used to record the unprocessed audio source.

• [C-1-4] MUST exhibit amplitude levels in the high frequency range: specifically from ±30 dB from 7000 Hz to 22 KHz compared to the mid-frequency range for each and every microphone used to record the unprocessed audio source.

• [C-1-5] MUST set audio input sensitivity such that a 1000 Hz sinusoidal tone source played at 94 dB Sound Pressure Level (SPL) yields a response with RMS of 520 for 16 bit-samples (or -36 dB Full Scale for floating point/double precision samples) for each and every microphone used to record the unprocessed audio source.

• [C-1-6] MUST have a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at 60 dB or higher for each and every microphone used to record the unprocessed audio source. (whereas the SNR is measured as the difference between 94 dB SPL and equivalent SPL of self noise, A-weighted).

• [C-1-7] MUST have a total harmonic distortion (THD) less than be less than 1% for 1 kHZ at 90 dB SPL input level at each and every microphone used to record the unprocessed audio source.

• MUST not have any other signal processing (eg Automatic Gain Control, High Pass Filter, or Echo cancellation) in the path other than a level multiplier to bring the level to desired range. بعبارة أخرى:

• [C-1-8] If any signal processing is present in the architecture for any reason, it MUST be disabled and effectively introduce zero delay or extra latency to the signal path.
• [C-1-9] The level multiplier, while allowed to be on the path, MUST NOT introduce delay or latency to the signal path.

All SPL measurements are made directly next to the microphone under test. For multiple microphone configurations, these requirements apply to each microphone.

If device implementations declare android.hardware.microphone but do not support unprocessed audio source, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST return null for the AudioManager.getProperty(PROPERTY_SUPPORT_AUDIO_SOURCE_UNPROCESSED) API method, to properly indicate the lack of support.
• [SR] are still STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to satisfy as many of the requirements for the signal path for the unprocessed recording source.

6. توافق أدوات المطورين وخياراتهم

6.1. ادوات المطورين

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST support the Android Developer Tools provided in the Android SDK.

• Android Debug Bridge (adb)

  • [C-0-2] MUST support adb as documented in the Android SDK and the shell commands provided in the AOSP, which can be used by app developers, including dumpsys and cmd stats .
  • [C-0-3] MUST NOT alter the format or the contents of device system events (batterystats , diskstats, fingerprint, graphicsstats, netstats, notification, procstats) logged via the dumpsys command.
  • [C-0-10] MUST record, without omission, and make the following events accessible and available to the cmd stats shell command and the StatsManager System API class.
    • ActivityForegroundStateChanged
    • AnomalyDetected
    • AppBreadcrumbReported
    • AppCrashOccurred
    • AppStartOccurred
    • BatteryLevelChanged
    • BatterySaverModeStateChanged
    • BleScanResultReceived
    • BleScanStateChanged
    • ChargingStateChanged
    • DeviceIdleModeStateChanged
    • ForegroundServiceStateChanged
    • GpsScanStateChanged
    • JobStateChanged
    • PluggedStateChanged
    • ScheduledJobStateChanged
    • ScreenStateChanged
    • SyncStateChanged
    • SystemElapsedRealtime
    • UidProcessStateChanged
    • WakelockStateChanged
    • WakeupAlarmOccurred
    • WifiLockStateChanged
    • WifiMulticastLockStateChanged
    • WifiScanStateChanged
  • [C-0-4] MUST have the device-side adb daemon be inactive by default and there MUST be a user-accessible mechanism to turn on the Android Debug Bridge.
  • [C-0-5] MUST support secure adb. Android includes support for secure adb. Secure adb enables adb on known authenticated hosts.

  • [C-0-6] MUST provide a mechanism allowing adb to be connected from a host machine. على سبيل المثال:

    • Device implementations without a USB port supporting peripheral mode MUST implement adb via local-area network (such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi).
    • MUST provide drivers for Windows 7, 9 and 10, allowing developers to connect to the device using the adb protocol.

• Dalvik Debug Monitor Service (ddms)

  • [C-0-7] MUST support all ddms features as documented in the Android SDK. As ddms uses adb, support for ddms SHOULD be inactive by default, but MUST be supported whenever the user has activated the Android Debug Bridge, as above.
• قرد
  • [C-0-8] MUST include the Monkey framework and make it available for applications to use.
• SysTrace
  • [C-0-9] MUST support the systrace tool as documented in the Android SDK. Systrace must be inactive by default and there MUST be a user-accessible mechanism to turn on Systrace.

If device implementations report the support of Vulkan 1.0 or higher via the android.hardware.vulkan.version feature flags, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST provide an affordance for the app developer to enable/disable GPU debug layers.
• [C-1-2] MUST, when the GPU debug layers are enabled, enumerate layers in libraries provided by external tools (ie not part of the platform or application package) found in debuggable applications' base directory to support vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties() and vkCreateInstance() API methods.

6.2. خيارات للمطور

Android includes support for developers to configure application development-related settings.

Device implementations MUST provide a consistent experience for Developer Options, they:

• [C-0-1] MUST honor the android.settings.APPLICATION_DEVELOPMENT_SETTINGS intent to show application development-related settings. The upstream Android implementation hides the Developer Options menu by default and enables users to launch Developer Options after pressing seven (7) times on the Settings > About Device > Build Number menu item.
• [C-0-2] MUST hide Developer Options by default.
• [C-0-3] MUST provide a clear mechanism that does not give preferential treatment to one third-party app as opposed to another to enable Developer Options. MUST provide a public visible document or website that describes how to enable Developer Options. This document or website MUST be linkable from the Android SDK documents.
• SHOULD have an ongoing visual notification to the user when Developer Options is enabled and the safety of the user is of concern.
• MAY temporarily limit access to the Developer Options menu, by visually hiding or disabling the menu, to prevent distraction for scenarios where the safety of the user is of concern.

7. توافق الأجهزة

If a device includes a particular hardware component that has a corresponding API for third-party developers:

• [C-0-1] The device implementation MUST implement that API as described in the Android SDK documentation.

If an API in the SDK interacts with a hardware component that is stated to be optional and the device implementation does not possess that component:

• [C-0-2] Complete class definitions (as documented by the SDK) for the component APIs MUST still be presented.
• [C-0-3] The API's behaviors MUST be implemented as no-ops in some reasonable fashion.
• [C-0-4] API methods MUST return null values where permitted by the SDK documentation.
• [C-0-5] API methods MUST return no-op implementations of classes where null values are not permitted by the SDK documentation.
• [C-0-6] API methods MUST NOT throw exceptions not documented by the SDK documentation.
• [C-0-7] Device implementations MUST consistently report accurate hardware configuration information via the getSystemAvailableFeatures() and hasSystemFeature(String) methods on the android.content.pm.PackageManager class for the same build fingerprint.

A typical example of a scenario where these requirements apply is the telephony API: Even on non-phone devices, these APIs must be implemented as reasonable no-ops.

7.1. العرض والرسومات

Android includes facilities that automatically adjust application assets and UI layouts appropriately for the device to ensure that third-party applications run well on a variety of hardware configurations . Devices MUST properly implement these APIs and behaviors, as detailed in this section.

The units referenced by the requirements in this section are defined as follows:

• physical diagonal size . The distance in inches between two opposing corners of the illuminated portion of the display.
• dots per inch (dpi) . The number of pixels encompassed by a linear horizontal or vertical span of 1”. Where dpi values are listed, both horizontal and vertical dpi must fall within the range.
• ابعاد متزنة . The ratio of the pixels of the longer dimension to the shorter dimension of the screen. For example, a display of 480x854 pixels would be 854/480 = 1.779, or roughly “16:9”.
• density-independent pixel (dp) . The virtual pixel unit normalized to a 160 dpi screen, calculated as: pixels = dps * (density/160).

7.1.1. تكوين الشاشة

7.1.1.1. Screen Size and Shape

The Android UI framework supports a variety of different logical screen layout sizes, and allows applications to query the current configuration's screen layout size via Configuration.screenLayout with the SCREENLAYOUT_SIZE_MASK and Configuration.smallestScreenWidthDp .

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST report the correct layout size for the Configuration.screenLayout as defined in the Android SDK documentation. Specifically, device implementations MUST report the correct logical density-independent pixel (dp) screen dimensions as below:

  • Devices with the Configuration.uiMode set as any value other than UI_MODE_TYPE_WATCH, and reporting a small size for the Configuration.screenLayout , MUST have at least 426 dp x 320 dp.
  • Devices reporting a normal size for the Configuration.screenLayout , MUST have at least 480 dp x 320 dp.
  • Devices reporting a large size for the Configuration.screenLayout , MUST have at least 640 dp x 480 dp.
  • Devices reporting a xlarge size for the Configuration.screenLayout , MUST have at least 960 dp x 720 dp.

• [C-0-2] MUST correctly honor applications' stated support for screen sizes through the < supports-screens > attribute in the AndroidManifest.xml, as described in the Android SDK documentation.

• MAY have a display with rounded corners.

If device implementations support UI_MODE_TYPE_NORMAL and include a display with rounded corners, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST ensure that the radius of the rounded corners is less than or equal to 38 dp.
• SHOULD include user affordance to switch to the display mode with the rectangular corners.

7.1.1.2. نسبة أبعاد الشاشة

While there is no restriction to the screen aspect ratio value of the physical screen display, the screen aspect ratio of the logical display that third-party apps are rendered within, as can be derived from the height and width values reported through the view.Display APIs and Configuration API, MUST meet the following requirements:

• [C-0-1] Device implementations with the Configuration.uiMode set as UI_MODE_TYPE_NORMAL MUST have an aspect ratio value between 1.3333 (4:3) and 1.86 (roughly 16:9), unless the app can be deemed as ready to be stretched longer by meeting one of the following conditions:

  • The app has declared that it supports a larger screen aspect ratio through the android.max_aspect metadata value.
  • The app declares it is resizeable via the android:resizeableActivity attribute.
  • The app is targeting API level 24 or higher and does not declare a android:MaxAspectRatio that would restrict the allowed aspect ratio.

• [C-0-2] Device implementations with the Configuration.uiMode set as UI_MODE_TYPE_WATCH MUST have an aspect ratio value set as 1.0 (1:1).

7.1.1.3. كثافة الشاشة

The Android UI framework defines a set of standard logical densities to help application developers target application resources.

• [C-0-1] By default, device implementations MUST report only one of the following logical Android framework densities through the DENSITY_DEVICE_STABLE API and this value MUST NOT change at any time; however, the device MAY report a different arbitrary density according to the display configuration changes made by the user (for example, display size) set after initial boot.

  • 120 نقطة في البوصة (LDPI)
  • 160 نقطة في البوصة (MDPI)
  • 213 DPI (TVDPI)
  • 240 نقطة في البوصة (HDPI)
  • 260 dpi (260dpi)
  • 280 نقطة في البوصة (280dpi)
  • 300 dpi (300dpi)
  • 320 نقطة في البوصة (XHDPI)
  • 340 dpi (340dpi)
  • 360 نقطة في البوصة (360dpi)
  • 400 نقطة في البوصة (400 نقطة في البوصة)
  • 420 نقطة في البوصة (420 دبي)
  • 480 نقطة في البوصة (XXHDPI)
  • 560 نقطة في البوصة (560 دبي)
  • 640 dpi (xxxhdpi)

• Device implementations SHOULD define the standard Android framework density that is numerically closest to the physical density of the screen, unless that logical density pushes the reported screen size below the minimum supported. If the standard Android framework density that is numerically closest to the physical density results in a screen size that is smaller than the smallest supported compatible screen size (320 dp width), device implementations SHOULD report the next lowest standard Android framework density.

If there is an affordance to change the display size of the device:

• [C-1-1] The display size MUST NOT be scaled any larger than 1.5 times the native density or produce an effective minimum screen dimension smaller than 320dp (equivalent to resource qualifier sw320dp), whichever comes first.
• [C-1-2] Display size MUST NOT be scaled any smaller than 0.85 times the native density.
• To ensure good usability and consistent font sizes, it is RECOMMENDED that the following scaling of Native Display options be provided (while complying with the limits specified above)
• Small: 0.85x
• Default: 1x (Native display scale)
• Large: 1.15x
• Larger: 1.3x
• Largest 1.45x

7.1.2. عرض المقاييس

If device implementations include a screen or video output, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report correct values for all display metrics defined in the android.util.DisplayMetrics API.

If device implementations does not include an embedded screen or video output, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST report reasonable values for all display metrics defined in the android.util.DisplayMetrics API for the emulated default view.Display .

7.1.3. اتجاه الشاشة

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST report which screen orientations they support ( android.hardware.screen.portrait and/or android.hardware.screen.landscape ) and MUST report at least one supported orientation. For example, a device with a fixed orientation landscape screen, such as a television or laptop, SHOULD only report android.hardware.screen.landscape .
• [C-0-2] MUST report the correct value for the device's current orientation, whenever queried via the android.content.res.Configuration.orientation , android.view.Display.getOrientation() , or other APIs.

If device implementations support both screen orientations, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support dynamic orientation by applications to either portrait or landscape screen orientation. That is, the device must respect the application's request for a specific screen orientation.
• [C-1-2] MUST NOT change the reported screen size or density when changing orientation.
• MAY select either portrait or landscape orientation as the default.

7.1.4. تسريع الرسومات ثنائية وثلاثية الأبعاد

7.1.4.1 OpenGL ES

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST correctly identify the supported OpenGL ES versions (1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2) through the managed APIs (such as via the GLES10.getString() method) and the native APIs.
• [C-0-2] MUST include the support for all the corresponding managed APIs and native APIs for every OpenGL ES versions they identified to support.

If device implementations include a screen or video output, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support both OpenGL ES 1.1 and 2.0, as embodied and detailed in the Android SDK documentation .
• [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support OpenGL ES 3.1.
• SHOULD support OpenGL ES 3.2.

If device implementations support any of the OpenGL ES versions, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST report via the OpenGL ES managed APIs and native APIs any other OpenGL ES extensions they have implemented, and conversely MUST NOT report extension strings that they do not support.
• [C-2-2] MUST support the EGL_KHR_image , EGL_KHR_image_base , EGL_ANDROID_image_native_buffer , EGL_ANDROID_get_native_client_buffer , EGL_KHR_wait_sync , EGL_KHR_get_all_proc_addresses , EGL_ANDROID_presentation_time , EGL_KHR_swap_buffers_with_damage and EGL_ANDROID_recordable extensions.
• [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support EGL_KHR_partial_update.
• SHOULD accurately report via the getString() method, any texture compression format that they support, which is typically vendor-specific.

If device implementations declare support for OpenGL ES 3.0, 3.1, or 3.2, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST export the corresponding function symbols for these version in addition to the OpenGL ES 2.0 function symbols in the libGLESv2.so library.

If device implementations support OpenGL ES 3.2, they:

• [C-4-1] MUST support the OpenGL ES Android Extension Pack in its entirety.

If device implementations support the OpenGL ES Android Extension Pack in its entirety, they:

• [C-5-1] MUST identify the support through the android.hardware.opengles.aep feature flag.

If device implementations expose support for the EGL_KHR_mutable_render_buffer extension, they:

• [C-6-1] MUST also support the EGL_ANDROID_front_buffer_auto_refresh extension.

7.1.4.2 Vulkan

Android includes support for Vulkan , a low-overhead, cross-platform API for high-performance 3D graphics.

If device implementations support OpenGL ES 3.1, they:

• [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to include support for Vulkan 1.1.

If device implementations include a screen or video output, they:

• SHOULD include support for Vulkan 1.1.

If device implementations include support for Vulkan 1.0, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report the correct integer value with the android.hardware.vulkan.level and android.hardware.vulkan.version feature flags.
• [C-1-2] MUST enumerate, at least one VkPhysicalDevice for the Vulkan native API vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices() .
• [C-1-3] MUST fully implement the Vulkan 1.0 APIs for each enumerated VkPhysicalDevice .
• [C-1-4] MUST enumerate layers, contained in native libraries named as libVkLayer*.so in the application package's native library directory, through the Vulkan native APIs vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties() and vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties() .
• [C-1-5] MUST NOT enumerate layers provided by libraries outside of the application package, or provide other ways of tracing or intercepting the Vulkan API, unless the application has the android:debuggable attribute set as true .
• [C-1-6] MUST report all extension strings that they do support via the Vulkan native APIs , and conversely MUST NOT report extension strings that they do not correctly support.
• [C-1-7] MUST support the VK_KHR_surface, VK_KHR_android_surface, VK_KHR_swapchain, and VK_KHR_incremental_present extensions.

If device implementations do not include support for Vulkan 1.0, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST NOT declare any of the Vulkan feature flags (eg android.hardware.vulkan.level , android.hardware.vulkan.version ).
• [C-2-2] MUST NOT enumerate any VkPhysicalDevice for the Vulkan native API vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices() .

If device implementations include support for Vulkan 1.1, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST expose support for the SYNC_FD external semaphore and handle types.
• [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support the VK_ANDROID_external_memory_android_hardware_buffer extension.

7.1.4.3 RenderScript

• [C-0-1] Device implementations MUST support Android RenderScript , as detailed in the Android SDK documentation.

7.1.4.4 2D Graphics Acceleration

Android includes a mechanism for applications to declare that they want to enable hardware acceleration for 2D graphics at the Application, Activity, Window, or View level through the use of a manifest tag android:hardwareAccelerated or direct API calls.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST enable hardware acceleration by default, and MUST disable hardware acceleration if the developer so requests by setting android:hardwareAccelerated="false” or disabling hardware acceleration directly through the Android View APIs.
• [C-0-2] MUST exhibit behavior consistent with the Android SDK documentation on hardware acceleration .

