試用 AppCard 程式碼研究室

本頁說明如何實作 AppCard。

步驟 1：新增所有匯入項目

  1. 如要新增匯入作業，請按照下列步驟操作：

    static_libs: [
     …
     "car-app-card",
],

步驟 2：將 SimpleAppCardContentProvider 新增至資訊清單

  1. 請務必將android:authorities (以粗體顯示) 替換為您的套件名稱。

    <!-- App Card Content Provider that is required to communicate
     relevant App Cards with the system
     android.car.permission.BIND_APP_CARD_PROVIDER is an essential permission
     that will only allow the system to communicate with the
     AppCardContentProvider
     The content provider must also be exported and enabled -->
     <provider android:name=".SimpleAppCardContentProvider"
         android:authorities="com.example.appcard.sample" 
         android:permission="@string/host_permission"
         android:exported="true"
         android:enabled="true">
         <intent-filter>
            <!-- This intent filter will allow the system to find and
                 connect with the application's AppCardContentProvider -->
             <action android:name="com.android.car.appcard.APP_CARD_PROVIDER" />
            </intent-filter>
     </provider>

步驟 3：將 SimpleAppCardContentProvider 新增至資訊清單

  1. 如要將 SimpleAppCardContentProvider 新增至資訊清單，請按照下列步驟操作：

    class SimpleAppCardContentProvider : AppCardContentProvider() {
  /** Must return same authority as defined in manifest */
  override val authority: String = AUTHORITY

  /** Setup [AppCardContentProvider] and its constituents */
  override fun onCreate(): Boolean {
    return super.onCreate()
  }

  /** Setup an [AppCard] that is being requested */
  override fun onAppCardAdded(id: String, ctx: AppCardContext): AppCard {
    return when (id) {
      APPCARD_ID -> //TODO: create app card

      else -> throw IllegalStateException("Unidentified app card ID: $id")
    }
  }

  /** List of supported [AppCard] IDs */
​   ​override val appCardIds: List<String> = listOf(APPCARD_ID).toMutableList()

  /** Clean up when an [AppCard] is removed */
  override fun onAppCardRemoved(id: String) {
    when (id) {
      APPCARD_ID -> //TODO: create app card
    }
  }

  /** Handle an [AppCardContext] change for a particular [AppCard] ID */
  override fun onAppCardContextChanged(
    id: String,
    appCardContext: AppCardContext
  ) {
     when (id) {
      APPCARD_ID -> //TODO: update AppCardContext
    }
  }

  companion object {
    private const val AUTHORITY = "com.example.appcard.sample"
    private const val APPCARD_ID = "sampleAppCard"
  }
}

步驟 4：建立 AppCard

  1. 如要建立 AppCard：

    override fun onAppCardAdded(id: String, ctx: AppCardContext): AppCard {
  return when (id) {
    APPCARD_ID -> createAppCard(ctx)

    else -> throw IllegalStateException("Unidentified app card ID: $id")
  }
}

private fun createAppCard(appCardContext: AppCardContext): ImageAppCard {
  return ImageAppCard.newBuilder(APPCARD_ID)
    .setPrimaryText("Hello")
    .setSecondaryText("World")
    .setHeader(
      Header.newBuilder("header")
        .setTitle("Code Lab")
        .build()
    )
    .addButton(
      Button.newBuilder(
        "button",
        Button.ButtonType.PRIMARY,
        object : OnClickListener {
          override fun onClick() {
            //no-op
          }
        }
      )
        .setText("Click me!")
        .build()
    )
   .build()
}

例如：

建立 AppCard

圖 1. 建立 AppCard。

步驟 5：啟用按鈕點擊器

如何啟用點擊器：

   private var clickCounter = 0

   private fun createAppCard(appCardContext: AppCardContext): ImageAppCard {
      ...
       .addButton(
        Button.newBuilder(
          "button",
           Button.ButtonType.PRIMARY,
           object : OnClickListener {
             override fun onClick() {
               clickCounter++
               sendAppCardUpdate(createAppCard(appCardContext))
             }
           }
         )
           .setText(
             if (clickCounter == 0) "Click me!" else "Clicked: $clickCounter"
           )
           .build()
         )
      ...
    }

    override fun onAppCardRemoved(id: String) {
      when (id) {
        APPCARD_ID -> clickCounter = 0
      }
    }

例如：

啟用按鈕點擊器

圖 2. 啟用按鈕點擊器。

步驟 6：更新頁首圖片

  1. 如要更新頁首中的圖片，請按照下列步驟操作：

      private fun createAppCard(appCardContext: AppCardContext): ImageAppCard {
    val headerImageSize = appCardContext.imageAppCardContext.getMaxImageSize(Header::class.java)
    val logo = resToBitmap(
     android.R.drawable.ic_menu_compass,
       headerImageSize.width,
       headerImageSize.height
    )

