FingerprintService は、指紋認証 HAL との通信を処理するシステム プロセスで動作します。
指紋認証 HAL は、IBiometricsFingerprint HIDL インターフェースの C または C++ 実装です。これには、デバイス固有のハードウェアと通信するベンダー固有のライブラリが含まれます。
Keystore API と Keymaster コンポーネントは、Trusted Execution Environment(TEE)などの安全な環境で安全に鍵を保管するために、ハードウェア格納型暗号を提供します。
図 1. 指紋認証のデータフローの概要
ベンダー固有の HAL 実装では、TEE で必要な通信プロトコルを使用する必要があります。未処理の画像と処理済みの指紋の特徴は、信頼できないメモリに渡さないでください。このような生体認証データはすべて、TEE などのセキュア ハードウェアに保存する必要があります。ルート権限取得によって生体認証データが侵害されないようにする必要があります。
FingerprintService と fingerprintd は指紋認証 HAL を使用してベンダー固有のライブラリを呼び出し、指紋の登録などの操作を実行します。
図 2. 指紋認証デーモンと指紋認証のベンダー固有ライブラリのやり取り
実装ガイドライン
次の指紋認証 HAL ガイドラインは、デバイスからユーザーが削除されたときに指紋データが漏洩することなく削除されることを目的に作成されています。
未処理の指紋データや派生物(テンプレートなど)には、センサー ドライバまたは TEE の外部からアクセスできないようにしてください。ハードウェアで TEE がサポートされている場合、ハードウェア アクセスを TEE に制限し、SELinux ポリシーで保護する必要があります。シリアル ペリフェラル インターフェース(SPI)チャネルには TEE だけがアクセスできるようにして、すべてのデバイス ファイルに明示的な SELinux ポリシーが必要です。
[[["わかりやすい","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["問題の解決に役立った","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["その他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["必要な情報がない","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["複雑すぎる / 手順が多すぎる","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["最新ではない","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["翻訳に関する問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["サンプル / コードに問題がある","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["その他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最終更新日 2025-03-10 UTC。"],[],[],null,["# Fingerprint HIDL\n\nOn devices with a fingerprint sensor, users can enroll one or more\nfingerprints and use those fingerprints to unlock the device and perform other\ntasks. Android uses the Fingerprint Hardware Interface Definition Language\n(HIDL) to connect to a vendor-specific library and fingerprint hardware (for\nexample, a fingerprint sensor).\n\nTo implement the Fingerprint HIDL, you must implement [`IBiometricsFingerprint.hal`](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/hardware/interfaces/+/refs/heads/android16-release/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/IBiometricsFingerprint.hal)\nin a vendor-specific library.\n\nFingerprint matching\n--------------------\n\nThe fingerprint sensor of a device is generally idle. However, in response to\na call to `authenticate` or `enroll`, the\nfingerprint sensor listens for a touch (the screen might also wake when a user\ntouches the fingerprint sensor). The high-level flow of fingerprint matching\nincludes the following steps:\n\n1. User places a finger on the fingerprint sensor.\n2. The vendor-specific library determines if there is a fingerprint match in the current set of enrolled fingerprint templates.\n3. Matching results are passed to `FingerprintService`.\n\nThis flow assumes that a fingerprint has already been enrolled on the device, that is,\nthe vendor-specific library has enrolled a template for the fingerprint. For more\ndetails, see [Authentication](/docs/security/features/authentication).\n| **Note:** The more fingerprint templates stored on a device, the more time required for fingerprint matching.\n\nArchitecture\n------------\n\nThe Fingerprint HAL interacts with the following components.\n\n- `BiometricManager` interacts directly with an app in an app process. Each app has an instance of `IBiometricsFingerprint.hal`\n- `FingerprintService` operates in the system process, which handles communication with fingerprint HAL.\n- **Fingerprint HAL** is a C/C++ implementation of the IBiometricsFingerprint HIDL interface. This contains the vendor-specific library that communicates with the device-specific hardware.\n- **Keystore API and KeyMint (previously Keymaster)** components provide hardware-backed cryptography for secure key storage in a secure environment, such as the Trusted Execution Environment (TEE).\n\n**Figure 1.** High-level data flow for fingerprint authentication\n\nA vendor-specific HAL implementation must use the communication protocol\nrequired by a TEE. Raw images and processed fingerprint features must not\nbe passed in untrusted memory. All such biometric data needs to be stored\nin the secure hardware such as the TEE. Rooting **must not**\nbe able to compromise biometric data.