Android includes a TextureView object that lets developers directly integrate hardware-accelerated OpenGL ES textures as rendering targets in a UI hierarchy.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-3] MUST support the TextureView API, and MUST exhibit consistent behavior with the upstream Android implementation.

7.1.4.5 Wide-gamut Displays

If device implementations claim support for wide-gamut displays through Configuration.isScreenWideColorGamut() , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST have a color-calibrated display.
• [C-1-2] MUST have a display whose gamut covers the sRGB color gamut entirely in CIE 1931 xyY space.
• [C-1-3] MUST have a display whose gamut has an area of at least 90% of DCI-P3 in CIE 1931 xyY space.
• [C-1-4] MUST support OpenGL ES 3.1 or 3.2 and report it properly.
• [C-1-5] MUST advertise support for the EGL_KHR_no_config_context , EGL_EXT_pixel_format_float , EGL_KHR_gl_colorspace , EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_scrgb , EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_scrgb_linear , EGL_EXT_gl_colorspace_display_p3 , and EGL_KHR_gl_colorspace_display_p3 extensions.
• [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support GL_EXT_sRGB .

Conversely, if device implementations do not support wide-gamut displays, they:

• [C-2-1] SHOULD cover 100% or more of sRGB in CIE 1931 xyY space, although the screen color gamut is undefined.

7.1.5. وضع توافق التطبيقات القديمة

Android specifies a “compatibility mode” in which the framework operates in a 'normal' screen size equivalent (320dp width) mode for the benefit of legacy applications not developed for old versions of Android that pre-date screen-size independence.

7.1.6. تكنولوجيا الشاشة

The Android platform includes APIs that allow applications to render rich graphics to the display. Devices MUST support all of these APIs as defined by the Android SDK unless specifically allowed in this document.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST support displays capable of rendering 16-bit color graphics.
• SHOULD support displays capable of 24-bit color graphics.
• [C-0-2] MUST support displays capable of rendering animations.
• [C-0-3] MUST use the display technology that have a pixel aspect ratio (PAR) between 0.9 and 1.15. That is, the pixel aspect ratio MUST be near square (1.0) with a 10 ~ 15% tolerance.

7.1.7. شاشات العرض الثانوية

Android includes support for secondary display to enable media sharing capabilities and developer APIs for accessing external displays.

If device implementations support an external display either via a wired, wireless, or an embedded additional display connection, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement the DisplayManager system service and API as described in the Android SDK documentation.

7.2. أجهزة إدخال

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST include an input mechanism, such as a touchscreen or non-touch navigation , to navigate between the UI elements.

7.2.1. لوحة المفاتيح

If device implementations include support for third-party Input Method Editor (IME) applications, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare the android.software.input_methods feature flag.
• [C-1-2] MUST implement fully Input Management Framework
• [C-1-3] MUST have a preinstalled software keyboard.

Device implementations: * [C-0-1] MUST NOT include a hardware keyboard that does not match one of the formats specified in android.content.res.Configuration.keyboard (QWERTY or 12-key). * SHOULD include additional soft keyboard implementations. * MAY include a hardware keyboard.

7.2.2. الملاحة بدون لمس

Android includes support for d-pad, trackball, and wheel as mechanisms for non-touch navigation.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST report the correct value for android.content.res.Configuration.navigation .

If device implementations lack non-touch navigations, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST provide a reasonable alternative user interface mechanism for the selection and editing of text, compatible with Input Management Engines. The upstream Android open source implementation includes a selection mechanism suitable for use with devices that lack non-touch navigation inputs.

7.2.3. مفاتيح التنقل

The Home , Recents , and Back functions typically provided via an interaction with a dedicated physical button or a distinct portion of the touch screen, are essential to the Android navigation paradigm and therefore, device implementations:

• [C-0-1] MUST provide a user affordance to launch installed applications that have an activity with the <intent-filter> set with ACTION=MAIN and CATEGORY=LAUNCHER or CATEGORY=LEANBACK_LAUNCHER for Television device implementations. The Home function SHOULD be the mechanism for this user affordance.
• SHOULD provide buttons for the Recents and Back function.

If the Home, Recents, or Back functions are provided, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST be accessible with a single action (eg tap, double-click or gesture) when any of them are accessible.
• [C-1-2] MUST provide a clear indication of which single action would trigger each function. Having a visible icon imprinted on the button, showing a software icon on the navigation bar portion of the screen, or walking the user through a guided step-by-step demo flow during the out-of-box setup experience are examples of such an إشارة.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to not provide the input mechanism for the Menu function as it is deprecated in favor of action bar since Android 4.0.

If device implementations provide the Menu function, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST display the action overflow button whenever the action overflow menu popup is not empty and the action bar is visible.
• [C-2-2] MUST NOT modify the position of the action overflow popup displayed by selecting the overflow button in the action bar, but MAY render the action overflow popup at a modified position on the screen when it is displayed by selecting the Menu وظيفة.

If device implementations do not provide the Menu function, for backwards compatibility, they: * [C-3-1] MUST make the Menu function available to applications when targetSdkVersion is less than 10, either by a physical button, a software key, or إيماءات. This Menu function should be accessible unless hidden together with other navigation functions.

If device implementations provide the Assist function , they: * [C-4-1] MUST make the Assist function accessible with a single action (eg tap, double-click or gesture) when other navigation keys are accessible. * [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to use long press on HOME function as this designated interaction.

If device implementations use a distinct portion of the screen to display the navigation keys, they:

• [C-5-1] Navigation keys MUST use a distinct portion of the screen, not available to applications, and MUST NOT obscure or otherwise interfere with the portion of the screen available to applications.
• [C-5-2] MUST make available a portion of the display to applications that meets the requirements defined in section 7.1.1 .
• [C-5-3] MUST honor the flags set by the app through the View.setSystemUiVisibility() API method, so that this distinct portion of the screen (aka the navigation bar) is properly hidden away as documented in the SDK.

7.2.4. إدخال شاشة اللمس

Android includes support for a variety of pointer input systems, such as touchscreens, touch pads, and fake touch input devices. Touchscreen-based device implementations are associated with a display such that the user has the impression of directly manipulating items on screen. Since the user is directly touching the screen, the system does not require any additional affordances to indicate the objects being manipulated.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD have a pointer input system of some kind (either mouse-like or touch).
• SHOULD support fully independently tracked pointers.

If device implementations include a touchscreen (single-touch or better), they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report TOUCHSCREEN_FINGER for the Configuration.touchscreen API field.
• [C-1-2] MUST report the android.hardware.touchscreen and android.hardware.faketouch feature flags.

If device implementations include a touchscreen that can track more than a single touch, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST report the appropriate feature flags android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch , android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.distinct , android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.jazzhand corresponding to the type of the specific touchscreen on the جهاز.

If device implementations do not include a touchscreen (and rely on a pointer device only) and meet the fake touch requirements in section 7.2.5 , they:

• [C-3-1] MUST NOT report any feature flag starting with android.hardware.touchscreen and MUST report only android.hardware.faketouch .

7.2.5. إدخال اللمس الزائف

Fake touch interface provides a user input system that approximates a subset of touchscreen capabilities. For example, a mouse or remote control that drives an on-screen cursor approximates touch, but requires the user to first point or focus then click. Numerous input devices like the mouse, trackpad, gyro-based air mouse, gyro-pointer, joystick, and multi-touch trackpad can support fake touch interactions. Android includes the feature constant android.hardware.faketouch, which corresponds to a high-fidelity non-touch (pointer-based) input device such as a mouse or trackpad that can adequately emulate touch-based input (including basic gesture support), and indicates that the device supports an emulated subset of touchscreen functionality.

If device implementations do not include a touchscreen but include another pointer input system which they want to make available, they:

• SHOULD declare support for the android.hardware.faketouch feature flag.

If device implementations declare support for android.hardware.faketouch , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report the absolute X and Y screen positions of the pointer location and display a visual pointer on the screen.
• [C-1-2] MUST report touch event with the action code that specifies the state change that occurs on the pointer going down or up on the screen .
• [C-1-3] MUST support pointer down and up on an object on the screen, which allows users to emulate tap on an object on the screen.
• [C-1-4] MUST support pointer down, pointer up, pointer down then pointer up in the same place on an object on the screen within a time threshold, which allows users to emulate double tap on an object on the screen.
• [C-1-5] MUST support pointer down on an arbitrary point on the screen, pointer move to any other arbitrary point on the screen, followed by a pointer up, which allows users to emulate a touch drag.
• [C-1-6] MUST support pointer down then allow users to quickly move the object to a different position on the screen and then pointer up on the screen, which allows users to fling an object on the screen.
• [C-1-7] MUST report TOUCHSCREEN_NOTOUCH for the Configuration.touchscreen API field.

If device implementations declare support for android.hardware.faketouch.multitouch.distinct , they:

• [C-2-1] MUST declare support for android.hardware.faketouch .
• [C-2-2] MUST support distinct tracking of two or more independent pointer inputs.

If device implementations declare support for android.hardware.faketouch.multitouch.jazzhand , they:

• [C-3-1] MUST declare support for android.hardware.faketouch .
• [C-3-2] MUST support distinct tracking of 5 (tracking a hand of fingers) or more pointer inputs fully independently.

7.2.6. دعم وحدة تحكم اللعبة

7.2.6.1. تعيينات الأزرار

If device implementations declare the android.hardware.gamepad feature flag, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST have embed a controller or ship with a separate controller in the box, that would provide means to input all the events listed in the below tables.
• [C-1-2] MUST be capable to map HID events to it's associated Android view.InputEvent constants as listed in the below tables. The upstream Android implementation includes implementation for game controllers that satisfies this requirement.

1 KeyEvent

2 The above HID usages must be declared within a Game pad CA (0x01 0x0005).

3 This usage must have a Logical Minimum of 0, a Logical Maximum of 7, a Physical Minimum of 0, a Physical Maximum of 315, Units in Degrees, and a Report Size of 4. The logical value is defined to be the clockwise rotation away from the vertical axis; for example, a logical value of 0 represents no rotation and the up button being pressed, while a logical value of 1 represents a rotation of 45 degrees and both the up and left keys being pressed.

4 MotionEvent

1 MotionEvent

7.2.7. جهاز التحكم

See Section 2.3.1 for device-specific requirements.

7.3. أجهزة الاستشعار

If device implementations include a particular sensor type that has a corresponding API for third-party developers, the device implementation MUST implement that API as described in the Android SDK documentation and the Android Open Source documentation on sensors .

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST accurately report the presence or absence of sensors per the android.content.pm.PackageManager class.
• [C-0-2] MUST return an accurate list of supported sensors via the SensorManager.getSensorList() and similar methods.
• [C-0-3] MUST behave reasonably for all other sensor APIs (for example, by returning true or false as appropriate when applications attempt to register listeners, not calling sensor listeners when the corresponding sensors are not present; etc.).

If device implementations include a particular sensor type that has a corresponding API for third-party developers, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report all sensor measurements using the relevant International System of Units (metric) values for each sensor type as defined in the Android SDK documentation.
• [C-1-2] MUST report sensor data with a maximum latency of 100 milliseconds + 2 * sample_time for the case of a sensor streamed with a minimum required latency of 5 ms + 2 * sample_time when the application processor is active. This delay does not include any filtering delays.
• [C-1-3] MUST report the first sensor sample within 400 milliseconds + 2 * sample_time of the sensor being activated. It is acceptable for this sample to have an accuracy of 0.

• [SR] SHOULD report the event time in nanoseconds as defined in the Android SDK documentation, representing the time the event happened and synchronized with the SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNano() clock. Existing and new Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet these requirements so they will be able to upgrade to the future platform releases where this might become a REQUIRED component. The synchronization error SHOULD be below 100 milliseconds.

• [C-1-4] For any API indicated by the Android SDK documentation to be a continuous sensor , device implementations MUST continuously provide periodic data samples that SHOULD have a jitter below 3%, where jitter is defined as the standard deviation of the difference of the reported timestamp values between consecutive events.

• [C-1-5] MUST ensure that the sensor event stream MUST NOT prevent the device CPU from entering a suspend state or waking up from a suspend state.

• When several sensors are activated, the power consumption SHOULD NOT exceed the sum of the individual sensor's reported power consumption.

The list above is not comprehensive; the documented behavior of the Android SDK and the Android Open Source Documentations on sensors is to be considered authoritative.

Some sensor types are composite, meaning they can be derived from data provided by one or more other sensors. (Examples include the orientation sensor and the linear acceleration sensor.)

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD implement these sensor types, when they include the prerequisite physical sensors as described in sensor types .

If device implementations include a composite sensor, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST implement the sensor as described in the Android Open Source documentation on composite sensors .

7.3.1. مقياس التسارع

• Device implementations SHOULD include a 3-axis accelerometer.

If device implementations include a 3-axis accelerometer, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST be able to report events up to a frequency of at least 50 Hz.
• [C-1-2] MUST implement and report TYPE_ACCELEROMETER sensor.
• [C-1-3] MUST comply with the Android sensor coordinate system as detailed in the Android APIs.
• [C-1-4] MUST be capable of measuring from freefall up to four times the gravity(4g) or more on any axis.
• [C-1-5] MUST have a resolution of at least 12-bits.
• [C-1-6] MUST have a standard deviation no greater than 0.05 m/s^, where the standard deviation should be calculated on a per axis basis on samples collected over a period of at least 3 seconds at the fastest sampling rate.
• [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement the TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION composite sensor.
• [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement the TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_UNCALIBRATED sensor if online accelerometer calibration is available.
• SHOULD implement the TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION , TYPE_TILT_DETECTOR , TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR , TYPE_STEP_COUNTER composite sensors as described in the Android SDK document.
• SHOULD report events up to at least 200 Hz.
• SHOULD have a resolution of at least 16-bits.
• SHOULD be calibrated while in use if the characteristics changes over the life cycle and compensated, and preserve the compensation parameters between device reboots.
• SHOULD be temperature compensated.
• SHOULD also implement TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_UNCALIBRATED sensor.

If device implementations include a 3-axis accelerometer and any of the TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION , TYPE_TILT_DETECTOR , TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR , TYPE_STEP_COUNTER composite sensors are implemented:

• [C-2-1] The sum of their power consumption MUST always be less than 4 mW.
• SHOULD each be below 2 mW and 0.5 mW for when the device is in a dynamic or static condition.

If device implementations include a 3-axis accelerometer and a gyroscope sensor, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST implement the TYPE_GRAVITY and TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION composite sensors.
• SHOULD implement the TYPE_GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR composite sensor.
• [SR] Existing and new Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement the TYPE_GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR sensor.

If device implementations include a 3-axis accelerometer, a gyroscope sensor and a magnetometer sensor, they:

• [C-4-1] MUST implement a TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR composite sensor.

7.3.2. مقياس المغناطيسية

• Device implementations SHOULD include a 3-axis magnetometer (compass).

If device implementations include a 3-axis magnetometer, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement the TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD sensor.
• [C-1-2] MUST be able to report events up to a frequency of at least 10 Hz and SHOULD report events up to at least 50 Hz.
• [C-1-3] MUST comply with the Android sensor coordinate system as detailed in the Android APIs.
• [C-1-4] MUST be capable of measuring between -900 µT and +900 µT on each axis before saturating.
• [C-1-5] MUST have a hard iron offset value less than 700 µT and SHOULD have a value below 200 µT, by placing the magnetometer far from dynamic (current-induced) and static (magnet-induced) magnetic fields.
• [C-1-6] MUST have a resolution equal or denser than 0.6 µT.
• [C-1-7] MUST support online calibration and compensation of the hard iron bias, and preserve the compensation parameters between device reboots.
• [C-1-8] MUST have the soft iron compensation applied—the calibration can be done either while in use or during the production of the device.
• [C-1-9] MUST have a standard deviation, calculated on a per axis basis on samples collected over a period of at least 3 seconds at the fastest sampling rate, no greater than 1.5 µT; SHOULD have a standard deviation no greater than 0.5 µT.
• SHOULD implement TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED sensor.
• [SR] Existing and new Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement the TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED sensor.

If device implementations include a 3-axis magnetometer, an accelerometer sensor and a gyroscope sensor, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST implement a TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR composite sensor.

If device implementations include a 3-axis magnetometer, an accelerometer, they:

• MAY implement the TYPE_GEOMAGNETIC_ROTATION_VECTOR sensor.

If device implementations include a 3-axis magnetometer, an accelerometer and TYPE_GEOMAGNETIC_ROTATION_VECTOR sensor, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST consume less than 10 mW.
• SHOULD consume less than 3 mW when the sensor is registered for batch mode at 10 Hz.

7.3.3. نظام تحديد المواقع

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD include a GPS/GNSS receiver.

If device implementations include a GPS/GNSS receiver and report the capability to applications through the android.hardware.location.gps feature flag, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support location outputs at a rate of at least 1 Hz when requested via LocationManager#requestLocationUpdate .
• [C-1-2] MUST be able to determine the location in open-sky conditions (strong signals, negligible multipath, HDOP < 2) within 10 seconds (fast time to first fix), when connected to a 0.5 Mbps or faster data speed internet connection. This requirement is typically met by the use of some form of Assisted or Predicted GPS/GNSS technique to minimize GPS/GNSS lock-on time (Assistance data includes Reference Time, Reference Location and Satellite Ephemeris/Clock).
  • [C-1-6] After making such a location calculation, device implementations MUST determine its location, in open sky, within 5 seconds, when location requests are restarted, up to an hour after the initial location calculation, even when the subsequent request is made without a data connection, and/or after a power cycle.