 ...
   .setHeader(
     Header.newBuilder("header")
       .setTitle("Code Lab")
       .setImage(
         Image.newBuilder("image")
           .setContentScale(Image.ContentScale.FILL_BOUNDS)
           .setColorFilter(Image.ColorFilter.TINT)
           .setImageData(logo)
           .build()
       )
       .build()
    )
  ...
  }

  private fun resToBitmap(res: Int, width: Int, height: Int): Bitmap {
    val drawable = context?.getDrawable(res)

    return drawableToBitmap(drawable!!, width, height)
  }

  private fun drawableToBitmap(d: Drawable, width: Int, height: Int): Bitmap {
    val bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888)

    val canvas = Canvas(bitmap)
    val left = 0
    val top = 0
    d.setBounds(left, top, canvas.width, canvas.height)
    d.draw(canvas)

    return bitmap
 }
 ```

For example:

![Change the image in the header](/docs/automotive/unbundled_apps/appcards/images/ceramic-06.png)

**Figure 3.** Change the name to the header.

  2. 如要將圖片新增至任何支援的元件，請重複這個程序。

步驟 7：新增更多互動

  1. 如何建立含有控制項的進度列：

     private var progressOn = false

 private var progressTimer: Timer? = null

 private var progressCounter = 0

 override fun onAppCardRemoved(id: String) {
   when (id) {
     APPCARD_ID -> {
       clickCounter = 0
       progressCounter = 0
       progressTimer?.cancel()
     }
   }
 }

 private fun createAppCard(appCardContext: AppCardContext): ImageAppCard {
   val buttonImageSize = appCardContext.imageAppCardContext.getMaxImageSize(Button::class.java)
   val progressPlayPauseImage = resToBitmap(
     if (progressOn) {
       android.R.drawable.ic_media_pause
     } else {
       android.R.drawable.ic_media_play
     },
     buttonImageSize.width,
     buttonImageSize.height
   )
   ...
     .setProgressBar(
       createProgressBar()
     )
     .addButton(
       Button.newBuilder(
         "progressButton",
         Button.ButtonType.NO_BACKGROUND,
         object : OnClickListener {
           override fun onClick() {
             progressOn = !progressOn
             if (progressOn) {
               progressTimer = Timer()
               progressTimer?.scheduleAtFixedRate(object : TimerTask() {
                 override fun run() {
                 progressCounter++
                 if (progressCounter > 60) progressCounter = 0
                 sendAppCardComponentUpdate(APPCARD_ID, createProgressBar())
               }
             }, SECONDS_TO_MS, SECONDS_TO_MS)
           } else {
             progressTimer?.cancel()
             progressTimer = null
           }
           sendAppCardUpdate(createAppCard(appCardContext))
         }
       }
     )
       .setImage(
         Image.newBuilder("buttonImage")
           .setContentScale(Image.ContentScale.FILL_BOUNDS)
           .setColorFilter(Image.ColorFilter.TINT)
           .setImageData(progressPlayPauseImage)
           .build()
       )
       .build()
   )
 ...
 }

 private fun createProgressBar(): ProgressBar {
   return ProgressBar.newBuilder(PROGRESS_BAR_ID, 0, 60)
     .setProgress(progressCounter)
     .build()
 }

 companion object {
   ...
   private const val PROGRESS_BAR_ID = "progress"
   private const val SECONDS_TO_MS = 1000L
 }

我們在進度列中新增了「播放」或「暫停」按鈕，每秒都會更新。由於大小限制，請參閱點擊器按鈕上的 setText 新增內容，反映點擊次數，.setText("$clickCounter")

圖 4. 新增按鈕。

圖 5. 已算繪的按鈕。

步驟 8：啟動活動

  1. 只要應用程式符合background-starts#exceptions，您就能從按鈕的 onClickListener 啟動活動。

    class SampleRoutingActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
  override fun onStart() {
    super.onStart()
    val intent = Intent(ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS).apply {
      setFlags(FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP)
    }
    startActivity(intent)
    finish()
  }
}

  2. 如要啟動活動，請在 AppCard 中新增按鈕。如果沒有，請在應用程式中新增路由活動：

    override fun onStart() {
super.onStart()
val intent = Intent(ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS).apply {
  setFlags(FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP)
}
startActivity(intent)
finish()
 }
}

    呼叫類別時，系統會將使用者重新導向至「位置資訊」設定。 套用 setFlags(FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP) 可確保使用者無法返回原始活動。

  3. 在 AppCard 中新增按鈕，即可啟動活動：

     private fun createAppCard(appCardContext: AppCardContext): ImageAppCard {
   val locationImage = resToBitmap(
     android.R.drawable.ic_menu_call,
     buttonImageSize.width,
     buttonImageSize.height
   )
   ...
     .addButton(
       Button.newBuilder(
        "activityButton",
        Button.ButtonType.SECONDARY,
        object : OnClickListener {
          override fun onClick() {
            // no-op
          }
        }
       )
        .setImage(
          Image.newBuilder("locationButtonImage")
            .setContentScale(Image.ContentScale.FILL_BOUNDS)
            .setColorFilter(Image.ColorFilter.TINT)
            .setImageData(locationImage)
            .build()
        )
        .setIntent(
          RoutingActivityIntent
            .newBuilder("com.example.appcard.sample.SampleRoutingActivity")
            .build()
        )
        .build()
      )
    ...
}

由於空間限制，AppCard 主機已移除點擊器按鈕。AppCard 如下所示：

已移除按鈕

圖 6. 沒有點擊器按鈕的 AppCard。