\n\n`FingerprintService` and `fingerprintd` make calls through the Fingerprint HAL to\nthe vendor-specific library to enroll fingerprints and perform other\noperations.\n**Figure 2.** Interaction of the fingerprint daemon with the fingerprint vendor-specific library\n\nImplementation guidelines\n-------------------------\n\nThe following Fingerprint HAL guidelines are designed to ensure that\nfingerprint data is **not leaked** and is **removed**\nwhen a user is removed from a device:\n\n- Raw fingerprint data or derivatives (for example, templates) must never be accessible from outside the sensor driver or TEE. If the hardware supports a TEE, hardware access must be limited to the TEE and protected by an SELinux policy. The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) channel must be accessible only to the TEE and there must be an explicit SELinux policy on all device files.\n- Fingerprint acquisition, enrollment, and recognition must occur inside the TEE.\n- Only the encrypted form of the fingerprint data can be stored on the file system, even if the file system itself is encrypted.\n- Fingerprint templates must be signed with a private, device-specific key. For Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), at a minimum a template must be signed with the absolute file-system path, group, and finger ID such that template files are inoperable on another device or for anyone other than the user that enrolled them on the same device. For example, copying fingerprint data from a different user on the same device or from another device must not work.\n- Implementations must either use the file-system path provided by the `setActiveGroup()` function or provide a way to erase all user template data when the user is removed. It's strongly recommended that fingerprint template files be stored as encrypted and stored in the path provided. If this is infeasible due to TEE storage requirements, the implementer must add hooks to ensure removal of the data when the user is removed.\n\nFingerprint methods\n-------------------\n\nThe Fingerprint HIDL interface contains the following major methods in\n[`IBiometricsFingerprint.hal`](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/hardware/interfaces/+/refs/heads/android16-release/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/IBiometricsFingerprint.hal).\n\n| Method | Description |\n|------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| `enroll()` | Switches the HAL state machine to start the collection and storage of a fingerprint template. When enrollment is complete, or after a timeout, the HAL state machine returns to the idle state. |\n| `preEnroll()` | Generates a unique token to indicate the start of a fingerprint enrollment. Provides a token to the `enroll` function to ensure there was prior authentication, for example, using a password. To prevent tampering, the token is wrapped after the device credential is confirmed. The token must be checked during enrollment to verify that it's still valid. |\n| `getAuthenticatorId()` | Returns a token associated with the current fingerprint set. |\n| `cancel()` | Cancels pending enroll or authenticate operations. The HAL state machine is returned to the idle state. |\n| `enumerate()` | Synchronous call for enumerating all known fingerprint templates. |\n| `remove()` | Deletes a fingerprint template. |\n| `setActiveGroup()` | Restricts a HAL operation to a set of fingerprints that belong to a specified group, identified by a group identifier (GID). |\n| `authenticate()` | Authenticates a fingerprint-related operation (identified by an operation ID). |\n| `setNotify()` | Registers a user function that receives notifications from the HAL. If the HAL state machine is in a busy state, the function is blocked until the HAL leaves the busy state. |\n| `postEnroll()` | Finishes the enroll operation and invalidates the `preEnroll()` generated challenge. This must be called at the end of a multifinger enrollment session to indicate that no more fingers may be added. |\n\nFor more details on these, refer to the comments in [`IBiometricsFingerprint.hal`](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/hardware/interfaces/+/refs/heads/android16-release/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/IBiometricsFingerprint.hal)."]]