• In open sky conditions after determining the location, while stationary or moving with less than 1 meter per second squared of acceleration:

  • [C-1-3] MUST be able to determine location within 20 meters, and speed within 0.5 meters per second, at least 95% of the time.
  • [C-1-4] MUST simultaneously track and report via GnssStatus.Callback at least 8 satellites from one constellation.
  • SHOULD be able to simultaneously track at least 24 satellites, from multiple constellations (eg GPS + at least one of Glonass, Beidou, Galileo).
  • [C-1-5] MUST report the GNSS technology generation through the test API 'getGnssYearOfHardware'.
  • [SR] Continue to deliver normal GPS/GNSS location outputs during an emergency phone call.
  • [SR] Report GNSS measurements from all constellations tracked (as reported in GnssStatus messages), with the exception of SBAS.
  • [SR] Report AGC, and Frequency of GNSS measurement.
  • [SR] Report all accuracy estimates (including Bearing, Speed, and Vertical) as part of each GPS/GNSS location.
  • [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet as many as possible from the additional mandatory requirements for devices reporting the year "2016" or "2017" through the Test API LocationManager.getGnssYearOfHardware() .

If device implementations include a GPS/GNSS receiver and report the capability to applications through the android.hardware.location.gps feature flag and the LocationManager.getGnssYearOfHardware() Test API reports the year "2016" or newer, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST report GNSS measurements, as soon as they are found, even if a location calculated from GPS/GNSS is not yet reported.
• [C-2-2] MUST report GNSS pseudoranges and pseudorange rates, that, in open-sky conditions after determining the location, while stationary or moving with less than 0.2 meter per second squared of acceleration, are sufficient to calculate position within 20 meters, and speed within 0.2 meters per second, at least 95% of the time.

If device implementations include a GPS/GNSS receiver and report the capability to applications through the android.hardware.location.gps feature flag and the LocationManager.getGnssYearOfHardware() Test API reports the year "2017" or newer, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST continue to deliver normal GPS/GNSS location outputs during an emergency phone call.
• [C-3-2] MUST report GNSS measurements from all constellations tracked (as reported in GnssStatus messages), with the exception of SBAS.
• [C-3-3] MUST report AGC, and Frequency of GNSS measurement.
• [C-3-4] MUST report all accuracy estimates (including Bearing, Speed, and Vertical) as part of each GPS/GNSS location.

If device implementations include a GPS/GNSS receiver and report the capability to applications through the android.hardware.location.gps feature flag and the LocationManager.getGnssYearOfHardware() Test API reports the year "2018" or newer, they:

• [C-4-1] MUST continue to deliver normal GPS/GNSS outputs to applications during a Mobile Station Based (MS-Based) Network Initiated emergency session call.
• [C-4-2] MUST report positions and measurements to the GNSS Location Provider API's.

7.3.4. جيروسكوب

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD include a gyroscope (angular change sensor).
• SHOULD NOT include a gyroscope sensor unless a 3-axis accelerometer is also included.

If device implementations include a gyroscope, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST be able to report events up to a frequency of at least 50 Hz.
• [C-1-2] MUST implement the TYPE_GYROSCOPE sensor and SHOULD also implement TYPE_GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED sensor.
• [C-1-3] MUST be capable of measuring orientation changes up to 1,000 degrees per second.
• [C-1-4] MUST have a resolution of 12-bits or more and SHOULD have a resolution of 16-bits or more.
• [C-1-5] MUST be temperature compensated.
• [C-1-6] MUST be calibrated and compensated while in use, and preserve the compensation parameters between device reboots.
• [C-1-7] MUST have a variance no greater than 1e-7 rad^2 / s^2 per Hz (variance per Hz, or rad^2 / s). The variance is allowed to vary with the sampling rate, but MUST be constrained by this value. In other words, if you measure the variance of the gyro at 1 Hz sampling rate it SHOULD be no greater than 1e-7 rad^2/s^2.
• [SR] Existing and new Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement the SENSOR_TYPE_GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED sensor.
• [SR] Calibration error is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to be less than 0.01 rad/s when device is stationary at room temperature.
• SHOULD report events up to at least 200 Hz.

If device implementations include a gyroscope, an accelerometer sensor and a magnetometer sensor, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST implement a TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR composite sensor.

If device implementations include a gyroscope and a accelerometer sensor, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST implement the TYPE_GRAVITY and TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION composite sensors.
• [SR] Existing and new Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement the TYPE_GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR sensor.
• SHOULD implement the TYPE_GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR composite sensor.

7.3.5. بارومتر

• Device implementations SHOULD include a barometer (ambient air pressure sensor).

If device implementations include a barometer, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement and report TYPE_PRESSURE sensor.
• [C-1-2] MUST be able to deliver events at 5 Hz or greater.
• [C-1-3] MUST be temperature compensated.
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to be able to report pressure measurements in the range 300hPa to 1100hPa.
• SHOULD have an absolute accuracy of 1hPa.
• SHOULD have a relative accuracy of 0.12hPa over 20hPa range (equivalent to ~1m accuracy over ~200m change at sea level).

7.3.6. ميزان الحرارة

Device implementations: * MAY include an ambient thermometer (temperature sensor). * MAY but SHOULD NOT include a CPU temperature sensor.

If device implementations include an ambient thermometer (temperature sensor), they:

• [C-1-1] MUST be defined as SENSOR_TYPE_AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE and MUST measure the ambient (room/vehicle cabin) temperature from where the user is interacting with the device in degrees Celsius.
• [C-1-2] MUST be defined as SENSOR_TYPE_TEMPERATURE .
• [C-1-3] MUST measure the temperature of the device CPU.
• [C-1-4] MUST NOT measure any other temperature.

Note the SENSOR_TYPE_TEMPERATURE sensor type was deprecated in Android 4.0.

7.3.7. مضواء

• Device implementations MAY include a photometer (ambient light sensor).

7.3.8. مستشعر القرب

• Device implementations MAY include a proximity sensor.

If device implementations include a proximity sensor, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST measure the proximity of an object in the same direction as the screen. That is, the proximity sensor MUST be oriented to detect objects close to the screen, as the primary intent of this sensor type is to detect a phone in use by the user. If device implementations include a proximity sensor with any other orientation, it MUST NOT be accessible through this API.
• [C-1-2] MUST have 1-bit of accuracy or more.

7.3.9. أجهزة استشعار عالية الدقة

If device implementations include a set of higher quality sensors as defined in this section, and make available them to third-party apps, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST identify the capability through the android.hardware.sensor.hifi_sensors feature flag.

If device implementations declare android.hardware.sensor.hifi_sensors , they:

• [C-2-1] MUST have a TYPE_ACCELEROMETER sensor which:

  • MUST have a measurement range between at least -8g and +8g, SHOULD have a measurement range between at least -16g and +16g.
  • MUST have a measurement resolution of at least 2048 LSB/g.
  • MUST have a minimum measurement frequency of 12.5 Hz or lower.
  • MUST have a maximum measurement frequency of 400 Hz or higher; SHOULD support the SensorDirectChannel RATE_VERY_FAST .
  • MUST have a measurement noise not above 400 μg/√Hz.
  • MUST implement a non-wake-up form of this sensor with a buffering capability of at least 3000 sensor events.
  • MUST have a batching power consumption not worse than 3 mW.
  • [C-SR] Is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have 3dB measurement bandwidth of at least 80% of Nyquist frequency, and white noise spectrum within this bandwidth.
  • SHOULD have an acceleration random walk less than 30 μg √Hz tested at room temperature.
  • SHOULD have a bias change vs. temperature of ≤ +/- 1 mg/°C.
  • SHOULD have a best-fit line non-linearity of ≤ 0.5%, and sensitivity change vs. temperature of ≤ 0.03%/C°.
  • SHOULD have cross-axis sensitivity of < 2.5 % and variation of cross-axis sensitivity < 0.2% in device operation temperature range.

• [C-2-2] MUST have a TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_UNCALIBRATED with the same quality requirements as TYPE_ACCELEROMETER .

• [C-2-3] MUST have a TYPE_GYROSCOPE sensor which:

  • MUST have a measurement range between at least -1000 and +1000 dps.
  • MUST have a measurement resolution of at least 16 LSB/dps.
  • MUST have a minimum measurement frequency of 12.5 Hz or lower.
  • MUST have a maximum measurement frequency of 400 Hz or higher; SHOULD support the SensorDirectChannel RATE_VERY_FAST .
  • MUST have a measurement noise not above 0.014°/s/√Hz.
  • [C-SR] Is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have 3dB measurement bandwidth of at least 80% of Nyquist frequency, and white noise spectrum within this bandwidth.
  • SHOULD have a rate random walk less than 0.001 °/s √Hz tested at room temperature.
  • SHOULD have a bias change vs. temperature of ≤ +/- 0.05 °/ s / °C.
  • SHOULD have a sensitivity change vs. temperature of ≤ 0.02% / °C.
  • SHOULD have a best-fit line non-linearity of ≤ 0.2%.
  • SHOULD have a noise density of ≤ 0.007 °/s/√Hz.
  • SHOULD have calibration error less than 0.002 rad/s in temperature range 10 ~ 40 ℃ when device is stationary.
  • SHOULD have g-sensitivity less than 0.1°/s/g.
  • SHOULD have cross-axis sensitivity of < 4.0 % and cross-axis sensitivity variation < 0.3% in device operation temperature range.

• [C-2-4] MUST have a TYPE_GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED with the same quality requirements as TYPE_GYROSCOPE .

• [C-2-5] MUST have a TYPE_GEOMAGNETIC_FIELD sensor which:

  • MUST have a measurement range between at least -900 and +900 μT.
  • MUST have a measurement resolution of at least 5 LSB/uT.
  • MUST have a minimum measurement frequency of 5 Hz or lower.
  • MUST have a maximum measurement frequency of 50 Hz or higher.
  • MUST have a measurement noise not above 0.5 uT.

• [C-2-6] MUST have a TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED with the same quality requirements as TYPE_GEOMAGNETIC_FIELD and in addition:

  • MUST implement a non-wake-up form of this sensor with a buffering capability of at least 600 sensor events.
  • [C-SR] Is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have white noise spectrum from 1 Hz to at least 10 Hz when the report rate is 50 Hz or higher.

• [C-2-7] MUST have a TYPE_PRESSURE sensor which:

  • MUST have a measurement range between at least 300 and 1100 hPa.
  • MUST have a measurement resolution of at least 80 LSB/hPa.
  • MUST have a minimum measurement frequency of 1 Hz or lower.
  • MUST have a maximum measurement frequency of 10 Hz or higher.
  • MUST have a measurement noise not above 2 Pa/√Hz.
  • MUST implement a non-wake-up form of this sensor with a buffering capability of at least 300 sensor events.
  • MUST have a batching power consumption not worse than 2 mW.
• [C-2-8] MUST have a TYPE_GAME_ROTATION_VECTOR sensor which:
  • MUST implement a non-wake-up form of this sensor with a buffering capability of at least 300 sensor events.
  • MUST have a batching power consumption not worse than 4 mW.
• [C-2-9] MUST have a TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION sensor which:
  • MUST have a power consumption not worse than 0.5 mW when device is static and 1.5 mW when device is moving.
• [C-2-10] MUST have a TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR sensor which:
  • MUST implement a non-wake-up form of this sensor with a buffering capability of at least 100 sensor events.
  • MUST have a power consumption not worse than 0.5 mW when device is static and 1.5 mW when device is moving.
  • MUST have a batching power consumption not worse than 4 mW.
• [C-2-11] MUST have a TYPE_STEP_COUNTER sensor which:
  • MUST have a power consumption not worse than 0.5 mW when device is static and 1.5 mW when device is moving.
• [C-2-12] MUST have a TILT_DETECTOR sensor which:
  • MUST have a power consumption not worse than 0.5 mW when device is static and 1.5 mW when device is moving.
• [C-2-13] The event timestamp of the same physical event reported by the Accelerometer, Gyroscope, and Magnetometer MUST be within 2.5 milliseconds of each other. The event timestamp of the same physical event reported by the Accelerometer and Gyroscope SHOULD be within 0.25 milliseconds of each other.
• [C-2-14] MUST have Gyroscope sensor event timestamps on the same time base as the camera subsystem and within 1 milliseconds of error.
• [C-2-15] MUST deliver samples to applications within 5 milliseconds from the time when the data is available on any of the above physical sensors to the application.
• [C-2-16] MUST NOT have a power consumption higher than 0.5 mW when device is static and 2.0 mW when device is moving when any combination of the following sensors are enabled:
  • SENSOR_TYPE_SIGNIFICANT_MOTION
  • SENSOR_TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR
  • SENSOR_TYPE_STEP_COUNTER
  • SENSOR_TILT_DETECTORS
• [C-2-17] MAY have a TYPE_PROXIMITY sensor, but if present MUST have a minimum buffer capability of 100 sensor events.

Note that all power consumption requirements in this section do not include the power consumption of the Application Processor. It is inclusive of the power drawn by the entire sensor chain—the sensor, any supporting circuitry, any dedicated sensor processing system, etc.

If device implementations include direct sensor support, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST correctly declare support of direct channel types and direct report rates level through the isDirectChannelTypeSupported and getHighestDirectReportRateLevel API.
• [C-3-2] MUST support at least one of the two sensor direct channel types for all sensors that declare support for sensor direct channel.
  • TYPE_HARDWARE_BUFFER
  • TYPE_MEMORY_FILE
• SHOULD support event reporting through sensor direct channel for primary sensor (non-wakeup variant) of the following types:
  • TYPE_ACCELEROMETER
  • TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_UNCALIBRATED
  • TYPE_GYROSCOPE
  • TYPE_GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED
  • TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD
  • TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED

7.3.10. Biometric Sensors

7.3.10.1. Fingerprint Sensors

If device implementations include a secure lock screen, they:

• SHOULD include a fingerprint sensor.

If device implementations include a fingerprint sensor and make the sensor available to third-party apps, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare support for the android.hardware.fingerprint feature.
• [C-1-2] MUST fully implement the corresponding API as described in the Android SDK documentation.
• [C-1-3] MUST have a false acceptance rate not higher than 0.002%.
• [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have a spoof and imposter acceptance rate not higher than 7%.
• [C-1-4] MUST disclose that this mode may be less secure than a strong PIN, pattern, or password and clearly enumerate the risks of enabling it, if the spoof and imposter acceptance rates are higher than 7%.
• [C-1-5] MUST rate limit attempts for at least 30 seconds after five false trials for fingerprint verification.
• [C-1-6] MUST have a hardware-backed keystore implementation, and perform the fingerprint matching in a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) or on a chip with a secure channel to the TEE.
• [C-1-7] MUST have all identifiable fingerprint data encrypted and cryptographically authenticated such that they cannot be acquired, read or altered outside of the TEE, or a chip with a secure channel to the TEE as documented in the implementation guidelines on the Android Open Source Project site.
• [C-1-8] MUST prevent adding a fingerprint without first establishing a chain of trust by having the user confirm existing or add a new device credential (PIN/pattern/password) that's secured by TEE; the Android Open Source Project implementation provides the mechanism in the framework to do so.
• [C-1-9] MUST NOT enable 3rd-party applications to distinguish between individual fingerprints.
• [C-1-10] MUST honor the DevicePolicyManager.KEYGUARD_DISABLE_FINGERPRINT flag.
• [C-1-11] MUST, when upgraded from a version earlier than Android 6.0, have the fingerprint data securely migrated to meet the above requirements or removed.
• [C-1-12] MUST completely remove all identifiable fingerprint data for a user when the user's account is removed (including via a factory reset).
• [C-1-13] MUST not allow unencrypted access to identifiable fingerprint data or any data derived from it (such as embeddings) to the Application Processor.
• [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have a false rejection rate of less than 10%, as measured on the device.
• [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have a latency below 1 second, measured from when the fingerprint sensor is touched until the screen is unlocked, for one enrolled finger.
• SHOULD use the Android Fingerprint icon provided in the Android Open Source Project.

7.3.10.2. Other Biometric Sensors

If device implementations include one or more non-fingerprint-based-biometric sensors and make them available to third-party apps they:

• [C-1-1] MUST have a false acceptance rate not higher than 0.002%.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have a spoof and imposter acceptance rate not higher than 7%.
• [C-1-2] MUST disclose that this mode may be less secure than a strong PIN, pattern, or password and clearly enumerate the risks of enabling it, if the spoof and imposter acceptance rates are higher than 7%.
• [C-1-3] MUST rate limit attempts for at least 30 seconds after five false trials for biometric verification - where a false trial is one with an adequate capture quality (ACQUIRED_GOOD) that does not match an enrolled biometric
• [C-1-4] MUST have a hardware-backed keystore implementation, and perform the biometric matching in a TEE or on a chip with a secure channel to the TEE.
• [C-1-5] MUST have all identifiable data encrypted and cryptographically authenticated such that they cannot be acquired, read or altered outside of the TEE, or a chip with a secure channel to the TEE as documented in the implementation guidelines on the Android Open Source Project site.
• [C-1-6] MUST prevent adding new biometrics without first establishing a chain of trust by having the user confirm existing or add a new device credential (PIN/pattern/password) that's secured by TEE; the Android Open Source Project implementation provides the mechanism in the framework to do so.
• [C-1-7] MUST NOT enable third-party applications to distinguish between biometric enrollments.
• [C-1-8] MUST honor the individual flag for that biometric (ie: DevicePolicyManager.KEYGUARD_DISABLE_FINGERPRINT , DevicePolicymanager.KEYGUARD_DISABLE_FACE , or DevicePolicymanager.KEYGUARD_DISABLE_IRIS ).
• [C-1-9] MUST completely remove all identifiable biometric data for a user when the user's account is removed (including via a factory reset).
• [C-1-10] MUST not allow unencrypted access to identifiable biometric data or any data derived from it (such as embeddings) to the Application Processor outside the context of the TEE.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have a false rejection rate of less than 10%, as measured on the device.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have a latency below 1 second, measured from when the biometric is detected, until the screen is unlocked, for each enrolled biometric.

7.3.11. أجهزة استشعار Android للسيارات فقط

Automotive-specific sensors are defined in the android.car.CarSensorManager API .

7.3.11.1. العتاد الحالي

See Section 2.5.1 for device-specific requirements.

7.3.11.2. وضع الليل والنهار

See Section 2.5.1 for device-specific requirements.

7.3.11.3. حالة القيادة

This requirement is deprecated.

7.3.11.4. سرعة العجلة

See Section 2.5.1 for device-specific requirements.

7.3.11.5. فرملة اليد

See Section 2.5.1 for device-specific requirements.

7.3.12. مستشعر الوضع

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• MAY support pose sensor with 6 degrees of freedom.

If device implementations support pose sensor with 6 degrees of freedom, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement and report TYPE_POSE_6DOF sensor.
• [C-1-2] MUST be more accurate than the rotation vector alone.

7.4. اتصال البيانات

7.4.1. الاتصالات الهاتفية

“Telephony” as used by the Android APIs and this document refers specifically to hardware related to placing voice calls and sending SMS messages via a GSM or CDMA network. While these voice calls may or may not be packet-switched, they are for the purposes of Android considered independent of any data connectivity that may be implemented using the same network. In other words, the Android “telephony” functionality and APIs refer specifically to voice calls and SMS. For instance, device implementations that cannot place calls or send/receive SMS messages are not considered a telephony device, regardless of whether they use a cellular network for data connectivity.

• Android MAY be used on devices that do not include telephony hardware. That is, Android is compatible with devices that are not phones.

If device implementations include GSM or CDMA telephony, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare the android.hardware.telephony feature flag and other sub-feature flags according to the technology.
• [C-1-2] MUST implement full support for the API for that technology.

If device implementations do not include telephony hardware, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST implement the full APIs as no-ops.

7.4.1.1. توافق حظر الأرقام

If device implementations report the android.hardware.telephony feature , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST include number blocking support
• [C-1-2] MUST fully implement BlockedNumberContract and the corresponding API as described in the SDK documentation.
• [C-1-3] MUST block all calls and messages from a phone number in 'BlockedNumberProvider' without any interaction with apps. The only exception is when number blocking is temporarily lifted as described in the SDK documentation.
• [C-1-4] MUST NOT write to the platform call log provider for a blocked call.
• [C-1-5] MUST NOT write to the Telephony provider for a blocked message.
• [C-1-6] MUST implement a blocked numbers management UI, which is opened with the intent returned by TelecomManager.createManageBlockedNumbersIntent() method.
• [C-1-7] MUST NOT allow secondary users to view or edit the blocked numbers on the device as the Android platform assumes the primary user to have full control of the telephony services, a single instance, on the device. All blocking related UI MUST be hidden for secondary users and the blocked list MUST still be respected.
• SHOULD migrate the blocked numbers into the provider when a device updates to Android 7.0.

7.4.1.2. Telecom API

If device implementations report android.hardware.telephony , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support the ConnectionService APIs described in the SDK .
• [C-1-2] MUST display a new incoming call and provide user affordance to accept or reject the incoming call when the user is on an ongoing call that is made by a third-party app that does not support the hold feature specified via CAPABILITY_SUPPORT_HOLD .

• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to notify the user that answering an incoming call will drop an ongoing call.

  The AOSP implementation meets these requirements by a heads-up notification which indicates to the user that answering an incoming call will cause the other call to be dropped.

• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to preload the default dialer app that shows a call log entry and the name of a third-party app in its call log when the third-party app sets the EXTRA_LOG_SELF_MANAGED_CALLS extras key on its PhoneAccount to true .

• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to handle the audio headset's KEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE and KEYCODE_HEADSETHOOK events for the android.telecom APIs as below:
  • Call Connection.onDisconnect() when a short press of the key event is detected during an ongoing call.
  • Call Connection.onAnswer() when a short press of the key event is detected during an incoming call.
  • Call Connection.onReject() when a long press of the key event is detected during an incoming call.
  • Toggle the mute status of the CallAudioState .

7.4.2. آي إي إي إي 802.11 (واي فاي)

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD include support for one or more forms of 802.11.

If device implementations include support for 802.11 and expose the functionality to a third-party application, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement the corresponding Android API.
• [C-1-2] MUST report the hardware feature flag android.hardware.wifi .
• [C-1-3] MUST implement the multicast API as described in the SDK documentation.
• [C-1-4] MUST support multicast DNS (mDNS) and MUST NOT filter mDNS packets (224.0.0.251) at any time of operation including:
  • Even when the screen is not in an active state.
  • For Android Television device implementations, even when in standby power states.
• [C-1-5] MUST NOT treat the WifiManager.enableNetwork() API method call as a sufficient indication to switch the currently active Network that is used by default for application traffic and is returned by ConnectivityManager API methods such as getActiveNetwork and registerDefaultNetworkCallback . In other words, they MAY only disable the Internet access provided by any other network provider (eg mobile data) if they successfully validate that the Wi-Fi network is providing Internet access.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED, when the ConnectivityManager.reportNetworkConnectivity() API method is called, to re-evaluate the Internet access on the Network and, once the evaluation determines that the current Network no longer provides Internet access, switch to any other available network (eg mobile data) that provides Internet access.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to randomize the source MAC address and sequence number of probe request frames, once at the beginning of each scan, while STA is disconnected.
  • Each group of probe request frames comprising one scan should use one consistent MAC address (SHOULD NOT randomize MAC address halfway through a scan).
  • Probe request sequence number should iterate as normal (sequentially) between the probe requests in a scan.
  • Probe request sequence number should randomize between the last probe request of a scan and the first probe request of the next scan.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED, while STA is disconnected, to allow only the following elements in probe request frames:
  • SSID Parameter Set (0)
  • DS Parameter Set (3)

If device implementations support Wi-Fi and use Wi-Fi for location scanning, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST provide a user affordance to enable/disable the value read through the WifiManager.isScanAlwaysAvailable API method.

7.4.2.1. واي فاي مباشر

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD include support for Wi-Fi Direct (Wi-Fi peer-to-peer).

If device implementations include support for Wi-Fi Direct, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement the corresponding Android API as described in the SDK documentation.
• [C-1-2] MUST report the hardware feature android.hardware.wifi.direct .
• [C-1-3] MUST support regular Wi-Fi operation.
• [C-1-4] MUST support Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi Direct operations concurrently.

7.4.2.2. إعداد الارتباط المباشر عبر نفق Wi-Fi

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD include support for Wi-Fi Tunneled Direct Link Setup (TDLS) as described in the Android SDK Documentation.

If device implementations include support for TDLS and TDLS is enabled by the WiFiManager API, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare support for TDLS through WifiManager.isTdlsSupported .
• SHOULD use TDLS only when it is possible AND beneficial.
• SHOULD have some heuristic and NOT use TDLS when its performance might be worse than going through the Wi-Fi access point.

7.4.2.3. Wi-Fi Aware

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD include support for Wi-Fi Aware .

If device implementations include support for Wi-Fi Aware and expose the functionality to third-party apps, then they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement the WifiAwareManager APIs as described in the SDK documentation .
• [C-1-2] MUST declare the android.hardware.wifi.aware feature flag.
• [C-1-3] MUST support Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi Aware operations concurrently.
• [C-1-4] MUST randomize the Wi-Fi Aware management interface address at intervals no longer than 30 minutes and whenever Wi-Fi Aware is enabled.

If device implementations include support for Wi-Fi Aware and Wi-Fi Location as described in Section 7.4.2.5 and exposes these functionalities to third-party apps, then they:

• [C-2-1] MUST implement the location-aware discovery APIs: setRangingEnabled , setMinDistanceMm , setMaxDistanceMm , and onServiceDiscoveredWithinRange .

7.4.2.4. Wi-Fi Passpoint

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD include support for Wi-Fi Passpoint .

If device implementations include support for Wi-Fi Passpoint, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement the Passpoint related WifiManager APIs as described in the SDK documentation .
• [C-1-2] MUST support IEEE 802.11u standard, specifically related to Network Discovery and Selection, such as Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) and Access Network Query Protocol (ANQP).

Conversely if device implementations do not include support for Wi-Fi Passpoint:

• [C-2-1] The implementation of the Passpoint related WifiManager APIs MUST throw an UnsupportedOperationException .

7.4.2.5. Wi-Fi Location (Wi-Fi Round Trip Time - RTT)

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD include support for Wi-Fi Location .

If device implementations include support for Wi-Fi Location and expose the functionality to third-party apps, then they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement the WifiRttManager APIs as described in the SDK documentation .
• [C-1-2] MUST declare the android.hardware.wifi.rtt feature flag.
• [C-1-3] MUST randomize the source MAC address for each RTT burst which is executed while the Wi-Fi interface on which the RTT is being executed is not associated to an Access Point.

7.4.3. بلوتوث

If device implementations support Bluetooth Audio profile, they:

• SHOULD support Advanced Audio Codecs and Bluetooth Audio Codecs (eg LDAC).

If device implementations support HFP, A2DP and AVRCP, they:

• SHOULD support at least 5 total connected devices.

If device implementations declare android.hardware.vr.high_performance feature, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support Bluetooth 4.2 and Bluetooth LE Data Length Extension.

Android includes support for Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy .

If device implementations include support for Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST declare the relevant platform features ( android.hardware.bluetooth and android.hardware.bluetooth_le respectively) and implement the platform APIs.
• SHOULD implement relevant Bluetooth profiles such as A2DP, AVRCP, OBEX, HFP, etc. as appropriate for the device.

If device implementations include support for Bluetooth Low Energy, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST declare the hardware feature android.hardware.bluetooth_le .
• [C-3-2] MUST enable the GATT (generic attribute profile) based Bluetooth APIs as described in the SDK documentation and android.bluetooth .
• [C-3-3] MUST report the correct value for BluetoothAdapter.isOffloadedFilteringSupported() to indicate whether the filtering logic for the ScanFilter API classes is implemented.
• [C-3-4] MUST report the correct value for BluetoothAdapter.isMultipleAdvertisementSupported() to indicate whether Low Energy Advertising is supported.
• SHOULD support offloading of the filtering logic to the bluetooth chipset when implementing the ScanFilter API .
• SHOULD support offloading of the batched scanning to the bluetooth chipset.

• SHOULD support multi advertisement with at least 4 slots.

• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement a Resolvable Private Address (RPA) timeout no longer than 15 minutes and rotate the address at timeout to protect user privacy.

If device implementations support Bluetooth LE and use Bluetooth LE for location scanning, they:

• [C-4-1] MUST provide a user affordance to enable/disable the value read through the System API BluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable() .

7.4.4. بالقرب اتصالات الميدان

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD include a transceiver and related hardware for Near-Field Communications (NFC).
• [C-0-1] MUST implement android.nfc.NdefMessage and android.nfc.NdefRecord APIs even if they do not include support for NFC or declare the android.hardware.nfc feature as the classes represent a protocol-independent data representation format .

If device implementations include NFC hardware and plan to make it available to third-party apps, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report the android.hardware.nfc feature from the android.content.pm.PackageManager.hasSystemFeature() method .
• MUST be capable of reading and writing NDEF messages via the following NFC standards as below:
• [C-1-2] MUST be capable of acting as an NFC Forum reader/writer (as defined by the NFC Forum technical specification NFCForum-TS-DigitalProtocol-1.0) via the following NFC standards:
  • NfcA (ISO14443-3A)
  • NfcB (ISO14443-3B)
  • NfcF (JIS X 6319-4)
  • IsoDep (ISO 14443-4)
  • NFC Forum Tag Types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (defined by the NFC Forum)

• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to be capable of reading and writing NDEF messages as well as raw data via the following NFC standards. Note that while the NFC standards are stated as STRONGLY RECOMMENDED, the Compatibility Definition for a future version is planned to change these to MUST. These standards are optional in this version but will be required in future versions. Existing and new devices that run this version of Android are very strongly encouraged to meet these requirements now so they will be able to upgrade to the future platform releases.

• [C-1-3] MUST be capable of transmitting and receiving data via the following peer-to-peer standards and protocols:

  • ISO 18092
  • LLCP 1.2 (defined by the NFC Forum)
  • SDP 1.0 (defined by the NFC Forum)
  • NDEF Push Protocol
  • SNEP 1.0 (defined by the NFC Forum)
• [C-1-4] MUST include support for Android Beam and SHOULD enable Android Beam by default.
• [C-1-5] MUST be able to send and receive using Android Beam, when Android Beam is enabled or another proprietary NFC P2p mode is turned on.
• [C-1-6] MUST implement the SNEP default server. Valid NDEF messages received by the default SNEP server MUST be dispatched to applications using the android.nfc.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED intent. Disabling Android Beam in settings MUST NOT disable dispatch of incoming NDEF message.
• [C-1-7] MUST honor the android.settings.NFCSHARING_SETTINGS intent to show NFC sharing settings .
• [C-1-8] MUST implement the NPP server. Messages received by the NPP server MUST be processed the same way as the SNEP default server.
• [C-1-9] MUST implement a SNEP client and attempt to send outbound P2P NDEF to the default SNEP server when Android Beam is enabled. If no default SNEP server is found then the client MUST attempt to send to an NPP server.
• [C-1-10] MUST allow foreground activities to set the outbound P2P NDEF message using android.nfc.NfcAdapter.setNdefPushMessage , and android.nfc.NfcAdapter.setNdefPushMessageCallback , and android.nfc.NfcAdapter.enableForegroundNdefPush .
• SHOULD use a gesture or on-screen confirmation, such as 'Touch to Beam', before sending outbound P2P NDEF messages.
• [C-1-11] MUST support NFC Connection handover to Bluetooth when the device supports Bluetooth Object Push Profile.
• [C-1-12] MUST support connection handover to Bluetooth when using android.nfc.NfcAdapter.setBeamPushUris , by implementing the “ Connection Handover version 1.2 ” and “ Bluetooth Secure Simple Pairing Using NFC version 1.0 ” specs from the NFC Forum. Such an implementation MUST implement the handover LLCP service with service name “urn:nfc:sn:handover” for exchanging the handover request/select records over NFC, and it MUST use the Bluetooth Object Push Profile for the actual Bluetooth data transfer. For legacy reasons (to remain compatible with Android 4.1 devices), the implementation SHOULD still accept SNEP GET requests for exchanging the handover request/select records over NFC. However an implementation itself SHOULD NOT send SNEP GET requests for performing connection handover.
• [C-1-13] MUST poll for all supported technologies while in NFC discovery mode.
• SHOULD be in NFC discovery mode while the device is awake with the screen active and the lock-screen unlocked.
• SHOULD be capable of reading the barcode and URL (if encoded) of Thinfilm NFC Barcode products.

Note that publicly available links are not available for the JIS, ISO, and NFC Forum specifications cited above.

Android includes support for NFC Host Card Emulation (HCE) mode.

If device implementations include an NFC controller chipset capable of HCE (for NfcA and/or NfcB) and support Application ID (AID) routing, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST report the android.hardware.nfc.hce feature constant.
• [C-2-2] MUST support NFC HCE APIs as defined in the Android SDK.

If device implementations include an NFC controller chipset capable of HCE for NfcF, and implement the feature for third-party applications, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST report the android.hardware.nfc.hcef feature constant.
• [C-3-2] MUST implement the NfcF Card Emulation APIs as defined in the Android SDK.

If device implementations include general NFC support as described in this section and support MIFARE technologies (MIFARE Classic, MIFARE Ultralight, NDEF on MIFARE Classic) in the reader/writer role, they:

• [C-4-1] MUST implement the corresponding Android APIs as documented by the Android SDK.
• [C-4-2] MUST report the feature com.nxp.mifare from the android.content.pm.PackageManager.hasSystemFeature () method. Note that this is not a standard Android feature and as such does not appear as a constant in the android.content.pm.PackageManager class.

7.4.5. الحد الأدنى من قدرة الشبكة

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST include support for one or more forms of data networking. Specifically, device implementations MUST include support for at least one data standard capable of 200 Kbit/sec or greater. Examples of technologies that satisfy this requirement include EDGE, HSPA, EV-DO, 802.11g, Ethernet and Bluetooth PAN.
• SHOULD also include support for at least one common wireless data standard, such as 802.11 (Wi-Fi), when a physical networking standard (such as Ethernet) is the primary data connection.
• MAY implement more than one form of data connectivity.
• [C-0-2] MUST include an IPv6 networking stack and support IPv6 communication using the managed APIs, such as java.net.Socket and java.net.URLConnection , as well as the native APIs, such as AF_INET6 sockets.
• [C-0-3] MUST enable IPv6 by default.
• MUST ensure that IPv6 communication is as reliable as IPv4, for example:
  • [C-0-4] MUST maintain IPv6 connectivity in doze mode.
  • [C-0-5] Rate-limiting MUST NOT cause the device to lose IPv6 connectivity on any IPv6-compliant network that uses RA lifetimes of at least 180 seconds.
• [C-0-6] MUST provide third-party applications with direct IPv6 connectivity to the network when connected to an IPv6 network, without any form of address or port translation happening locally on the device. Both managed APIs such as Socket#getLocalAddress or Socket#getLocalPort ) and NDK APIs such as getsockname() or IPV6_PKTINFO MUST return the IP address and port that is actually used to send and receive packets on the network.

The required level of IPv6 support depends on the network type, as shown in the following requirements.

If device implementations support Wi-Fi, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support dual-stack and IPv6-only operation on Wi-Fi.

If device implementations support Ethernet, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST support dual-stack operation on Ethernet.

If device implementations support Cellular data, they:

• SHOULD support IPv6 operation (IPv6-only and possibly dual-stack) on cellular.

If device implementations support more than one network type (eg, Wi-Fi and cellular data), they:

• [C-3-1] MUST simultaneously meet the above requirements on each network when the device is simultaneously connected to more than one network type.

7.4.6. إعدادات المزامنة

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST have the master auto-sync setting on by default so that the method getMasterSyncAutomatically() returns “true”.

7.4.7. توفير البيانات

If device implementations include a metered connection, they are:

• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide the data saver mode.

If device implementations provide the data saver mode, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support all the APIs in the ConnectivityManager class as described in the SDK documentation
• [C-1-2] MUST provide a user interface in the settings, that handles the Settings.ACTION_IGNORE_BACKGROUND_DATA_RESTRICTIONS_SETTINGS intent, allowing users to add applications to or remove applications from the allowlist.

If device implementations do not provide the data saver mode, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST return the value RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED for ConnectivityManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus()
• [C-2-2] MUST NOT broadcast ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED .
• [C-2-3] MUST have an activity that handles the Settings.ACTION_IGNORE_BACKGROUND_DATA_RESTRICTIONS_SETTINGS intent but MAY implement it as a no-op.

7.4.8. Secure Elements

If device implementations support Open Mobile API capable secure elements and make them available to 3rd-party apps, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST enumerate the available Secure Elements readers when android.se.omapi.SEService.getReaders() method is called.

7.5. الكاميرات

If device implementations include at least one camera, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare the android.hardware.camera.any feature flag.
• [C-1-2] MUST be possible for an application to simultaneously allocate 3 RGBA_8888 bitmaps equal to the size of the images produced by the largest-resolution camera sensor on the device, while camera is open for the purpose of basic preview and still يأسر.

7.5.1. الكاميرا الخلفية المواجهة

A rear-facing camera is a camera located on the side of the device opposite the display; that is, it images scenes on the far side of the device, like a traditional camera.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD include a rear-facing camera.

If device implementations include at least one rear-facing camera, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report the feature flag android.hardware.camera and android.hardware.camera.any .
• [C-1-2] MUST have a resolution of at least 2 megapixels.
• SHOULD have either hardware auto-focus or software auto-focus implemented in the camera driver (transparent to application software).
• MAY have fixed-focus or EDOF (extended depth of field) hardware.
• MAY include a flash.

If the camera includes a flash:

• [C-2-1] the flash lamp MUST NOT be lit while an android.hardware.Camera.PreviewCallback instance has been registered on a Camera preview surface, unless the application has explicitly enabled the flash by enabling the FLASH_MODE_AUTO or FLASH_MODE_ON attributes of a Camera.Parameters object. Note that this constraint does not apply to the device's built-in system camera application, but only to third-party applications using Camera.PreviewCallback .

7.5.2. الكاميرا الأمامية

A front-facing camera is a camera located on the same side of the device as the display; that is, a camera typically used to image the user, such as for video conferencing and similar applications.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• MAY include a front-facing camera.

If device implementations include at least one front-facing camera, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report the feature flag android.hardware.camera.any and android.hardware.camera.front .
• [C-1-2] MUST have a resolution of at least VGA (640x480 pixels).
• [C-1-3] MUST NOT use a front-facing camera as the default for the Camera API and MUST NOT configure the API to treat a front-facing camera as the default rear-facing camera, even if it is the only camera on the device.
• [C-1-4] The camera preview MUST be mirrored horizontally relative to the orientation specified by the application when the current application has explicitly requested that the Camera display be rotated via a call to the android.hardware.Camera.setDisplayOrientation() method . Conversely, the preview MUST be mirrored along the device's default horizontal axis when the current application does not explicitly request that the Camera display be rotated via a call to the android.hardware.Camera.setDisplayOrientation() method.
• [C-1-5] MUST NOT mirror the final captured still image or video streams returned to application callbacks or committed to media storage.
• [C-1-6] MUST mirror the image displayed by the postview in the same manner as the camera preview image stream.
• MAY include features (such as auto-focus, flash, etc.) available to rear-facing cameras as described in section 7.5.1 .

If device implementations are capable of being rotated by user (such as automatically via an accelerometer or manually via user input):

• [C-2-1] The camera preview MUST be mirrored horizontally relative to the device's current orientation.

7.5.3. كاميرا خارجية

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• MAY include support for an external camera that is not necessarily always connected.

If device implementations include support for an external camera, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare the platform feature flag android.hardware.camera.external and android.hardware camera.any .
• [C-1-2] MUST support USB Video Class (UVC 1.0 or higher) if the external camera connects through the USB host port.
• [C-1-3] MUST pass camera CTS tests with a physical external camera device connected. Details of camera CTS testing are available at source.android.com .
• SHOULD support video compressions such as MJPEG to enable transfer of high-quality unencoded streams (ie raw or independently compressed picture streams).
• MAY support multiple cameras.
• MAY support camera-based video encoding.

If camera-based video encoding is supported:

• [C-2-1] A simultaneous unencoded / MJPEG stream (QVGA or greater resolution) MUST be accessible to the device implementation.

7.5.4. سلوك واجهة برمجة تطبيقات الكاميرا

Android includes two API packages to access the camera, the newer android.hardware.camera2 API expose lower-level camera control to the app, including efficient zero-copy burst/streaming flows and per-frame controls of exposure, gain, white balance gains, color conversion, denoising, sharpening, and more.

The older API package, android.hardware.Camera , is marked as deprecated in Android 5.0 but as it should still be available for apps to use. Android device implementations MUST ensure the continued support of the API as described in this section and in the Android SDK.

All features that are common between the deprecated android.hardware.Camera class and the newer android.hardware.camera2 package MUST have equivalent performance and quality in both APIs. For example, with equivalent settings, autofocus speed and accuracy must be identical, and the quality of captured images must be the same. Features that depend on the different semantics of the two APIs are not required to have matching speed or quality, but SHOULD match as closely as possible.

Device implementations MUST implement the following behaviors for the camera-related APIs, for all available cameras. تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST use android.hardware.PixelFormat.YCbCr_420_SP for preview data provided to application callbacks when an application has never called android.hardware.Camera.Parameters.setPreviewFormat(int) .
• [C-0-2] MUST further be in the NV21 encoding format when an application registers an android.hardware.Camera.PreviewCallback instance and the system calls the onPreviewFrame() method and the preview format is YCbCr_420_SP, the data in the byte[] passed into onPreviewFrame() . That is, NV21 MUST be the default.
• [C-0-3] MUST support the YV12 format (as denoted by the android.graphics.ImageFormat.YV12 constant) for camera previews for both front- and rear-facing cameras for android.hardware.Camera . (The hardware video encoder and camera may use any native pixel format, but the device implementation MUST support conversion to YV12.)
• [C-0-4] MUST support the android.hardware.ImageFormat.YUV_420_888 and android.hardware.ImageFormat.JPEG formats as outputs through the android.media.ImageReader API for android.hardware.camera2 devices that advertise REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE capability in android.request.availableCapabilities .
• [C-0-5] MUST still implement the full Camera API included in the Android SDK documentation, regardless of whether the device includes hardware autofocus or other capabilities. For instance, cameras that lack autofocus MUST still call any registered android.hardware.Camera.AutoFocusCallback instances (even though this has no relevance to a non-autofocus camera.) Note that this does apply to front-facing cameras; for instance, even though most front-facing cameras do not support autofocus, the API callbacks must still be “faked” as described.
• [C-0-6] MUST recognize and honor each parameter name defined as a constant on the android.hardware.Camera.Parameters class. Conversely, device implementations MUST NOT honor or recognize string constants passed to the android.hardware.Camera.setParameters() method other than those documented as constants on the android.hardware.Camera.Parameters . That is, device implementations MUST support all standard Camera parameters if the hardware allows, and MUST NOT support custom Camera parameter types. For instance, device implementations that support image capture using high dynamic range (HDR) imaging techniques MUST support camera parameter Camera.SCENE_MODE_HDR .
• [C-0-7] MUST report the proper level of support with the android.info.supportedHardwareLevel property as described in the Android SDK and report the appropriate framework feature flags .
• [C-0-8] MUST also declare its individual camera capabilities of android.hardware.camera2 via the android.request.availableCapabilities property and declare the appropriate feature flags ; MUST define the feature flag if any of its attached camera devices supports the feature.
• [C-0-9] MUST broadcast the Camera.ACTION_NEW_PICTURE intent whenever a new picture is taken by the camera and the entry of the picture has been added to the media store.
• [C-0-10] MUST broadcast the Camera.ACTION_NEW_VIDEO intent whenever a new video is recorded by the camera and the entry of the picture has been added to the media store.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support a logical camera device that lists capability CameraMetadata.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA , for devices with multiple cameras facing the same direction, consisting of each physical camera facing that direction, as long as the physical camera type is supported by the framework and CameraCharacteristics.INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL for the physical cameras is either LIMITED , FULL , or LEVEL_3 .

7.5.5. اتجاه الكاميرا

If device implementations have a front- or a rear-facing camera, such camera(s):

• [C-1-1] MUST be oriented so that the long dimension of the camera aligns with the screen's long dimension. That is, when the device is held in the landscape orientation, cameras MUST capture images in the landscape orientation. This applies regardless of the device's natural orientation; that is, it applies to landscape-primary devices as well as portrait-primary devices.

7.6. الذاكرة والتخزين

7.6.1. الحد الأدنى من الذاكرة والتخزين

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST include a Download Manager that applications MAY use to download data files and they MUST be capable of downloading individual files of at least 100MB in size to the default “cache” location.

7.6.2. التخزين المشترك للتطبيق

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST offer storage to be shared by applications, also often referred as “shared external storage”, "application shared storage" or by the Linux path "/sdcard" it is mounted on.
• [C-0-2] MUST be configured with shared storage mounted by default, in other words “out of the box”, regardless of whether the storage is implemented on an internal storage component or a removable storage medium (eg Secure Digital card slot ).
• [C-0-3] MUST mount the application shared storage directly on the Linux path sdcard or include a Linux symbolic link from sdcard to the actual mount point.
• [C-0-4] MUST enforce the android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission on this shared storage as documented in the SDK. Shared storage MUST otherwise be writable by any application that obtains that permission.

Device implementations MAY meet the above requirements using either of the following:

• User-accessible removable storage, such as a Secure Digital (SD) card slot.
• A portion of the internal (non-removable) storage as implemented in the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).

If device implementations use removable storage to satisfy the above requirements, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement a toast or pop-up user interface warning the user when there is no storage medium inserted in the slot.
• [C-1-2] MUST include a FAT-formatted storage medium (eg SD card) or show on the box and other material available at time of purchase that the storage medium has to be purchased separately.

If device implementations use a portion of the non-removable storage to satisfy the above requirements, they:

• SHOULD use the AOSP implementation of the internal application shared storage.
• MAY share the storage space with the application private data.

If device implementations include multiple shared storage paths (such as both an SD card slot and shared internal storage), they:

• [C-2-1] MUST allow only preinstalled and privileged Android applications with the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission to write to the secondary external storage, except when writing to their package-specific directories or within the URI returned by firing the ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE intent.

If device implementations have a USB port with USB peripheral mode support, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST provide a mechanism to access the data on the application shared storage from a host computer.
• SHOULD expose content from both storage paths transparently through Android's media scanner service and android.provider.MediaStore .
• MAY use USB mass storage, but SHOULD use Media Transfer Protocol to satisfy this requirement.

If device implementations have a USB port with USB peripheral mode and support Media Transfer Protocol, they:

• SHOULD be compatible with the reference Android MTP host, Android File Transfer .
• SHOULD report a USB device class of 0x00.
• SHOULD report a USB interface name of 'MTP'.

7.6.3. تخزين قابل للتبني

If the device is expected to be mobile in nature unlike Television, device implementations are:

• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement the adoptable storage in a long-term stable location, since accidentally disconnecting them can cause data loss/corruption.

If the removable storage device port is in a long-term stable location, such as within the battery compartment or other protective cover, device implementations are:

• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement adoptable storage .

7.7. USB

If device implementations have a USB port, they:

• SHOULD support USB peripheral mode and SHOULD support USB host mode.

7.7.1. الوضع الطرفي USB

If device implementations include a USB port supporting peripheral mode:

• [C-1-1] The port MUST be connectable to a USB host that has a standard type-A or type-C USB port.
• [C-1-2] MUST report the correct value of iSerialNumber in USB standard device descriptor through android.os.Build.SERIAL .
• [C-1-3] MUST detect 1.5A and 3.0A chargers per the Type-C resistor standard and MUST detect changes in the advertisement if they support Type-C USB.
• [SR] The port SHOULD use micro-B, micro-AB or Type-C USB form factor. Existing and new Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet these requirements so they will be able to upgrade to the future platform releases.
• [SR] The port SHOULD be located on the bottom of the device (according to natural orientation) or enable software screen rotation for all apps (including home screen), so that the display draws correctly when the device is oriented with the port at bottom . Existing and new Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet these requirements so they will be able to upgrade to future platform releases.
• [SR] SHOULD implement support to draw 1.5 A current during HS chirp and traffic as specified in the USB Battery Charging specification, revision 1.2 . Existing and new Android devices are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to meet these requirements so they will be able to upgrade to the future platform releases.
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to not support proprietary charging methods that modify Vbus voltage beyond default levels, or alter sink/source roles as such may result in interoperability issues with the chargers or devices that support the standard USB Power Delivery methods. While this is called out as "STRONGLY RECOMMENDED", in future Android versions we might REQUIRE all type-C devices to support full interoperability with standard type-C chargers.
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support Power Delivery for data and power role swapping when they support Type-C USB and USB host mode.
• SHOULD support Power Delivery for high-voltage charging and support for Alternate Modes such as display out.
• SHOULD implement the Android Open Accessory (AOA) API and specification as documented in the Android SDK documentation.

If device implementations include a USB port and implement the AOA specification, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST declare support for the hardware feature android.hardware.usb.accessory .
• [C-2-2] The USB mass storage class MUST include the string "android" at the end of the interface description iInterface string of the USB mass storage
• SHOULD NOT implement AOAv2 audio documented in the Android Open Accessory Protocol 2.0 documentation. AOAv2 audio is deprecated as of Android version 8.0 (API level 26).

7.7.2. وضع مضيف USB

If device implementations include a USB port supporting host mode, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement the Android USB host API as documented in the Android SDK and MUST declare support for the hardware feature android.hardware.usb.host .
• [C-1-2] MUST implement support to connect standard USB peripherals, in other words, they MUST either:
  • Have an on-device type C port or ship with cable(s) adapting an on-device proprietary port to a standard USB type-C port (USB Type-C device).
  • Have an on-device type A or ship with cable(s) adapting an on-device proprietary port to a standard USB type-A port.
  • Have an on-device micro-AB port, which SHOULD ship with a cable adapting to a standard type-A port.
• [C-1-3] MUST NOT ship with an adapter converting from USB type A or micro-AB ports to a type-C port (receptacle).
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement the USB audio class as documented in the Android SDK documentation.
• SHOULD support charging the connected USB peripheral device while in host mode; advertising a source current of at least 1.5A as specified in the Termination Parameters section of the USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Revision 1.2 for USB Type-C connectors or using Charging Downstream Port(CDP) output current range as specified in the USB Battery Charging specifications, revision 1.2 for Micro-AB connectors.
• SHOULD implement and support USB Type-C standards.

If device implementations include a USB port supporting host mode and the USB audio class, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST support the USB HID class .
• [C-2-2] MUST support the detection and mapping of the following HID data fields specified in the USB HID Usage Tables and the Voice Command Usage Request to the KeyEvent constants as below:
  • Usage Page (0xC) Usage ID (0x0CD): KEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE
  • Usage Page (0xC) Usage ID (0x0E9): KEYCODE_VOLUME_UP
  • Usage Page (0xC) Usage ID (0x0EA): KEYCODE_VOLUME_DOWN
  • Usage Page (0xC) Usage ID (0x0CF): KEYCODE_VOICE_ASSIST

If device implementations include a USB port supporting host mode and the Storage Access Framework (SAF), they:

• [C-3-1] MUST recognize any remotely connected MTP (Media Transfer Protocol) devices and make their contents accessible through the ACTION_GET_CONTENT , ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT , and ACTION_CREATE_DOCUMENT intents. .

If device implementations include a USB port supporting host mode and USB Type-C, they:

• [C-4-1] MUST implement Dual Role Port functionality as defined by the USB Type-C specification (section 4.5.1.3.3).
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support DisplayPort, SHOULD support USB SuperSpeed Data Rates, and are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support Power Delivery for data and power role swapping.
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to NOT support Audio Adapter Accessory Mode as described in the Appendix A of the USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Revision 1.2 .
• SHOULD implement the Try.* model that is most appropriate for the device form factor. For example a handheld device SHOULD implement the Try.SNK model.

7.8. صوتي

7.8.1. ميكروفون

If device implementations include a microphone, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report the android.hardware.microphone feature constant.
• [C-1-2] MUST meet the audio recording requirements in section 5.4 .
• [C-1-3] MUST meet the audio latency requirements in section 5.6 .
• [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support near-ultrasound recording as described in section 7.8.3 .

If device implementations omit a microphone, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST NOT report the android.hardware.microphone feature constant.
• [C-2-2] MUST implement the audio recording API at least as no-ops, per section 7 .

7.8.2. مخرج الصوت

If device implementations include a speaker or an audio/multimedia output port for an audio output peripheral such as a 4 conductor 3.5mm audio jack or USB host mode port using USB audio class , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST report the android.hardware.audio.output feature constant.
• [C-1-2] MUST meet the audio playback requirements in section 5.5 .
• [C-1-3] MUST meet the audio latency requirements in section 5.6 .
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support near-ultrasound playback as described in section 7.8.3 .

If device implementations do not include a speaker or audio output port, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST NOT report the android.hardware.audio.output feature.
• [C-2-2] MUST implement the Audio Output related APIs as no-ops at least.

For the purposes of this section, an "output port" is a physical interface such as a 3.5mm audio jack, HDMI, or USB host mode port with USB audio class. Support for audio output over radio-based protocols such as Bluetooth, WiFi, or cellular network does not qualify as including an "output port".

7.8.2.1. منافذ الصوت التناظرية

In order to be compatible with the headsets and other audio accessories using the 3.5mm audio plug across the Android ecosystem, if device implementations include one or more analog audio ports, they:

• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to include at least one of the audio port(s) to be a 4 conductor 3.5mm audio jack.

If device implementations have a 4 conductor 3.5mm audio jack, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support audio playback to stereo headphones and stereo headsets with a microphone.
• [C-1-2] MUST support TRRS audio plugs with the CTIA pin-out order.
• [C-1-3] MUST support the detection and mapping to the keycodes for the following 3 ranges of equivalent impedance between the microphone and ground conductors on the audio plug:
  • 70 ohm or less : KEYCODE_HEADSETHOOK
  • 210-290 ohm : KEYCODE_VOLUME_UP
  • 360-680 ohm : KEYCODE_VOLUME_DOWN
• [C-1-4] MUST trigger ACTION_HEADSET_PLUG upon a plug insert, but only after all contacts on plug are touching their relevant segments on the jack.
• [C-1-5] MUST be capable of driving at least 150mV ± 10% of output voltage on a 32 ohm speaker impedance.
• [C-1-6] MUST have a microphone bias voltage between 1.8V ~ 2.9V.
• [C-1-7] MUST detect and map to the keycode for the following range of equivalent impedance between the microphone and ground conductors on the audio plug:
  • 110-180 ohm: KEYCODE_VOICE_ASSIST
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support audio plugs with the OMTP pin-out order.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMEND to support audio recording from stereo headsets with a microphone.

If device implementations have a 4 conductor 3.5mm audio jack and support a microphone, and broadcast the android.intent.action.HEADSET_PLUG with the extra value microphone set as 1, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST support the detection of microphone on the plugged in audio accessory.

7.8.3. بالقرب من الموجات فوق الصوتية

Near-Ultrasound audio is the 18.5 kHz to 20 kHz band.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• MUST correctly report the support of near-ultrasound audio capability via the AudioManager.getProperty API as follows:

If PROPERTY_SUPPORT_MIC_NEAR_ULTRASOUND is "true", the following requirements MUST be met by the VOICE_RECOGNITION and UNPROCESSED audio sources:

• [C-1-1] The microphone's mean power response in the 18.5 kHz to 20 kHz band MUST be no more than 15 dB below the response at 2 kHz.
• [C-1-2] The microphone's unweighted signal to noise ratio over 18.5 kHz to 20 kHz for a 19 kHz tone at -26 dBFS MUST be no lower than 50 dB.

If PROPERTY_SUPPORT_SPEAKER_NEAR_ULTRASOUND is "true":

• [C-2-1] The speaker's mean response in 18.5 kHz - 20 kHz MUST be no lower than 40 dB below the response at 2 kHz.

7.9. الواقع الافتراضي

Android includes APIs and facilities to build "Virtual Reality" (VR) applications including high quality mobile VR experiences. Device implementations MUST properly implement these APIs and behaviors, as detailed in this section.

7.9.1. وضع الواقع الافتراضي

Android includes support for VR Mode , a feature which handles stereoscopic rendering of notifications and disables monocular system UI components while a VR application has user focus.

7.9.2. Virtual Reality Mode - High Performance

If device implementations support VR mode, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST have at least 2 physical cores.
• [C-1-2] MUST declare the android.hardware.vr.high_performance feature.
• [C-1-3] MUST support sustained performance mode.
• [C-1-4] MUST support OpenGL ES 3.2.
• [C-1-5] MUST support android.hardware.vulkan.level 0.
• SHOULD support android.hardware.vulkan.level 1 or higher.
• [C-1-6] MUST implement EGL_KHR_mutable_render_buffer , EGL_ANDROID_front_buffer_auto_refresh , EGL_ANDROID_get_native_client_buffer , EGL_KHR_fence_sync , EGL_KHR_wait_sync , EGL_IMG_context_priority , EGL_EXT_protected_content , EGL_EXT_image_gl_colorspace , and expose the extensions in the list of available EGL extensions.
• [C-1-8] MUST implement GL_EXT_multisampled_render_to_texture2 , GL_OVR_multiview , GL_OVR_multiview2 , GL_OVR_multiview_multisampled_render_to_texture , GL_EXT_protected_textures , and expose the extensions in the list of available GL extensions.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement GL_EXT_external_buffer , GL_EXT_EGL_image_array , and expose the extensions in the list of available GL extensions.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support Vulkan 1.1.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement VK_ANDROID_external_memory_android_hardware_buffer , VK_GOOGLE_display_timing , VK_KHR_shared_presentable_image , and expose it in the list of available Vulkan extensions.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to expose at least one Vulkan queue family where flags contain both VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT and VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT , and queueCount is at least 2.
• [C-1-7] The GPU and display MUST be able to synchronize access to the shared front buffer such that alternating-eye rendering of VR content at 60fps with two render contexts will be displayed with no visible tearing artifacts.
• [C-1-9] MUST implement support for AHardwareBuffer flags AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_GPU_DATA_BUFFER , AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_SENSOR_DIRECT_DATA and AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_PROTECTED_CONTENT as described in the NDK.
• [C-1-10] MUST implement support for AHardwareBuffer s with any combination of the usage flags AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_GPU_COLOR_OUTPUT , AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_GPU_SAMPLED_IMAGE , AHARDWAREBUFFER_USAGE_PROTECTED_CONTENT for at least the following formats: AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM , AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM , AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM , AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT .
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support the allocation of AHardwareBuffer s with more than one layer and flags and formats specified in C-1-10.
• [C-1-11] MUST support H.264 decoding at least 3840 x 2160 at 30fps, compressed to an average of 40Mbps (equivalent to 4 instances of 1920 x1080 at 30 fps-10 Mbps or 2 instances of 1920 x 1080 at 60 fps-20 Mbps).
• [C-1-12] MUST support HEVC and VP9, MUST be capable of decoding at least 1920 x 1080 at 30 fps compressed to an average of 10 Mbps and SHOULD be capable of decoding 3840 x 2160 at 30 fps-20 Mbps (equivalent to 4 instances of 1920 x 1080 at 30 fps-5 Mbps).
• [C-1-13] MUST support HardwarePropertiesManager.getDeviceTemperatures API and return accurate values for skin temperature.
• [C-1-14] MUST have an embedded screen, and its resolution MUST be at least 1920 x 1080.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have a display resolution of at least 2560 x 1440.
• [C-1-15] The display MUST update at least 60 Hz while in VR Mode.
• [C-1-17] The display MUST support a low-persistence mode with ≤ 5 milliseconds persistence, persistence being defined as the amount of time for which a pixel is emitting light.
• [C-1-18] MUST support Bluetooth 4.2 and Bluetooth LE Data Length Extension section 7.4.3 .
• [C-1-19] MUST support and properly report Direct Channel Type for all of the following default sensor types:
  • TYPE_ACCELEROMETER
  • TYPE_ACCELEROMETER_UNCALIBRATED
  • TYPE_GYROSCOPE
  • TYPE_GYROSCOPE_UNCALIBRATED
  • TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD
  • TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD_UNCALIBRATED
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support the TYPE_HARDWARE_BUFFER direct channel type for all Direct Channel Types listed above.
• [C-1-21] MUST meet the gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer related requirements for android.hardware.hifi_sensors , as specified in section 7.3.9 .
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support the android.hardware.sensor.hifi_sensors feature.
• [C-1-22] MUST have end-to-end motion to photon latency not higher than 28 milliseconds.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have end-to-end motion to photon latency not higher than 20 milliseconds.
• [C-1-23] MUST have first-frame ratio, which is the ratio between the brightness of pixels on the first frame after a transition from black to white and the brightness of white pixels in steady state, of at least 85%.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have first-frame ratio of at least 90%.
• MAY provide an exclusive core to the foreground application and MAY support the Process.getExclusiveCores API to return the numbers of the cpu cores that are exclusive to the top foreground application.

If exclusive core is supported, then the core:

• [C-2-1] MUST not allow any other userspace processes to run on it (except device drivers used by the application), but MAY allow some kernel processes to run as necessary.

8. الأداء والقوة

Some minimum performance and power criteria are critical to the user experience and impact the baseline assumptions developers would have when developing an app.

8.1. اتساق تجربة المستخدم

A smooth user interface can be provided to the end user if there are certain minimum requirements to ensure a consistent frame rate and response times for applications and games. Device implementations, depending on the device type, MAY have measurable requirements for the user interface latency and task switching as described in section 2 .

8.2. أداء الوصول إلى الإدخال/الإخراج للملفات

Providing a common baseline for a consistent file access performance on the application private data storage ( /data partition) allows app developers to set a proper expectation that would help their software design. Device implementations, depending on the device type, MAY have certain requirements described in section 2 for the following read and write operations:

• Sequential write performance . Measured by writing a 256MB file using 10MB write buffer.
• Random write performance . Measured by writing a 256MB file using 4KB write buffer.
• Sequential read performance . Measured by reading a 256MB file using 10MB write buffer.
• Random read performance . Measured by reading a 256MB file using 4KB write buffer.

8.3. أوضاع توفير الطاقة

If device implementations include features to improve device power management that are included in AOSP or extend the features that are included in AOSP, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST NOT deviate from the AOSP implementation for the triggering, maintenance, wakeup algorithms and the use of global system settings of App Standby and Doze power-saving modes.
• [C-1-2] MUST NOT deviate from the AOSP implementation for the use of global settings to manage the throttling of jobs, alarm and network for apps in each bucket for App standby.
• [C-1-3] MUST NOT deviate from the AOSP implementation for the number of the App Standby Buckets used for App Standby.
• [C-1-4] MUST implement App Standby Buckets and Doze as described in Power Management .
• [C-1-5] MUST return true for PowerManager.isPowerSaveMode() when the device is on power save mode.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide user affordance to enable and disable the battery saver feature.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide user affordance to display all Apps that are exempted from App Standby and Doze power-saving modes.

In addition to the power-saving modes, Android device implementations MAY implement any or all of the 4 sleeping power states as defined by the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI).

If device implementations implement S4 power states as defined by the ACPI, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST enter this state only after the user has taken an explicit action to put the device in an inactive state (eg by closing a lid that is physically part of the device or turning off a vehicle or television) and before the user re-activates the device (eg by opening the lid or turning the vehicle or television back on).

If device implementations implement S3 power states as defined by the ACPI, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST meet C-1-1 above, or, MUST enter S3 state only when third-party applications do not need the system resources (eg the screen, CPU).

  Conversely, MUST exit from S3 state when third-party applications need the system resources, as described on this SDK.

  For example, while the third party applications request to keep the screen on through FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON or keep CPU running through PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK , the device MUST NOT enter S3 state unless, as described in C-1-1, the user has taken explicit action to put the device in an inactive state. Conversely, at a time when a task that third party apps implement through JobScheduler is triggered or Firebase Cloud Messaging is delivered to third party apps, the device MUST exit the S3 state unless the user has put the device in an inactive state. These are not comprehensive examples and AOSP implements extensive wake-up signals that trigger a wakeup from this state.

8.4. محاسبة استهلاك الطاقة

A more accurate accounting and reporting of the power consumption provides the app developer both the incentives and the tools to optimize the power usage pattern of the application.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide a per-component power profile that defines the current consumption value for each hardware component and the approximate battery drain caused by the components over time as documented in the Android Open Source Project site.
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to report all power consumption values in milliampere hours (mAh).
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to report CPU power consumption per each process's UID. The Android Open Source Project meets the requirement through the uid_cputime kernel module implementation.
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to make this power usage available via the adb shell dumpsys batterystats shell command to the app developer.
• SHOULD be attributed to the hardware component itself if unable to attribute hardware component power usage to an application.

8.5. أداء ثابت

Performance can fluctuate dramatically for high-performance long-running apps, either because of the other apps running in the background or the CPU throttling due to temperature limits. Android includes programmatic interfaces so that when the device is capable, the top foreground application can request that the system optimize the allocation of the resources to address such fluctuations.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST report the support of Sustained Performance Mode accurately through the PowerManager.isSustainedPerformanceModeSupported() API method.

• SHOULD support Sustained Performance Mode.

If device implementations report support of Sustained Performance Mode, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST provide the top foreground application a consistent level of performance for at least 30 minutes, when the app requests it.
• [C-1-2] MUST honor the Window.setSustainedPerformanceMode() API and other related APIs.

If device implementations include two or more CPU cores, they:

• SHOULD provide at least one exclusive core that can be reserved by the top foreground application.

If device implementations support reserving one exclusive core for the top foreground application, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST report through the Process.getExclusiveCores() API method the ID numbers of the exclusive cores that can be reserved by the top foreground application.
• [C-2-2] MUST not allow any user space processes except the device drivers used by the application to run on the exclusive cores, but MAY allow some kernel processes to run as necessary.

If device implementations do not support an exclusive core, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST return an empty list through the Process.getExclusiveCores() API method.

9. توافق نموذج الأمان

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST implement a security model consistent with the Android platform security model as defined in Security and Permissions reference document in the APIs in the Android developer documentation.

• [C-0-2] MUST support installation of self-signed applications without requiring any additional permissions/certificates from any third parties/authorities. Specifically, compatible devices MUST support the security mechanisms described in the follow subsections.

9.1. الأذونات

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST support the Android permissions model as defined in the Android developer documentation. Specifically, they MUST enforce each permission defined as described in the SDK documentation; no permissions may be omitted, altered, or ignored.

• MAY add additional permissions, provided the new permission ID strings are not in the android.\* namespace.

• [C-0-2] Permissions with a protectionLevel of PROTECTION_FLAG_PRIVILEGED MUST only be granted to apps preinstalled in the privileged path(s) of the system image and within the subset of the explicitly allowlisted permissions for each app. The AOSP implementation meets this requirement by reading and honoring the allowlisted permissions for each app from the files in the etc/permissions/ path and using the system/priv-app path as the privileged path.

Permissions with a protection level of dangerous are runtime permissions. Applications with targetSdkVersion > 22 request them at runtime.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-3] MUST show a dedicated interface for the user to decide whether to grant the requested runtime permissions and also provide an interface for the user to manage runtime permissions.
• [C-0-4] MUST have one and only one implementation of both user interfaces.
• [C-0-5] MUST NOT grant any runtime permissions to preinstalled apps unless:
  • The user's consent can be obtained before the application uses it.
  • The runtime permissions are associated with an intent pattern for which the preinstalled application is set as the default handler.
• [C-0-6] MUST grant the android.permission.RECOVER_KEYSTORE permission only to system apps that register a properly secured Recovery Agent. A properly secured Recovery Agent is defined as an on-device software agent that synchronizes with an off-device remote storage, that is equipped with secure hardware with protection equivalent or stronger than what is described in Google Cloud Key Vault Service to prevent brute-force attacks on the lockscreen knowledge factor.

If device implementations include a preinstalled app or wish to allow third-party apps to access the usage statistics, they:

• [SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED provide user-accessible mechanism to grant or revoke access to the usage stats in response to the android.settings.ACTION_USAGE_ACCESS_SETTINGS intent for apps that declare the android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS permission.

If device implementations intend to disallow any apps, including preinstalled apps, from accessing the usage statistics, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST still have an activity that handles the android.settings.ACTION_USAGE_ACCESS_SETTINGS intent pattern but MUST implement it as a no-op, that is to have an equivalent behavior as when the user is declined for access.

9.2. UID وعزل العملية

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST support the Android application sandbox model, in which each application runs as a unique Unixstyle UID and in a separate process.
• [C-0-2] MUST support running multiple applications as the same Linux user ID, provided that the applications are properly signed and constructed, as defined in the Security and Permissions reference .

9.3. أذونات نظام الملفات

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST support the Android file access permissions model as defined in the Security and Permissions reference .

9.4. بيئات التنفيذ البديلة

Device implementations MUST keep consistency of the Android security and permission model, even if they include runtime environments that execute applications using some other software or technology than the Dalvik Executable Format or native code. بعبارة أخرى:

• [C-0-1] Alternate runtimes MUST themselves be Android applications, and abide by the standard Android security model, as described elsewhere in section 9 .

• [C-0-2] Alternate runtimes MUST NOT be granted access to resources protected by permissions not requested in the runtime's AndroidManifest.xml file via the < uses-permission > mechanism.

• [C-0-3] Alternate runtimes MUST NOT permit applications to make use of features protected by Android permissions restricted to system applications.

• [C-0-4] Alternate runtimes MUST abide by the Android sandbox model and installed applications using an alternate runtime MUST NOT reuse the sandbox of any other app installed on the device, except through the standard Android mechanisms of shared user ID and signing certificate .

• [C-0-5] Alternate runtimes MUST NOT launch with, grant, or be granted access to the sandboxes corresponding to other Android applications.

• [C-0-6] Alternate runtimes MUST NOT be launched with, be granted, or grant to other applications any privileges of the superuser (root), or of any other user ID.

• [C-0-7] When the .apk files of alternate runtimes are included in the system image of device implementations, it MUST be signed with a key distinct from the key used to sign other applications included with the device implementations.

• [C-0-8] When installing applications, alternate runtimes MUST obtain user consent for the Android permissions used by the application.

• [C-0-9] When an application needs to make use of a device resource for which there is a corresponding Android permission (such as Camera, GPS, etc.), the alternate runtime MUST inform the user that the application will be able to access that resource.

• [C-0-10] When the runtime environment does not record application capabilities in this manner, the runtime environment MUST list all permissions held by the runtime itself when installing any application using that runtime.

• Alternate runtimes SHOULD install apps via the PackageManager into separate Android sandboxes (Linux user IDs, etc.).

• Alternate runtimes MAY provide a single Android sandbox shared by all applications using the alternate runtime.

9.5. دعم متعدد المستخدمين

Android includes support for multiple users and provides support for full user isolation.

• Device implementations MAY but SHOULD NOT enable multi-user if they use removable media for primary external storage.

If device implementations include multiple users, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST meet the following requirements related to multi-user support .
• [C-1-2] MUST, for each user, implement a security model consistent with the Android platform security model as defined in Security and Permissions reference document in the APIs.
• [C-1-3] MUST have separate and isolated shared application storage (aka /sdcard ) directories for each user instance.
• [C-1-4] MUST ensure that applications owned by and running on behalf a given user cannot list, read, or write to the files owned by any other user, even if the data of both users are stored on the same volume or نظام الملفات.
• [C-1-5] MUST encrypt the contents of the SD card when multiuser is enabled using a key stored only on non-removable media accessible only to the system if device implementations use removable media for the external storage APIs. As this will make the media unreadable by a host PC, device implementations will be required to switch to MTP or a similar system to provide host PCs with access to the current user's data.

If device implementations include multiple users and do not declare the android.hardware.telephony feature flag, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST support restricted profiles, a feature that allows device owners to manage additional users and their capabilities on the device. With restricted profiles, device owners can quickly set up separate environments for additional users to work in, with the ability to manage finer-grained restrictions in the apps that are available in those environments.

If device implementations include multiple users and declare the android.hardware.telephony feature flag, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST NOT support restricted profiles but MUST align with the AOSP implementation of controls to enable /disable other users from accessing the voice calls and SMS.

9.6. تحذير الرسائل القصيرة المميزة

Android includes support for warning users of any outgoing premium SMS message . Premium SMS messages are text messages sent to a service registered with a carrier that may incur a charge to the user.

If device implementations declare support for android.hardware.telephony , they:

• [C-1-1] MUST warn users before sending a SMS message to numbers identified by regular expressions defined in /data/misc/sms/codes.xml file in the device. The upstream Android Open Source Project provides an implementation that satisfies this requirement.

9.7. Security Features

Device implementations MUST ensure compliance with security features in both the kernel and platform as described below.

The Android Sandbox includes features that use the Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) mandatory access control (MAC) system, seccomp sandboxing, and other security features in the Linux kernel. تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST maintain compatibility with existing applications, even when SELinux or any other security features are implemented below the Android framework.
• [C-0-2] MUST NOT have a visible user interface when a security violation is detected and successfully blocked by the security feature implemented below the Android framework, but MAY have a visible user interface when an unblocked security violation occurs resulting in a successful يستغل.
• [C-0-3] MUST NOT make SELinux or any other security features implemented below the Android framework configurable to the user or app developer.
• [C-0-4] MUST NOT allow an application that can affect another application through an API (such as a Device Administration API) to configure a policy that breaks compatibility.
• [C-0-5] MUST split the media framework into multiple processes so that it is possible to more narrowly grant access for each process as described in the Android Open Source Project site.
• [C-0-6] MUST implement a kernel application sandboxing mechanism which allows filtering of system calls using a configurable policy from multithreaded programs. The upstream Android Open Source Project meets this requirement through enabling the seccomp-BPF with threadgroup synchronization (TSYNC) as described in the Kernel Configuration section of source.android.com .

Kernel integrity and self-protection features are integral to Android security. تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-7] MUST implement kernel stack buffer overflow protections (eg CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG ).
• [C-0-8] MUST implement strict kernel memory protections where executable code is read-only, read-only data is non-executable and non-writable, and writable data is non-executable (eg CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA or CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX ).
• [C-0-9] MUST implement static and dynamic object size bounds checking of copies between user-space and kernel-space (eg CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY ) on devices originally shipping with API level 28 or higher.
• [C-0-10] MUST NOT execute user-space memory when executing in the kernel mode (eg hardware PXN, or emulated via CONFIG_CPU_SW_DOMAIN_PAN or CONFIG_ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN ) on devices originally shipping with API level 28 or higher.
• [C-0-11] MUST NOT read or write user-space memory in the kernel outside of normal usercopy access APIs (eg hardware PAN, or emulated via CONFIG_CPU_SW_DOMAIN_PAN or CONFIG_ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN ) on devices originally shipping with API level 28 or higher.
• [C-0-12] MUST implement kernel page table isolation on all devices originally shipping with API level 28 or higher (eg CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION or `CONFIG_UNMAP_KERNEL_AT_EL0).
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to keep kernel data which is written only during initialization marked read-only after initialization (eg __ro_after_init ).
• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to randomize the layout of the kernel code and memory, and to avoid exposures that would compromise the randomization (eg CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE with bootloader entropy via the /chosen/kaslr-seed Device Tree node or EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL ).

If device implementations use a Linux kernel, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST implement SELinux.
• [C-1-2] MUST set SELinux to global enforcing mode.
• [C-1-3] MUST configure all domains in enforcing mode. No permissive mode domains are allowed, including domains specific to a device/vendor.
• [C-1-4] MUST NOT modify, omit, or replace the neverallow rules present within the system/sepolicy folder provided in the upstream Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and the policy MUST compile with all neverallow rules present, for both AOSP SELinux domains as well as device/vendor specific domains.
• [C-1-5] MUST run third-party applications targeting API level 28 or higher in per-application SELinux sandboxes with per-app SELinux restrictions on each application's private data directory.
• SHOULD retain the default SELinux policy provided in the system/sepolicy folder of the upstream Android Open Source Project and only further add to this policy for their own device-specific configuration.

If device implementations use kernel other than Linux, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST use a mandatory access control system that is equivalent to SELinux.

Android contains multiple defense-in-depth features that are integral to device security.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED not to disable Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) or Integer Overflow Sanitization (IntSan) on components that have it enabled.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to enable both CFI and IntSan for any additional security-sensitive userspace components as explained in CFI and IntSan .

9.8. خصوصية

9.8.1. تاريخ الاستخدام

Android stores the history of the user's choices and manages such history by UsageStatsManager .

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST keep a reasonable retention period of such user history.
• [SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to keep the 14 days retention period as configured by default in the AOSP implementation.

Android stores the system events using the StatsLog identifiers, and manages such history via the StatsManager and the IncidentManager System API.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-2] MUST only include the fields marked with DEST_AUTOMATIC in the incident report created by the System API class IncidentManager .
• [C-0-3] MUST not use the system event identifiers to log any other event than what is described in the StatsLog SDK documents. If additional system events are logged, they MAY use a different atom identifier in the range between 100,000 and 200,000.

9.8.2. تسجيل

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST NOT preload or distribute software components out-of-box that send the user's private information (eg keystrokes, text displayed on the screen) off the device without the user's consent or clear ongoing notifications.

If device implementations include functionality in the system that captures the contents displayed on the screen and/or records the audio stream played on the device, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST have an ongoing notification to the user whenever this functionality is enabled and actively capturing/recording.

If device implementations include a component enabled out-of-box, capable of recording ambient audio to infer useful information about user's context, they:

• [C-2-1] MUST NOT store in persistent on-device storage or transmit off the device the recorded raw audio or any format that can be converted back into the original audio or a near facsimile, except with explicit user consent.

9.8.3. الاتصال

If device implementations have a USB port with USB peripheral mode support, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST present a user interface asking for the user's consent before allowing access to the contents of the shared storage over the USB port.

9.8.4. ازدحام انترنت

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST preinstall the same root certificates for the system-trusted Certificate Authority (CA) store as provided in the upstream Android Open Source Project.
• [C-0-2] MUST ship with an empty user root CA store.
• [C-0-3] MUST display a warning to the user indicating the network traffic may be monitored, when a user root CA is added.

If device traffic is routed through a VPN, device implementations:

• [C-1-1] MUST display a warning to the user indicating either:
  • That network traffic may be monitored.
  • That network traffic is being routed through the specific VPN application providing the VPN.

If device implementations have a mechanism, enabled out-of-box by default, that routes network data traffic through a proxy server or VPN gateway (for example, preloading a VPN service with android.permission.CONTROL_VPN granted), they:

• [C-2-1] MUST ask for the user's consent before enabling that mechanism, unless that VPN is enabled by the Device Policy Controller via the DevicePolicyManager.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage() , in which case the user does not need to provide a separate consent, but MUST only be notified.

If device implementations implement a user affordance to toggle on the "always-on VPN" function of a 3rd-party VPN app, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST disable this user affordance for apps that do not support always-on VPN service in the AndroidManifest.xml file via setting the SERVICE_META_DATA_SUPPORTS_ALWAYS_ON attribute to false .

9.9. تشفير تخزين البيانات

If Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) crypto performance, measured with the most performant AES technology available on the device (eg the ARM Cryptography Extensions), is above 50 MiB/sec, device implementations:

• [C-1-1] MUST support data storage encryption of the application private data ( /data partition), as well as the application shared storage partition ( /sdcard partition) if it is a permanent, non-removable part of the device, except for device implementations that are typically shared (eg Television).
• [C-1-2] MUST enable the data storage encryption by default at the time the user has completed the out-of-box setup experience, except for device implementations that are typically shared (eg Television).

If the AES crypto performance is at or below 50 MiB/sec, device implementations MAY use Adiantum-XChaCha12-AES instead of the form of AES listed in any of the following: AES-256-XTS in Section 9.9.2 [C-1-5]; AES-256 in CBS-CTS mode in Section 9.9.2 [C-1-6]; AES in Section 9.9.3 [C-1-1]; AES in Section 9.9.3 [C-1-3].

If device implementations are already launched on an earlier Android version and cannot meet the requirement through a system software update, they MAY be exempted from the above requirements.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• SHOULD meet the above data storage encryption requirement via implementing File Based Encryption (FBE).

9.9.1. التمهيد المباشر

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST implement the Direct Boot mode APIs even if they do not support Storage Encryption.

• [C-0-2] The ACTION_LOCKED_BOOT_COMPLETED and ACTION_USER_UNLOCKED Intents MUST still be broadcast to signal Direct Boot aware applications that Device Encrypted (DE) and Credential Encrypted (CE) storage locations are available for user.

9.9.2. التشفير القائم على الملفات

If device implementations support FBE, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST boot up without challenging the user for credentials and allow Direct Boot aware apps to access to the Device Encrypted (DE) storage after the ACTION_LOCKED_BOOT_COMPLETED message is broadcasted.
• [C-1-2] MUST only allow access to Credential Encrypted (CE) storage after the user has unlocked the device by supplying their credentials (eg. passcode, pin, pattern or fingerprint) and the ACTION_USER_UNLOCKED message is broadcasted.
• [C-1-3] MUST NOT offer any method to unlock the CE protected storage without either the user-supplied credentials or a registered escrow key.
• [C-1-4] MUST support Verified Boot and ensure that DE keys are cryptographically bound to the device's hardware root of trust.
• [C-1-5] MUST support encrypting file contents using AES-256-XTS. AES-256-XTS refers to the Advanced Encryption Standard with a 256-bit key length, operated in XTS mode. The full length of the XTS key is 512 bits.

• [C-1-6] MUST support encrypting file names using AES-256 in CBC-CTS mode.

• The keys protecting CE and DE storage areas:

• [C-1-7] MUST be cryptographically bound to a hardware-backed Keystore.

• [C-1-8] CE keys MUST be bound to a user's lock screen credentials.
• [C-1-9] CE keys MUST be bound to a default passcode when the user has not specified lock screen credentials.

• [C-1-10] MUST be unique and distinct, in other words no user's CE or DE key matches any other user's CE or DE keys.

• [C-1-11] MUST use the mandatorily supported ciphers, key lengths and modes by default.

• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to encrypt file system metadata, such as file sizes, ownership, modes, and Extended attributes (xattrs), with a key cryptographically bound to the device's hardware root of trust.

• SHOULD make preinstalled essential apps (eg Alarm, Phone, Messenger) Direct Boot aware.

• MAY support alternative ciphers, key lengths and modes for file content and file name encryption.

The upstream Android Open Source project provides a preferred implementation of this feature based on the Linux kernel ext4 encryption feature.

9.9.3. تشفير القرص بالكامل

If device implementations support full disk encryption (FDE), they:

• [C-1-1] MUST use AES in a mode designed for storage (for example, XTS or CBC-ESSIV), and with a cipher key length of 128 bits or greater.
• [C-1-2] MUST use a default passcode to wrap the encryption key and MUST NOT write the encryption key to storage at any time without being encrypted.
• [C-1-3] MUST AES encrypt the encryption key by default unless the user explicitly opts out, except when it is in active use, with the lock screen credentials stretched using a slow stretching algorithm (eg PBKDF2 or scrypt).
• [C-1-4] The above default password stretching algorithm MUST be cryptographically bound to that keystore when the user has not specified a lock screen credentials or has disabled use of the passcode for encryption and the device provides a hardware-backed keystore.
• [C-1-5] MUST NOT send encryption key off the device (even when wrapped with the user passcode and/or hardware bound key).

The upstream Android Open Source project provides a preferred implementation of this feature, based on the Linux kernel feature dm-crypt.

9.10. سلامة الجهاز

The following requirements ensures there is transparency to the status of the device integrity. تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST correctly report through the System API method PersistentDataBlockManager.getFlashLockState() whether their bootloader state permits flashing of the system image. The FLASH_LOCK_UNKNOWN state is reserved for device implementations upgrading from an earlier version of Android where this new system API method did not exist.

• [C-0-2] MUST support Verified Boot for device integrity.

If device implementations are already launched without supporting Verified Boot on an earlier version of Android and can not add support for this feature with a system software update, they MAY be exempted from the requirement.

Verified Boot is a feature that guarantees the integrity of the device software. If device implementations support the feature, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare the platform feature flag android.software.verified_boot .
• [C-1-2] MUST perform verification on every boot sequence.
• [C-1-3] MUST start verification from an immutable hardware key that is the root of trust and go all the way up to the system partition.
• [C-1-4] MUST implement each stage of verification to check the integrity and authenticity of all the bytes in the next stage before executing the code in the next stage.
• [C-1-5] MUST use verification algorithms as strong as current recommendations from NIST for hashing algorithms (SHA-256) and public key sizes (RSA-2048).
• [C-1-6] MUST NOT allow boot to complete when system verification fails, unless the user consents to attempt booting anyway, in which case the data from any non-verified storage blocks MUST not be used.
• [C-1-7] MUST NOT allow verified partitions on the device to be modified unless the user has explicitly unlocked the bootloader.
• [C-SR] If there are multiple discrete chips in the device (eg radio, specialized image processor), the boot process of each of those chips is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to verify every stage upon booting.
• [C-1-8] MUST use tamper-evident storage: for storing whether the bootloader is unlocked. Tamper-evident storage means that the boot loader can detect if the storage has been tampered with from inside Android.
• [C-1-9] MUST prompt the user, while using the device, and require physical confirmation before allowing a transition from boot loader locked mode to boot loader unlocked mode.
• [C-1-10] MUST implement rollback protection for partitions used by Android (eg boot, system partitions) and use tamper-evident storage for storing the metadata used for determining the minimum allowable OS version.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to verify all privileged app APK files with a chain of trust rooted in /system , which is protected by Verified Boot.
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to verify any executable artifacts loaded by a privileged app from outside its APK file (such as dynamically loaded code or compiled code) before executing them or STRONGLY RECOMMENDED not to execute them at all.
• SHOULD implement rollback protection for any component with persistent firmware (eg modem, camera) and SHOULD use tamper-evident storage for storing the metadata used for determining the minimum allowable version.

If device implementations are already launched without supporting C-1-8 through C-1-10 on an earlier version of Android and can not add support for these requirements with a system software update, they MAY be exempted from the requirements.

The upstream Android Open Source Project provides a preferred implementation of this feature in the external/avb/ repository, which can be integrated into the boot loader used for loading Android.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [CR] Are RECOMMENDED to support the Android Protected Confirmation API .

If device implementations support the Android Protected Confirmation API they:

• [C-3-1] MUST report true for the ConfirmationPrompt.isSupported() API.
• [C-3-2] MUST ensure that secure hardware takes full control of display in such a way that Android OS cannot block it without detection by the secure hardware.
• [C-3-3] MUST ensure that secure hardware takes full control of the touch screen.

9.11. المفاتيح وبيانات الاعتماد

The Android Keystore System allows app developers to store cryptographic keys in a container and use them in cryptographic operations through the KeyChain API or the Keystore API . تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST allow at least 8,192 keys to be imported or generated.
• [C-0-2] The lock screen authentication MUST rate-limit attempts and MUST have an exponential backoff algorithm. Beyond 150 failed attempts, the delay MUST be at least 24 hours per attempt.
• SHOULD not limit the number of keys that can be generated

When the device implementation supports a secure lock screen, it:

• [C-1-1] MUST back up the keystore implementation with an isolated execution environment.
• [C-1-2] MUST have implementations of RSA, AES, ECDSA and HMAC cryptographic algorithms and MD5, SHA1, and SHA-2 family hash functions to properly support the Android Keystore system's supported algorithms in an area that is securely isolated from the code running on the kernel and above. Secure isolation MUST block all potential mechanisms by which kernel or userspace code might access the internal state of the isolated environment, including DMA. The upstream Android Open Source Project (AOSP) meets this requirement by using the Trusty implementation, but another ARM TrustZone-based solution or a third-party reviewed secure implementation of a proper hypervisor-based isolation are alternative options.
• [C-1-3] MUST perform the lock screen authentication in the isolated execution environment and only when successful, allow the authentication-bound keys to be used. Lock screen credentials MUST be stored in a way that allows only the isolated execution environment to perform lock screen authentication. The upstream Android Open Source Project provides the Gatekeeper Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) and Trusty, which can be used to satisfy this requirement.
• [C-1-4] MUST support key attestation where the attestation signing key is protected by secure hardware and signing is performed in secure hardware. The attestation signing keys MUST be shared across large enough number of devices to prevent the keys from being used as device identifiers. One way of meeting this requirement is to share the same attestation key unless at least 100,000 units of a given SKU are produced. If more than 100,000 units of an SKU are produced, a different key MAY be used for each 100,000 units.
• [C-1-5] MUST allow the user to choose the Sleep timeout for transition from the unlocked to the locked state, with a minimum allowable timeout up to 15 seconds.

Note that if a device implementation is already launched on an earlier Android version, such a device is exempted from the requirement to have a keystore backed by an isolated execution environment and support the key attestation, unless it declares the android.hardware.fingerprint feature which requires a keystore backed by an isolated execution environment.

9.11.1. شاشة القفل الآمنة

The AOSP implementation follows a tiered authentication model where a knowledge-factory based primary authentication can be backed by either a secondary strong biometric, or by weaker tertiary modalities.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to set only one of the following as the primary authentication method:
  • A numerical PIN
  • An alphanumerical password
  • A swipe pattern on a grid of exactly 3x3 dots

Note that the above authentication methods are referred as the recommended primary authentication methods in this document.

If device implementations add or modify the recommended primary authentication methods and use a new authentication method as a secure way to lock the screen, the new authentication method:

• [C-2-1] MUST be the user authentication method as described in Requiring User Authentication For Key Use .
• [C-2-2] MUST unlock all keys for a third-party developer app to use when the user unlocks the secure lock screen. For example, all keys MUST be available for a third-party developer app through relevant APIs, such as createConfirmDeviceCredentialIntent and setUserAuthenticationRequired .

If device implementations add or modify the authentication methods to unlock the lock screen if based on a known secret and use a new authentication method to be treated as a secure way to lock the screen:

• [C-3-1] The entropy of the shortest allowed length of inputs MUST be greater than 10 bits.
• [C-3-2] The maximum entropy of all possible inputs MUST be greater than 18 bits.
• [C-3-3] The new authentication method MUST NOT replace any of the recommended primary authentication methods (ie PIN, pattern, password) implemented and provided in AOSP.
• [C-3-4] The new authentication method MUST be disabled when the Device Policy Controller (DPC) application has set the password quality policy via the DevicePolicyManager.setPasswordQuality() method with a more restrictive quality constant than PASSWORD_QUALITY_SOMETHING .

If device implementations add or modify the recommended primary authentication methods to unlock the lock screen and use a new authentication method that is based on biometrics to be treated as a secure way to lock the screen, the new method:

• [C-4-1] MUST meet all requirements described in section 7.3.10.2 .
• [C-4-2] MUST have a fall-back mechanism to use one of the recommended primary authentication methods which is based on a known secret.
• [C-4-3] MUST be disabled and only allow the recommended primary authentication to unlock the screen when the Device Policy Controller (DPC) application has set the keguard feature policy by calling the method DevicePolicyManager.setKeyguardDisabledFeatures() , with any of the associated biometric flags (ie KEYGUARD_DISABLE_BIOMETRICS , KEYGUARD_DISABLE_FINGERPRINT , KEYGUARD_DISABLE_FACE , or KEYGUARD_DISABLE_IRIS ).
• [C-4-4] MUST challenge the user for the recommended primary authentication (eg PIN, pattern, password) at least once every 72 hours or less.
• [C-4-5] MUST have a false acceptance rate that is equal or stronger than what is required for a fingerprint sensor as described in section section 7.3.10 , or otherwise MUST be disabled and only allow the recommended primary authentication to unlock the screen when the Device Policy Controller (DPC) application has set the password quality policy via the DevicePolicyManager.setPasswordQuality() method with a more restrictive quality constant than PASSWORD_QUALITY_BIOMETRIC_WEAK .
• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to have spoof and imposter acceptance rates that are equal to or stronger than what is required for a fingerprint sensor as described in section 7.3.10 .
• [C-4-6] MUST have a secure processing pipeline such that an operating system or kernel compromise cannot allow data to be directly injected to falsely authenticate as the user.
• [C-4-7] MUST be paired with an explicit confirm action (eg: a button press) to allow access to keystore keys if the application sets true for KeyGenParameterSpec.Built.setUserAuthenticationRequired() and the biometric is passive (eg face or iris where no explicit signal of intent exists).
• [C-SR] The confirm action for passive biometrics is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to be secured such that an operating system or kernel compromise cannot spoof it. For example, this means that the confirm action based on a physical button is routed through an input-only general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pin of a secure element (SE) that cannot be driven by any other means than a physical button يضعط.

If the biometric authentication methods do not meet the spoof and imposter acceptance rates as described in section 7.3.10 :

• [C-5-1] The methods MUST be disabled if the Device Policy Controller (DPC) application has set the password quality policy via the DevicePolicyManager.setPasswordQuality() method with a more restrictive quality constant than PASSWORD_QUALITY_BIOMETRIC_WEAK .
• [C-5-2] The user MUST be challenged for the recommended primary authentication (eg: PIN, pattern, password) after any 4-hour idle timeout period. The idle timeout period is reset after any successful confirmation of the device credentials.
• [C-5-3] The methods MUST NOT be treated as a secure lock screen, and MUST meet the requirements that start with C-8 in this section below.

If device implementations add or modify the authentication methods to unlock the lock screen and a new authentication method is based on a physical token or the location:

• [C-6-1] They MUST have a fall-back mechanism to use one of the recommended primary authentication methods which is based on a known secret and meet the requirements to be treated as a secure lock screen.
• [C-6-2] The new method MUST be disabled and only allow one of the recommended primary authentication methods to unlock the screen when the Device Policy Controller (DPC) application has set the policy with either the DevicePolicyManager.setKeyguardDisabledFeatures(KEYGUARD_DISABLE_TRUST_AGENTS) method or the DevicePolicyManager.setPasswordQuality() method with a more restrictive quality constant than PASSWORD_QUALITY_UNSPECIFIED .
• [C-6-3] The user MUST be challenged for one of the recommended primary authentication methods (egPIN, pattern, password) at least once every 72 hours or less.
• [C-6-4] The new method MUST NOT be treated as a secure lock screen and MUST follow the constraints listed in C-8 below.

If device implementations have a secure lock screen and include one or more trust agent, which implements the TrustAgentService System API, they:

• [C-7-1] MUST have clear indication in the settings menu and on the lock screen when device lock is deferred or can be unlocked by trust agent(s). For example, AOSP meets this requirement by showing a text description for the "Automatically lock setting" and "Power button instantly locks" in the settings menu and a distinguishable icon on the lock screen.
• [C-7-2] MUST respect and fully implement all trust agent APIs in the DevicePolicyManager class, such as the KEYGUARD_DISABLE_TRUST_AGENTS constant.
• [C-7-3] MUST NOT fully implement the TrustAgentService.addEscrowToken() function on a device that is used as a primary personal device (eg handheld) but MAY fully implement the function on device implementations that are typically shared (eg Android Television or Automotive device).
• [C-7-4] MUST encrypt all stored tokens added by TrustAgentService.addEscrowToken() .
• [C-7-5] MUST NOT store the encryption key on the same device where the key is used. For example, it is allowed for a key stored on a phone to unlock a user account on a TV.
• [C-7-6] MUST inform the user about the security implications before enabling the escrow token to decrypt the data storage.
• [C-7-7] MUST have a fall-back mechanism to use one of the recommended primary authentication methods.
• [C-7-8] The user MUST be challenged for one of the recommended primary authentication (eg: PIN, pattern, password) methods at least once every 72 hours or less.
• [C-7-9] The user MUST be challenged for one of the recommended primary authentication (eg: PIN, pattern, password) methods after any 4-hour idle timeout period. The idle timeout period is reset after any successful confirmation of the device credentials.
• [C-7-10] MUST NOT be treated as a secure lock screen and MUST follow the constraints listed in C-8 below.

If device implementations add or modify the authentication methods to unlock the lock screen that is not a secure lock screen as described above, and use a new authentication method to unlock the keyguard:

• [C-8-1] The new method MUST be disabled when the Device Policy Controller (DPC) application has set the password quality policy via the DevicePolicyManager.setPasswordQuality() method with a more restrictive quality constant than PASSWORD_QUALITY_UNSPECIFIED .
• [C-8-2] They MUST NOT reset the password expiration timers set by DevicePolicyManager.setPasswordExpirationTimeout() .
• [C-8-3] They MUST NOT authenticate access to keystores when the application sets true for KeyGenParameterSpec.Builder.setUserAuthenticationRequired() ).

9.11.2. خزنة حديدية

The Android Keystore System allows app developers to store cryptographic keys in a dedicated secure processor as well as the isolated execution environment described above.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to support StrongBox.

If device implementations support StrongBox, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST declare FEATURE_STRONGBOX_KEYSTORE .

• [C-1-2] MUST provide dedicated secure hardware that is used to back keystore and secure user authentication.

• [C-1-3] MUST have a discrete CPU that shares no cache, DRAM, coprocessors or other core resources with the application processor (AP).

• [C-1-4] MUST ensure that any peripherals shared with the AP cannot alter StrongBox processing in any way, or obtain any information from the StrongBox. The AP MAY disable or block access to StrongBox.

• [C-1-5] MUST have an internal clock with reasonable accuracy (+-10%) that is immune to manipulation by the AP.

• [C-1-6] MUST have a true random number generator that produces uniformly-distributed and unpredictable output.

• [C-1-7] MUST have tamper resistance, including resistance against physical penetration, and glitching.

• [C-1-8] MUST have side-channel resistance, including resistance against leaking information via power, timing, electromagnetic radiation, and thermal radiation side channels.

• [C-1-9] MUST have secure storage which ensures confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, consistency, and freshness of the contents. The storage MUST NOT be able to be read or altered, except as permitted by the StrongBox APIs.

• To validate compliance with [C-1-3] through [C-1-9], device implementations:

  • [C-1-10] MUST include the hardware that is certified against the Secure IC Protection Profile BSI-CC-PP-0084-2014 or evaluated by a nationally accredited testing laboratory incorporating High attack potential vulnerability assessment according to the Common Criteria Application of Attack Potential to Smartcards .
  • [C-1-11] MUST include the firmware that is evaluated by a nationally accredited testing laboratory incorporating High attack potential vulnerability assessment according to the Common Criteria Application of Attack Potential to Smartcards .
  • [C-SR] Are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to include the hardware that is evaluated using a Security Target, Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL) 5, augmented by AVA_VAN.5. EAL 5 certification will likely become a requirement in a future release.

• [C-SR] are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to provide insider attack resistance (IAR), which means that an insider with access to firmware signing keys cannot produce firmware that causes the StrongBox to leak secrets, to bypass functional security requirements or otherwise enable access to sensitive بيانات المستخدم. The recommended way to implement IAR is to allow firmware updates only when the primary user password is provided via the IAuthSecret HAL.

9.12. حذف البيانات

All device implementations:

• [C-0-1] MUST provide users a mechanism to perform a "Factory Data Reset".
• [C-0-2] MUST delete all user-generated data. That is, all data except for the following:
  • The system image
  • Any operating system files required by the system image
• [C-0-3] MUST delete the data in such a way that will satisfy relevant industry standards such as NIST SP800-88.
• [C-0-4] MUST trigger the above "Factory Data Reset" process when the DevicePolicyManager.wipeData() API is called by the primary user's Device Policy Controller app.
• MAY provide a fast data wipe option that conducts only a logical data erase.

9.13. وضع التمهيد الآمن

Android provides Safe Boot Mode, which allows users to boot up into a mode where only preinstalled system apps are allowed to run and all third-party apps are disabled. This mode, known as "Safe Boot Mode", provides the user the capability to uninstall potentially harmful third-party apps.

Device implementations are:

• [SR] STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to implement Safe Boot Mode.

If device implementations implement Safe Boot Mode, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST provide the user an option to enter Safe Boot Mode in such a way that is uninterruptible from third-party apps installed on the device, except when the third-party app is a Device Policy Controller and has set the UserManager.DISALLOW_SAFE_BOOT flag as true.

• [C-1-2] MUST provide the user the capability to uninstall any third-party apps within Safe Mode.

• SHOULD provide the user an option to enter Safe Boot Mode from the boot menu using a workflow that is different from that of a normal boot.

9.14. عزل نظام المركبات السيارات

Android Automotive devices are expected to exchange data with critical vehicle subsystems by using the vehicle HAL to send and receive messages over vehicle networks such as CAN bus.

The data exchange can be secured by implementing security features below the Android framework layers to prevent malicious or unintentional interaction with these subsystems.

9.15. خطط الاشتراك

"Subscription plans" refer to the billing relationship plan details provided by a mobile carrier through SubscriptionManager.setSubscriptionPlans() .

All device implementations:

• [C-0-1] MUST return subscription plans only to the mobile carrier app that has originally provided them.
• [C-0-2] MUST NOT remotely back up or upload subscription plans.
• [C-0-3] MUST only allow overrides, such as SubscriptionManager.setSubscriptionOverrideCongested() , from the mobile carrier app currently providing valid subscription plans.

10. اختبار توافق البرامج

Device implementations MUST pass all tests described in this section. However, note that no software test package is fully comprehensive. For this reason, device implementers are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to make the minimum number of changes as possible to the reference and preferred implementation of Android available from the Android Open Source Project. This will minimize the risk of introducing bugs that create incompatibilities requiring rework and potential device updates.

10.1. مجموعة اختبار التوافق

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST pass the Android Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) available from the Android Open Source Project, using the final shipping software on the device.

• [C-0-2] MUST ensure compatibility in cases of ambiguity in CTS and for any reimplementations of parts of the reference source code.

The CTS is designed to be run on an actual device. Like any software, the CTS may itself contain bugs. The CTS will be versioned independently of this Compatibility Definition, and multiple revisions of the CTS may be released for Android 9.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-3] MUST pass the latest CTS version available at the time the device software is completed.

• SHOULD use the reference implementation in the Android Open Source tree as much as possible.

10.2. أداة التحقق من CTS

The CTS Verifier is included with the Compatibility Test Suite, and is intended to be run by a human operator to test functionality that cannot be tested by an automated system, such as correct functioning of a camera and sensors.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-1] MUST correctly execute all applicable cases in the CTS verifier.

The CTS Verifier has tests for many kinds of hardware, including some hardware that is optional.

تطبيقات الجهاز:

• [C-0-2] MUST pass all tests for hardware that they possess; for instance, if a device possesses an accelerometer, it MUST correctly execute the Accelerometer test case in the CTS Verifier.

Test cases for features noted as optional by this Compatibility Definition Document MAY be skipped or omitted.

• [C-0-2] Every device and every build MUST correctly run the CTS Verifier, as noted above. However, since many builds are very similar, device implementers are not expected to explicitly run the CTS Verifier on builds that differ only in trivial ways. Specifically, device implementations that differ from an implementation that has passed the CTS Verifier only by the set of included locales, branding, etc. MAY omit the CTS Verifier test.

11. البرامج القابلة للتحديث

• [C-0-1] Device implementations MUST include a mechanism to replace the entirety of the system software. The mechanism need not perform “live” upgrades—that is, a device restart MAY be required. Any method can be used, provided that it can replace the entirety of the software preinstalled on the device. For instance, any of the following approaches will satisfy this requirement:

  • “Over-the-air (OTA)” downloads with offline update via reboot.
  • “Tethered” updates over USB from a host PC.
  • “Offline” updates via a reboot and update from a file on removable storage.

• [C-0-2] The update mechanism used MUST support updates without wiping user data. That is, the update mechanism MUST preserve application private data and application shared data. Note that the upstream Android software includes an update mechanism that satisfies this requirement.

If the device implementations includes support for an unmetered data connection such as 802.11 or Bluetooth PAN (Personal Area Network) profile, then, they:

• [C-1-1] MUST support OTA downloads with offline update via reboot.

For device implementations that are launching with Android 6.0 and later, the update mechanism SHOULD support verifying that the system image is binary identical to expected result following an OTA. The block-based OTA implementation in the upstream Android Open Source Project, added since Android 5.1, satisfies this requirement.

Also, device implementations SHOULD support A/B system updates . The AOSP implements this feature using the boot control HAL.

If an error is found in a device implementation after it has been released but within its reasonable product lifetime that is determined in consultation with the Android Compatibility Team to affect the compatibility of third-party applications, then:

• [C-2-1] The device implementer MUST correct the error via a software update available that can be applied per the mechanism just described.

Android includes features that allow the Device Owner app (if present) to control the installation of system updates. If the system update subsystem for devices report android.software.device_admin then, they:

• [C-3-1] MUST implement the behavior described in the SystemUpdatePolicy class.

12. سجل التغيير الوثيقة

For a summary of changes to the Compatibility Definition in this release:

• Document changelog

For a summary of changes to individuals sections:

1. مقدمة
2. Device Types
3. برمجة
4. Application Packaging
5. الوسائط المتعددة
6. Developer Tools and Options
7. Hardware Compatibility
8. Performance and Power
9. Security Model
10. Software Compatibility Testing
11. Updatable Software
12. Document Changelog
13. اتصل بنا

12.1. نصائح لعرض سجل التغيير

Changes are marked as follows:

• العناية الواجبة
  Substantive changes to the compatibility requirements.

• المستندات
  Cosmetic or build related changes.

For best viewing, append the pretty=full and no-merges URL parameters to your changelog URLs.

13. اتصل بنا

You can join the android-compatibility forum and ask for clarifications or bring up any issues that you think the document does not cover.